Social Psych Quiz 2
Consider this student-professor meeting. The student claims that she missed the last exam because her alarm didn't go off. The professor is thinking that this student was up all night partying and didn't study. These different thoughts represent one instance of the
actor-observer effect.
A group of theories that describe how people explain the causes of behavior is known as
attribution theory.
You are asked what percentage of psychology majors at your school is female. If you answer this question by thinking of how many female psychology majors come to mind quickly, you are relying on the
availability heuristic.
The tendency for people to think of those worse off than themselves when faced with difficulties of their own is called
downward social comparison.
Marion is a sprinter on her high school track team. According to social comparison theory, Marion is most likely to look to which of the following groups to assess how fast a sprinter she is?
other female high school track athletes
Social categorization leads people to
overestimate differences between groups.
The general term for the processes by which people come to understand one another is social ____
perception
The ABC's of social psychology are affect, behavior, and cognition. Put the three major concepts below in this ABC order.
prejudice, discrimination, stereotyping
According to social comparison theory, people are most likely to compare themselves to others who are
similar
When Marshall first meets people, he immediately labels them as either politically conservative or liberal. Marshall's behavior is an example of
social categorization.
Carlos is nervous about giving a class presentation because he doesn't think he can communicate very well with everyone watching him. If Carlos attempts to deal with his anxiety by self-handicapping, he will most likely
stay out partying all night the night before the presentation.
Bridgette thinks short people are lazy, and Barbara refuses to let short people join her book club. Bridgette is exhibiting ____, whereas Barbara is exhibiting ____.
stereotyping; discrimination
Being persistently stereotyped, perceived as deviant, and devalued in society because of membership in a particular social group or because of a particular characteristic is the definition of being
stigmatized.
One explanation for the primacy effect is that
the meaning of information obtained later is often altered to fit with earlier impressions.
LeBron is eating at a restaurant on a first date when his date spills spaghetti all over her lap. Which of conclusion would LeBron be most likely to draw if he commits the fundamental attribution error?
His date is a slob.
Consider the Implicit Association Test in which people are asked to categorize words as well as Caucasian/African-American names. If you were to design a similar measure to assess implicit associations related to age, and more specifically, implicit negative beliefs about older people, which pattern of results might your IAT produce to indicate such ageism?
Participants take longer to pair positive words with older-sounding names and negative words with younger-sounding names than vice versa.
Which of the following is not an indicator of discrimination?
believing that baby-faced men are harmless
Which of the "ABCs of the self" is most relevant to the idea of the self-concept?
cognition
According to the facial ____ hypothesis, changes in facial expression can lead to corresponding changes in emotion.
feedback
Groups to which the self belongs are called _________, and groups to which the self does not belong are called _______ .
ingroups; outgroups
Compared to high self-monitors, low self-monitors are more likely to
maintain consistency in behavior
Behavior that reveals a person's feelings without words, using facial expressions, body language, and vocal cues, is called
nonverbal behavior.
While traveling around the world, Ted shows various people pictures of men and women from his hometown who are smiling and frowning, and he asks these people to infer what emotions the individuals in the pictures are experiencing. According to the research on perceptions of primary emotions, Ted should find that
perceptions of the emotions are relatively consistent across most cultures.
Marcia is unsure about whether Jan is her best friend. She thinks about how many times she has listened to Jan complain about her boyfriend, helped Jan study for difficult exams, and brought soup to Jan when she was sick. Marcia realizes that she, herself, calls or visits Jan almost every night. After thinking about all this, Marcia concludes that Jan must be her best friend. This conclusion is based on a process described by ____ theory
self-perception
Aronson's jigsaw classroom work is similar to Sheriff's Robbers Cave experiment because both illustrate how
super ordinate goals can reduce prejudice.
In his Robber's Cave Study, Sherif found that the most effective means of reducing intergroup conflict was
superordinate goals.
According to the two-factor theory of emotion, social context most directly affects
the cognitive interpretation of emotion.
Which of the following best exemplifies realistic conflict theory?
the conflict over land ownership between Arabs and Israelis in the Middle East
Deception is most likely to be detected by attending to which channel of communication?
voice pitch
According to Festinger, social comparison is less likely to occur
when objective criteria are available.
