SOCI 1301 Chapter 3 Quiz

Value

Honoring your mother and father Patriotism Professional success Desired weight

Which of the major sociological perspectives could be characterized as empahsizing the "pros" or benefits of globalization?

functionalist

Which theoretical perspective maintains that stability requires a consensus and the support of society's members?

functionalist theory

Sociologists use the term __________ to refer to a segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of mores, folkways, and values that differs from the pattern of the larger society.

subculture

Change brings both friction and progress, reducing inequality by school systems embracing multilanguage learning and bilingual student outcomes.

Conflict

Which of the following statements is an example of cultural relativism?

Fast food restaurants are great for meals on a budget.

The division of society over certain controversial cultural elements is referred to as

the culture war.

Material Culture

Churches Flags Coca-Cola

Which of the following statements is true about language?

Language consists wholly of speech and written characters.

Nonmaterial Culture

Patriotism Greetings Prayer

Formal norms

Jail sentence Diploma Salary bonus Firing from a job

Melissa lives in an old neighborhood without a homeowners' association. She decides to paint her house bright purple, with lime green trim and an orange door. Which of the following sanctions is she most likely to experience as a result of her house color?

frowns from her neighbors snide comments from people who walk by

Patterns of male dominance are reinforced in many societies by

folkways.

In the United States., tipping servers is an example of a

formal norm.

In the United States, we often formalize norms into __________.

laws

The saying "Respect your elders" reflects which of the following aspects of culture?

norms

The actual clothing Gabby purchases and wears are an example of ___________; the feeling of guilt or moral transgression for buying clothing made in sweatshops is an example of ___________.

material culture; nonmaterial culture

In Maria's situation, the income her family needs to pay the rent and purchase food and clothing represents the __________ component of culture. Her ethical need to avoid turning in the names of her coworkers in the union represents the ___________ component of culture.

material; nonmaterial

If all factories around the world were to adopt the same working standards and wages entitling all workers, like Maria, to the same protections and safety regulations, this would be an example of global worker rights based on which of the following:

All of these answers.

Sanctions may be penalties, such as a fine, or rewards, such as a job promotion.

True

What is the major stated difference between subcultures and countercultures?

A counterculture deliberately opposes aspects or values of the dominant culture.

Drag and drop each major sociological perspective and each key component to the corresponding person from the globalization scenarios.

Adam Functionalist Stability Manifest and latent consequences Nonverbal communication Rob Conflict Inequality Filling necessary jobs for society Exploitation Laila Interactionist Symbols Haves and Have-nots Individual interactions

Although the world is a diverse place, almost all values are shared by all cultures.

False

Student interactions help bridge cultural boundaries by immersing students in different languages—the window to a culture, it's daily rituals, customs and heritage.

Interactionist

Which of the following statements is not an example of how the conflict perspective would view a school system which prohibited bilingual learning programs, such as California's Proposal 227?

It encourages stability of the educational institution by lowering costs.

According to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, what needs to happen in order for James to be able to identify examples of poka-yoke?

James would need to learn about poka-yoke.

In offering an opinion on globalization, why is Laila's perspective most closely aligned with interactionist perspective?

Laila is concerned about the value and meaning of clothing in people's daily lives as a member of society and how the production of westernized fashions in developing nations may have a detrimental impact on local culture and customs.

Which of the following statements is true from a conflict perspective?

Maintaining a culture's values serves to maintain the privileges of the dominant ideology.

Which of the following statements is false?

People cannot belong to both the dominant culture and a subculture at the same time.

Drag and drop each major sociological perspective and each key component to the corresponding person from the scenarios.

Riley Conflict Power struggle Stigma Individual interactions Steve Functionalist Dysfunctions Stability Maintaining status quo Lucinda Interactionist Language as a cultural identity Inequality Haves vs. have-nots

Which of these statements would not be an example of globalization in Kyung-soon's dream jeans scenario?

She moves back to South Korea to manufacture the jeans with Korean-made materials in Seoul and advertise and sell them only in Korea.

Informal norms

Smile Clapping Thumbs down Humiliation

Which of the following statements are true about sociobiology?

Sociobiology involves studying how human social behavior is affected by biology. Sociobiology focuses on explaining the behavior of individual people rather than that of groups.

Which statement best represents a functionalist's view of bilingual education?

Students don't learn English any faster and the cost is prohibitive in our already financially strapped school budgets.

Society is defined as

a fairly large group of humans who share a common territory and culture.

Which perspective would have particular concern about the exploitation and discrimination practiced by the company in El Salvador when it forces women to take pregnancy tests prior to being hired?

conflict perspective

Material culture includes

any physical object or technology produced by members of a society.

Which sociological perspective claims that attacks on bilingual programs are often a result of ethnocentric views?

conflict perspective

From a functionalist perspective,

bilingualism is an asset that promotes the self-expression of subordinated language minorities.

Sociobiologists believe that

certain forms of behavior that promote survival become genetically linked to a species.

An individual who places a priority on understanding other cultures, rather than dismissing them as "strange" or "exotic," is practicing

cultural relativism.

Medicine, trade, and personal names are examples of practices and beliefs that appeared on George Murdock's list of

cultural universals.

People's need for food, shelter, and clothing are examples of what George Murdock referred to as

cultural universals.

What term did William Ogburn introduce to refer to the period of maladjustment that occurs when a nonmaterial culture is still adapting to new material conditions?

culture lag

Sociologists use the term __________ to refer to the process by which a cultural item spreads from group to group or society to society.

diffusion

Evaluating the practices of other cultures on the basis of one's own perspective is referred to as

ethnocentrism.

Imagine Maria were to overhear the factory manager in El Salvador rationalizing the dangerous working conditions and harsh rules by stating the following: "The norms and sanctions we use are intended to keep workers and the factory operating at a stable, optimum level of production. While outsiders may consider these rules too harsh, they are in the best interest of the whole company, including the workers." Which sociological perspective is most closely aligned with the factory manager's statement in which he attempts to justify the dangerous working conditions?

functionalist

If Kyung-soon manages to retain her wish for traditional jean materials of silk woven with denim and they become very popular, not only among Korean women in the United States but around the world, which of the following concepts best describes her successful global business outcome?

innovation and diffusion

The process of introducing a new idea or object to a culture is known as

innovation.

Even though Kyung-soon now lives in the United States, her idea for the blue jean company is derived from her passion for cultural iconography that tie her designs to the fashions of her ancestors. This passion represents which of the following aspects of culture?

values

Why is Adam's explanation of globalization considered a macro level of analysis?

Adam is thinking about the large-scale patterns of inequality brought about by the exploitation of workers in multinational corporation's outsourced manufacturing plants, often due to a lack of unionization.

Which of the following statements regarding culture is true?

Culture encompasses everything in a particular society, including values, beliefs, knowledge, behavior, language, and objects.

Even though multilanguage learning is more expensive and initually destablizing for the education institution, bilingual students serve to increase stability in the long term by creating a more competitive workforce in the global economy.

Functionalist

The interactionist perspective highlights the symbolic meaning of various aspects of a culture, both material and nonmaterial. Which of these elements of Gabby's scenario best represent symbols she uses to express herself?

Her global awareness of how sweatshops exploit workers.

Norm

Turning a cellphone off during a movie Saying hello to others on an elevator Silence on tee-off

Anyone who feels disoriented, uncertain, out of place, or even fearful when immersed in an unfamiliar culture may be experiencing __________.

culture shock

An American touring China wants local cuisine for dinner, but is stunned to learn that the specialty in one restaurant is dog meat. This scenario is an example of

culture shock.

When Kyung-soon experienced loneliness, misunderstanding of daily life in the United States and a lack of connection with American women when she did not share the bonding experience of social networking and reality TV, she was experiencing

culture shock.

The foundation of all cultures is __________, which enables people to express all aspects of culture through word meanings and symbols.

language

Gabby realizes that her designer clothes are made in "sweatshops"—factories abroad paying low wages with harsh conditions such as Maria's in the previous scenario. Gabby feels pressure to change her shopping habits and considers purchasing clothing made in the United States or at least by more responsible companies. This change in Gabby perception represents which of the following aspects of culture?

values

Free speech, religion, and democracy are examples of

values.

In terms of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, James could not see examples of poka-yoke when Derrick could because

we can conceive of something only if we have a term for it in our vocabulary.