Social Psych practice test #3 for exam 1

The tendency for people to believe they can accomplish more in a given period of time than they can actually accomplish is known as _______________

The planning fallacy

When you notice something and then remember it, you are involving the processes know as___________ and ___________

attention and encoding

The relatively effortless processing of social information in a non-conscious and unintentional way is known as

automatic processing

Emblems convey___________

A specific meaning within a given culture

As a specific discipline, social psychology strives for

An objective understanding of behavior

Social psychologists are primarily interested in understanding the many factors and conditions that shape the social ____________ and ____________ of individuals

Behavior; thoughts

Our tendency to perceive the actions of others as caused by their dispositions r personality rather than perceiving the causes of their actions as the situation they are in is know as ____________

Correspondance bias

Recent research indicates their initial impressions of another person are formed primarily from ___________

Exemplars

Research currently indicates that there are two major components involved with our impressions of other people. These are __________ and ______________

Exemplars; abstractions

There are five basic channels of nonverbal communications. These are ___________

Facial expressions, eye contact, body movements, posture, and touching

Supposes Yolanda has four highly favorable traits and three highly negative traits; on contrast, Harriet has two highly favorable traits and one highly negative trait. Based on this information, who possesses more highly favorable traits when we AVERAGE this available information

Harriet

Ralph has been severely depressed for about six months and has difficulty remembering when he was not depressed. He illustrating the effects of _____________

Mood-dependent memory

A relatively heavy cognitive load has the effect of making introverts, but not extroverts, ________________ in an impression management situation

Perform better than without the load

Mike is applying for a join advertising. While he is out to dinner with the interviewer. Mike pulls out and lights and expensive cigar ( an offers one to the interviewer). Mike is using what tactic to increase his chances of getting the job?

Self-enhancement

___________ is the area of psychology that studies the interplay between brain events and thought, emotion, and behavior

Social neroscience

The process we use to try and understand other people is known as___________

Social perception

Research has demonstrated that most people are more sensitive to negative information than to positive information. This is known as ______________

The negativity bias

Impression formation is _______________

The process by which we form impressions of others

Which statement best describes the attribution process?

The process by which we seek to understand the causes of behavior of others and ourselves

Early research by Solomon Asch suggests the presence of central traits, which are _________.

Traits that strongly color the way we interpret other aspects of another person

A narrative framework that acts as a kind of script can be called _________

a schema

Even though there is no single "best" method of researching, the __________ method is generally preferred by social psychologist

experimental

Researchers who systematically change one variable in order to determine what effect this has on another variable are using ____________

experimental methods

The fundamental purpose of a theory is to ________

explain some particular group of events or processes

The extent to which experimental results can be generalized to real-life situations is a question of an experiment ____________

external validity

___________ results when the demands on our cognitive system are greater than its capacity

information overload

Magical thinking

makes compelling assumptions that are completely rational

one way to manage information overload is to make use of _________________

mental shortcuts, such as heuristics

A researcher is interested in the relationship cases the other to change and sometimes not physical characteristics of people. If the researcher should establish that there is a correlation of +3.7 between physical attractiveness and dating frequency, we can conclude that ___________.

more attractive people date more often than less attractive people

A(n)____________ in social psychology _________ in the U.S

multicultural perspective; recognizes a widening of diversity

One possible explanation for the self-serving bias is the cognitive model, which states that ehe self-serving bias is caused by ______________

our expectations of success

The procedure that ensures that participants are not assigned to an experimental condition on the basis of any individual characteristics is called

random assignment

Where schemas are concerned, the perseverance effect is

schemas' resistance to change even in light of contradictory information

Suppose smoking and drinking alcohol are found to be correlated at +.65. We can conclude that _______

smoking is probably related to drinking

The process of carefully observing behavior as it occurs is known as ______

systematic observation

Information that is consistent with our current affective state is more easily retrieved than os information that is inconsistent with our current affect. This is know as

the mood congruence effect

A self-fulfilling prophecy is ______________

the process by which schemas sometimes influence the social world in ways to make the world consistent with the schema

Which of the following individuals is MOST likely to experience information overload?

A person who is talking on a cell phone while driving a car

One type of schema that can be activated non-conscouisly and automatically by physical features associated with a particular group is known as ______________

A stereotype

A correlation exists between two variables when __________

Changes in the two variables are related to each other

The way we think about other people and the things we remember about them may have an effect on our behavior. These thoughts and memories are examples of _____________.

Biological processes

The social rules concerning how individuals should behave in specific situations are known as ____________

Cultural beliefs and norms

Affect includes

Current emotions and moods

___________ consists of the efforts individuals make to create favorable first impressions on others.

Impression management

One indication of possible deception occurs when inconsistencies exist between different types of nonverbal cues, such as facial expression and posture. These inconsistencies are known as ________________

Interchannel discrepancies

Many times attempts at deception are thwarted because of ____________ facial expressions

Irrepressible

The self-serving bias

Tends to be stronger in Western cultures that emphasize individual accomplishments

Blair watches the newscast each evening, with its usual diet if fires and other accidents. She often eats at Herby's Fried Snacks, a local restaurant located in a brick building, despite the fact that her eating there has resulted in bad indigestion several times. She avoids the well-repsected Korean restaurant, because the Korean restaurant is in a wooden building. Blair's eating habits are probable being guided by

The availability heuristic

one reason that social scientists put their faith in scientific method is that __________

The scientific method produces incontrovertible proof of the accuracy of their theories

Efforts to prevent certain thoughts from entering conscious awareness are know as _____________

Thought suppression