Social Psych - Chapter 12
cognition, affect, behavior
stereotyping is a _________, prejudice is a _________, discrimination is a ___________
black sheep effect
strong negative responses to ingroup members who threaten the positive image/identity of the ingroup
contact hypothesis
the idea that the intergroup contact will reduce prejudice (less negative affect and less discrimination)
social categorization
the natural cognitive processes by which we place individuals into social groups
social identity
the positive emotions that we experience as a member of an important social group
stereotype
the positive or negative beliefs that we hold about the characteristics of social groups; cognition
extended-contact hypothesis
the prediction that people who have friends from other social groups will be more accepting of all members of these groups
ultimate attribution error
the tendency for competing groups to make causal attributions that maintain ingroup favoritism
ingroup favoritism
the tendency to respond more positively to people from our ingroups than people from outgroups
outgroup homogeneity
the tendency to view members of outgroups as more similar to each other than we see members of ingroups
deindividuation, dehumanization, cognitive dissonance
3 factors influencing discrimination in extreme violence situations:
self-fulfilling prophecy, cognitive dissonance, assimilation and accommodation
3 reasons stereotypes are hard to change:
experience, culture, family
3 things that determine our schemas:
social dominance orientation
a personality variable that refers tot he tendency to see and to accept inequality among different groups
jigsaw classroom
an approach to learning in which students from different racial or ethnic groups work together, in an interdependent way, to master material
authoritarianism
an individual difference variable characterized by a tendency to prefer things to be simple rather than complex and to hold traditional values
superordinate goals
goals both important to the person and yet require cooperative efforts to attain
more
if more cognitive load and stressful situations, _____ social categorization
less
if more time and effort, _____ social categorization
hypervigilence, assimilation and accommodation
if no social category...
contact hypothesis
mutual interdependence, common goal, equal status, interpersonal contact, multiple contacts and social norms of equality are all parts of what theory?
discrimination
unjustified negative behaviors toward members of outgroups based on their group membership
automatic and controlled activation
what are the two parts to devine's dissociation model of stereotypes?
self-affirmation
what moderates stereotype threat?
realistic conflict
____________ theory is that there are only so many resources so if your group doesn't get something another group will
prejudice
an unjustifiable negative attitude toward an outgroup or toward the members of that outgroup; affect
stereotype threat
performance decrements caused by the knowledge of cultural stereotypes
Bogus pipeline procedure
procedure designed to elicit honest responses; in which experimenter first convinces participants that he has access to their "true" beliefs. The participants are then assumed to be more honest in answering the rest of the questions
implicit association test
procedure designed to elicit more honest, implicit beliefs; participants classify stimuli into one of two categories (using buttons in their hands). Categories arranged such that responses to be answered with left or right either match or mismatch stereotype.
common ingroup identity
the attempt to reduce prejudice by creating a superordinate categorization