Social Psych Chp 9

Which inherent neurological system allows most people to experience what others are experiencing automatically? a) The empathetic cortex b) Mirror neurons c) Empathy neurons d) The perceptive module

b) Mirror neurons

If people help in order to receive praise from others, then what would be expected under cover of darkness? a) People would be equally likely to help others. b) People would be less likely to help others. c) People would not be able to feel empathy. d) People would be more likely to help others without fear of embarrassment.

b) People would be less likely to help others.

Which of the following is true regarding the correlation between altruism and one's subjective well-being? a) The correlation can be expressed as a negative relationship. b) The correlation can be expressed as a functional relationship. c) The correlation can be expressed as an inconsistent relationship. d) The correlation can be expressed as an accessible relationship.

b) The correlation can be expressed as a functional relationship.

One day you are out biking on a relatively deserted trail. You see a fellow cyclist on the side of the trail with the bike's wheels in the air. When will you be most likely to help? a) When you know nothing about bikes but can offer moral support b) When you know a great deal about bikes and work at a bicycle repair shop c) When the cyclist seems to know more about bikes than you do d) When you have just finished your trail ride

b) When you know a great deal about bikes and work at a bicycle repair shop

Which of the following types of aggression could be considered prosocial behavior? a) A parent requires a child to study for many hours and not go to a party the nightbefore a test. b) A husband strikes his wife for burning the food she made for dinner. c) A man breaks into the house of a former convict and steals his television. d) A parent screams at a child for spilling food on the floor.

a) A parent requires a child to study for many hours and not go to a party the nightbefore a test.

Which of the following explains why a positive mood can decrease the probability of responding in prosocial ways? a) Being in a good mood can lead us to interpret emergency situations as not really serious. b) Being in a good mood can lead us to not notice that there is a situation in which someone needs help. c) Being in a good mood can cause us to only think about ourselves and our subjective well-being. d) Being in a good mood can cause us to keep as much positivity for ourselves as we can.

a) Being in a good mood can lead us to interpret emergency situations as not really serious.

Emily is out for a leisurely drive and has just witnessed the car in front of her on the highway slow to a stop and pull off to the side of the road. The driver got out of the vehicle and lifted the hood. She is very adept at fixing cars and there are not too many other cars on the road. After considering helping for a bit, Emily continues to drive past the stranded motorist. Why? a) Emily is concerned the driver might be setting up a trap or trick. b) Emily is not sure she will be able to help. c) Emily thinks there probably isn't really anything wrong. d) Emily thinks that someone else will come along to help soon.

a) Emily is concerned the driver might be setting up a trap or trick.

Janelle wants to begin hosting her own podcast focused on community events. She will need some money to purchase recording equipment and create a small studio in her house. She is thinking of reaching out to other community members to ask for their financial support. Which of the following websites should Janelle use? a) Kickstarter b) Facebook c) Twitter d) Craigslist

a) Kickstarter

Danya is in a really bad mood after receiving a low score on an exam. She mopes, complains, and is curt with her friends. Later in the day, Danya goes to volunteer at a local homeless shelter. Why would she do this? a) She knows that helping others will make her feel better. b) She feels the need to atone for her bad mood. c) She wants to be around others in a bad mood. d) She needs to take her mind off of her hardships.

a) She knows that helping others will make her feel better.

enny, a 5-year-old child, may be MOST likely to exhibit helping behavior after playing ________ video game. a) a prosocial b) a violent c) a logical d) any

a) a prosocial

Emily, who is always slightly depressed, helps a little boy find his mom at the mall. Emily is surprised to find her mood has improved. This is likely because ________. a) helping a person often relieves a negative mood b) helping a person can lead to a reward c) empathy led Emily to help the child d) the child was able to articulate how much he was helped

a) helping a person often relieves a negative mood

Marian, who is wearing a distinctive and pleasant perfume, has dropped all of the contents of her purse and is in need of assistance. The fact that she is wearing perfume should ________. a) increase her likelihood of receiving help b) decrease her likelihood of receiving help from other women only c) increase her likelihood of receiving help from men only d) decrease her likelihood of receiving help

a) increase her likelihood of receiving help

Karen knows that her neighbors often struggle to make ends meet. She sometimes offers to babysit for free because she can easily afford to do so and feels good that she can help in this small way. This example most clearly illustrates ________. a) the empathic joy hypothesis b) the negative state relief model c) the empathy-altruism model d) defensive helping

a) the empathic joy hypothesis

While walking down Madison Avenue, Thomas smelled smoke. Soon, Thomas saw flames leaping out of a third story apartment window. In a flash, Thomas saw another man run into the burning building and emerge, only a minute later, with a young girl in his arms. Witnessing this made Thomas feel hopeful about humans and our ability to help each other. Thomas felt ________. a) altruism b) elation c) empathy d) sympathy

b) elation

Steven sees an emergency and then his empathy is aroused; he then provides help simply because the victim needed help and it felt good to provide help. This example illustrates the ________. a) selective altruism model b) empathy-altruism hypothesis c) empathic joy hypothesis d) negative state relief hypothesis

b) empathy-altruism hypothesis

Allen is running late for his social psychology class. He is hurrying across campus and is thinking about the instructor's reaction to his tardiness on an exam day. He passed by a small group of students clustered around someone who is lying on the ground, clutching his chest and gasping for breath. Allen did not stop to help because he simply was not aware of what was happening at the time. This failure to engage in prosocial behavior was probably due to Allen's ________. a) assumption that other bystanders would help b) not paying attention to the situation c) lack of training in emergency medical procedures d) desire to remain uninvolved with others' problems

b) not paying attention to the situation

Jeanette's best friend, Ellen, notices that Jeanette's right eye is badly bruised. When Jeanette tells her that her boyfriend hit her, Ellen offers to provide help. This example BEST illustrates that ________. a) the five-step bystander intervention process often does not explain why a person decides to help b) people are much more inclined to help a close friend than a stranger c) people—both males and females - are more likely to help females than males d) people tend to realize the importance of helping domestic abuse victims

b) people are much more inclined to help a close friend than a stranger

In an emergency, a helpful bystander can increase the helpfulness of others because the bystander serves as a social ________. a) status b) exclusion c) model d) factor

c) model

People who feel isolated from a particular group are experiencing ________ exclusion. a) empathic b) social c) communal d) interpersonal

b) social

Suppose Roger, a religious fundamentalist, is told that three individuals—a gay man, an unwed mother, and a college student—are in need of aid due to employment problems. Roger would be MOST likely to believe that aid should go to ________. a) all three individuals equally b) the college student c) the gay man d) the unwed mother

b) the college student

While walking through Central Park, Mark sees a man being attacked and mugged. There are many people around the scene, and many of these people are holding phones. Mark is concerned for the man but ultimately does nothing. Mark's actions can be explained by the concept of ________. a) empathic concern b) the diffusion of responsibility c) kin selection theory d) negative-state relief model

b) the diffusion of responsibility

Many of the neighbors in a community are part of a neighborhood watch group on Facebook. One day during working hours, each group member receives an alert on their phone that says "Urgent help needed. Two children are stuck in a tree at the park and cannot climb down." Which of the following people will be the most likely to leave his or her workplace to help? a) Matt, an attorney b) Gillian, an accountant c) Arnold, a general physician d) Darlene, a tax preparation specialist

c) Arnold, a general physician

Tina comes home from work to find her roommate, Katie, resting on the couch. Katie has a fever and says she hasn't been able to eat anything all day. Tina notices dark circles beneath Katie's eyes, and Katie says that she had problems sleeping yesterday. Tina offers to call her father, who is a doctor, to get his advice, but Katie asks Tina not to, saying that she'll be fine. Tina is extremely worried though, and once Katie falls asleep, Tina rushes into another room to call her father. Which component of empathy is Tina displaying? a) Emotional empathy b) Empathic accuracy c) Empathic concern d) Emotional accuracy

c) Empathic concern

In general, we are more likely to help those whom we are closely related than others. Which of the following offers support for this? a) Empathic joy hypothesis b) Negative-state relief model c) Kin selection theory d) Natural selection hypothesis

c) Kin selection theory

A professor, two students, and the president of the student government are all on an elevator. When one of the students passes out, who is most likely to be seen as having the responsibility to help? a) The other student b) The president of the student government c) The professor d) No one, only an EMT could be expected to provide help

c) The professor

Which of the following best describes prosocial behavior and aggression a) They always benefit the recipient. b) They always harm the recipient. c) They have overlapping features. d) They are polar opposites.

c) They have overlapping features.

David sees a homeless person and thinks that "this guy has no one to blame but himself." Thus, David appears to believe that this homeless man's misfortunes are ________. a) tied to external factors b) uncontrollable c) controllable d) the end result of chance factors

c) controllable

Patty, a manager of a small team at a publishing house in New York City, wanted to surprise her hardworking team members with a random act of kindness. Near the end of the workday on Friday, Patty went around to each team member's desk and said that they needed to meet in the conference room for an urgent meeting. When the team members arrived, they found wine, cheese, and crackers, and each person's face brightened with happiness. Patty felt wonderful seeing the happiness on her staff's faces. Patty's motivation can be explained by the ________. a) negative-state relief model b) reciprocal altruism hypothesis c) empathic joy hypothesis d) positive-state relief model.

c) empathic joy hypothesis

A New York City taxi cab driver once intervened and stopped what he perceived to be a mugging in progress—even though it actually was a group of actors performing a scene for a television sketch. The taxi driver probably intervened due to ________. a) the absence of the bystander effect b) the fact that he is a New Yorker c) his feelings of empathy d) a high level of egoism

c) his feelings of empathy

On his walk to work, Marlon witnessed a pedestrian get hit by a bus. The man survived but was badly injured, and witnessing this made Marlon very upset. Near his office, Marlon saw a homeless man, and Marlon gave the man 20 dollars, an action he had never done before. Marlon's behavior can be explained by the ________ model. a) empathic accuracy b) emotional empathy c) negative-state relief d) empathic relief

c) negative-state relief

Wayne and Cheryl were at a restaurant eating dinner when he noticed a faint smell of smoke coming from the air conditioning vent. No one else in the busy restaurant seemed to be concerned about the odor, and Wayne was not sure if it was the result of an electrical problem or of food scorching in the kitchen. Wayne's uncertainty, combined with the observation that others were not taking action, means that Wayne will probably ________. a) quietly suggest to Cheryl that they leave immediately b) ask the people at nearby tables if they have noticed an odor c) not do anything d) ask a waiter to check on the smell

c) not do anything

Jenny has been a member of a sorority for 2 years. Recently, though, she was kicked out of the sorority due to her failing grades. In her view, membership in this exclusive club was critical to her self-worth, and after being kicked out, Jenny felt isolated and very unhappy. A few days ago, Jenny was walking to class and saw Rachel, one of her former sorority sisters, fall down a few steps and twist her ankle. Jenny walked by Rachel and didn't offer to help. Jenny's behavior is likely a result of ________. a) a desire for suffering b) not perceiving the situation c) social exclusion d) negative reciprocity

c) social exclusion

Walter has just watched the news of Hurricane Irene, including an interview with a man who is standing in knee-deep water in his basement. Walter decides to go to the store, and on his way sees a stranded motorist. The negative state relief model predicts that Walter will ________. a) keep driving because on a bad day like today he can't begin to deal with one more problem b) keep driving because the motorist is a member of his in-group c) stop and try to help in order to alleviate his own negative feelings d) stop and try to help because he might as well wallow in his negative feelings

c) stop and try to help in order to alleviate his own negative feelings

At school, Carl falls down the stairs and badly sprains his ankle. When will Carl most likely receive help? a) Between class periods when the halls are filled with students rushing to class. b) After the last class period of the day as students are getting ready to go home. c) During lunch hour when only a few students are in the hallway. d) Before school starts when only one other student is in the hallway.

d) Before school starts when only one other student is in the hallway.

SooHee wants to open her own bakery. She will need at least $50,000 dollars for equipment and a year's worth of rent for a retail space on Main Street in her town. Instead of getting a loan through her bank, SooHee creates a website that asks people she knows, along with strangers, to contribute to her dream of opening a bakery. Each $5 donation can be redeemed for a muffin once the bakery opens. What process is SooHee taking advantage of? a) The diffusion of responsibility b) Social exclusion c) Social media d) Crowdfunding

d) Crowdfunding

Who mostly benefits from crowdfunding? a) Entrepreneurs only b) Fund-collecting sites c) Consumers and donors d) Entrepreneurs and communities

d) Entrepreneurs and communities

Greta has been a practicing lawyer for 10 years and Linda has been a practicing medical doctor for 10 years. Who is most likely to volunteer her time to an organization she cares deeply about? a) Greta, because she spends all day in corporate law, she really wants to do something to help people. b) Greta is more likely than Linda because Linda spends all day everyday helping, she wants to be self-focused on her days off. c) Greta, because she bills by the hour and can see the true value of the time she is donating. d) Linda, because she bills by procedure and doesn't think of her time in economic ways.

d) Linda, because she bills by procedure and doesn't think of her time in economic ways.

Ron and Elaine are walking down the street when they see someone helping an old man across the road. On the next block, they see a woman having difficulty in trying to get across the street. Elaine says, "We'd better give her a hand." The woman who initially helped the old man ________. a) decreased the diffusion of responsibility b) acted due to self-monitoring effects c) helped increase other directed affect d) acted as a prosocial model

d) acted as a prosocial model

Oscar is alone resting on a beach when he notices someone who appears to be floundering in the ocean. Since he does not know how to swim, Oscar realizes that he cannot help this individual himself. This example illustrates that people ________. a) often fail to recognize emergency situations as such b) usually want to be left alone and not deal with others' predicaments c) often do not help others when they are alone d) often decide that they cannot help when they do not know what to do

d) often decide that they cannot help when they do not know what to do

Jason is the owner of a furniture store in a small Southern town. He donated several hundred mattresses to the Red Cross immediately after hearing about the devastation caused in a neighboring state by a hurricane. He was motivated to do so by his desire to help others, by thoughts of the income tax deduction he could take, and by the recognition his store would receive from his act of charity. This is an example of ________. a) altruism b) self-interest c) egoism d) prosocial behavior

d) prosocial behavior

Mark and Cynthia are writing out checks to donate to their alma mater. First, Mark says he's going to donate $5,000, and then Cynthia indicates she might be able to donate more than that. Mark then decides he too could contribute more than $5,000. What is this called? a) Competitive altruism b) Empathy-altruism c) Altruism d) Negative-state relief

a) Competitive altruism

Donna knows that the upper management at her office values workers who go above and beyond their roles. After thinking about the best way to do this, Donna decides to take a stronger mentoring approach to new hires, providing them with as much assistance as possible. She also sets up a monthly soup kitchen that is sponsored by the company and will feed some of the city's homeless. Donna's actions can be explained by the ________. a) competitive altruism approach b) negative-state relief model c) empathic joy hypothesis d) empathic accuracy model

a) competitive altruism approach

Gillian and Evelyn go out to dinner and, for no reason, Evelyn decides to pay the full bill rather than split the bill. Gillian is likely to feel a) indebted and make future plans to repay this kindness. b) excited because she received a free meal. c) relieved because she thought that Evelyn might not like her very much. d) empathic because she knows that Evelyn is having money trouble.

a) indebted and make future plans to repay this kindness.

Frank is a young musician who sometimes earns extra money by playing guitar on a downtown street corner during lunch hour. He sometimes puts a dollar and a few coins in his open guitar case before he starts playing. Frank does this because he ________. a) thinks the presence of the money will encourage those who are unwilling to donate to walk away more quickly b) feels the money in the guitar case is an incentive to encourage him to give better performances than he otherwise might c) believes the money will increase the number of people who are attracted to the music he is playing d) believes the presence of the money will act as a model for prosocial behavior for his audience

d) believes the presence of the money will act as a model for prosocial behavior for his audience

Raphael helps Lisa carry her groceries up the stairs. Lisa comes by 15 minutes later and says, "Thank you. The frozen food would have melted if you hadn't helped me." Because of her response to his help, Raphael is motivated to help others later. This scenario is MOST consistent with the ________. a) inclusive fitness model b) empathy-altruism hypothesis c) negative state relief model d) empathic joy hypothesis

d) empathic joy hypothesis

Samantha is watching a movie on TV. The story is about a young boy who had lost his brother in a traffic accident. Samantha says that she knows just how the boy feels and even guesses many of the character's lines before he says them. This situation illustrates the type of perspective taking involved with ________. a) a cognitive understanding of how others must feel in a particular situation b) an emotional reaction to the emotions experience by a close significant other individual c) imagining how friends of yours would feel if you were in the same situation as another individual d) feeling empathy for—and identifying with—a fictional character

d) feeling empathy for—and identifying with—a fictional character

The empathy-altruism hypothesis suggests that at least some prosocial behavior is ________. a) driven by our motivation to engage in any behavior that provides the greatest satisfaction to us b) driven by genetic attributes that evolved because they enhanced the probability of genetic success c) caused by the desire to reduce our own discomfort in the presence of negative emotions d) motivated solely by the desire to help someone in need

d) motivated solely by the desire to help someone in need

Walter has just watched the news of Hurricane Irene, including an interview with a man who is standing in knee-deep water in his basement. Walter decides to go to the store and on his way sees a stranded motorist. The empathy-altruism model predicts that Walter will ________. a) keep driving because on a bad day like today, he can't begin to deal with one more problem b) keep driving because the motorist is a member of his ingroup c) stop and try to help because he might as well wallow in his negative feelings d) stop and try to help because he remembers how it feels to be stranded on the side of the road

d) stop and try to help because he remembers how it feels to be stranded on the side of the road

Two aspects of empathy are ________ and ________. a) sympathizing with another person; the presence of aggressive tendencies b) sympathizing with another person; a belief in a just world c) an internal locus of control; not being egocentric d) taking another's perspective; sympathizing with another person

d) taking another's perspective; sympathizing with another person