Social and Behavioral Responsible Conduct of Research

Which of the following is a responsibility of each author?

Confirming that data have been accurately presented

The main reason that the Royal Society of London developed the modern form of peer review was to:

Control the quality of published papers.

The main focus of NIH's conflict of interest policy is:

Financial conflicts of interest

Which of the following is the most effective strategy for preventing research misconduct?

Good mentoring

Which of the following most accurately describes an institutional conflict of interest?

It occurs when an institution's financial or non-financial interests could interfere with its research activities

Which of the following most accurately describes a conflict of commitment?

It occurs when outside activities interfere with obligations to one's primary employer.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) guidelines?

Individuals who do not meet the criteria for authorship but who have made a noteworthy contribution are normally listed in the acknowledgments section.

An idea is most likely to represent "common knowledge" if:

It can be safely assumed that the readers and the author are both thoroughly familiar with the ideas and its source

What is the main function of a Technology Transfer Office with respect to collaborative research?

It helps collaborative researchers to commercialize their work

Which of the following statements about mentoring is true?

Mentors can provide valuable advice to trainees regarding career decisions and contacts with leaders in their field of research

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the mentoring relationship?

Mentors teach trainees about aspects of academic life that are not covered in textbooks

If researchers allow their moral or other personal beliefs to influence their objectivity, this is most likely an example of:

A conflict of conscience

The entity that normally is supposed to determine whether an academic researcher's conflict of interest can be managed is:

A conflict of interest committee

Which statement best describes information that must be included in a consent form?

A description of the research's potential benefits and risks.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the responsibilities of a reviewer?

A reviewer's conflict of interest should be disclosed to the journal editor or grant agency

What is the most appropriate course of action for a trainee who has a problem with a mentor?

After first attempting to communicate directly with the mentor, the trainee should seek counsel of a trusted senior person that the trainee trusts

The reuse of one's previously published material in a new journal article is most appropriate if:

The author informs all the relevant parties and obtains permission to do so

Which of the following is a key reason why international collaborations can be challenging?

The collaborators may have different disciplinary and cultural backgrounds and practices

What is the most appropriate process for research collaborators to use in determining which journal they should submit their work to?

The research team should discuss the issue early on and while the project is ongoing

Which of the following best describes when a protocol may be eligible for expedited review by the IRB?

The study involves no more than minimal risk and meets one of the allowable categories of expedited review specified by the federal government.

The main reason that grant proposal reviewers with a conflict of interest should remove themselves from the review process is because:

Their removal lessens the chance that bias will affect the review process

What is the primary responsibility of oversight bodies (such as an IRB or IACUC)?

To determine compliance with regulatory requirements, including those relating to protecting research subjects

The most important factor in determining whether a research collaboration will be successful is:

Whether there is ongoing communication about goals and responsibilities

Which of the following statements best exemplifies the importance of mentoring?

A mechanism to transmit values and standards of professional conduct.

Which of the following is most likely to create a poor relationship between a mentor and a trainee?

A mentor who recruits trainees merely for the mentor's own career advancement

Which of the following statements is true regarding authorship practices?

Both within and between disciplines, practices differ with regard to who should be included as an author, and in what order they should be listed

Which of the following is true regarding data acquisition?

Data acquisition should follow a detailed collection plan that is set in advance

Which of the following is true regarding data analysis?

Data analysis methods should be specified in advance before a study begins

Which of the following statements most clearly illustrates the principle of beneficence?

Determining whether the benefits of a study outweigh the risks.

A research collaboration can be enhanced by:

Discussing intellectual property issues while the collaboration is forming

Unless the subject matter is considered common knowledge, citations are necessary when writing about:

Ideas, methodologies, or data from other authors and also your own previously published ideas, methodologies, or data

Which of the following is true regarding industry-sponsored research?

Industry sponsors of research may seek to place restrictions on the disclosure of research results.

The two main criteria that the National Science Foundation (NSF) uses to evaluate grant proposals are:

Intellectual merit and broader impact

What is the main function of the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 as it relates to academic institutions?

It allows institutions to have control over the intellectual property from federally-funded research

If a researcher creates the idea for a project and is not listed in the preferred author order position on resulting publications, is this considered to be research misconduct under federal policy?

No; instead it is a type of authorship dispute

What type of inappropriate practice most likely occurred if a researcher takes credit for someone else's idea and does not acknowledge the original source?

Plaigiarism

Which of the following represents plagiarism?

Presenting someone else's ideas or words and claiming them as one's own

When authors summarize the work of others, they typically should:

Provide a condensed (shorter) version of the original material

Which of the following is true regarding data sharing and stewardship?

Researchers who receive federal funding may have to adhere to a data sharing requirement.

Which of the following is true regarding academic-industry collaborations?

The industry sponsor typically owns the data from research that it funds

Which of the following is most likely to own the data resulting from a research project?

The organization that receives federal funding for a project ?

Which of the following most directly contributed to the establishment of the National Research Act and the creation of the Belmont Report?

Tuskegee study

Which of the following statements is true regarding the regulations that govern research?

U.S. funded research collaborations are often governed by U.S. regulations no matter where the research takes place

Proper paraphrasing of a sentence written by someone else may be accomplished by:

Using your own words and writing voice to express the idea conveyed in the sentence

Which author is normally responsible for sharing reprints of a publication with readers?

corresponding author

Which type of research misconduct most likely occurred if someone intentionally removes data points from the data set in order to generate a deceptive conclusion?

falsification

According to U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy, which of the following is considered to be research misconduct?

plagiarism

The three ethical principles discussed in the Belmont Report are:

respect for persons, beneficence, justice

Which of the following is the most appropriate step to take if authors believe that their manuscript was reviewed unfairly?

the author can contact the editor with their concerns