Social Psychology Chapter 5

Androgynous

From andro (man) + gyn (woman) - thus mixing both masculine and feminine characteristics.

agression

Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone. In laboratory experiments this might mean delivering electric shocks or saying something likely to hurt another's feelings.

Gender role

A set of behavior expectations (norms) for males and females.

Norms

Standards for accepted and expected behavior. Norms prescribe "proper" behavior, (in a different sense of the world, norms also describe what most others do- what is normal.)

Personal space

The buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies its size depends on our formality with whoever is near us.

Culture

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from generation to the next.

As some women age, they become more

assertive.

As noted in the text, the World Economic Forum stated in the Global Gender Gap Report of 2008, that Norway, Finland, and Sweden

have the greatest gender equality.

Gender

in psychology, characteristics, whether biological or socially influenced, by which people define male or female.

An interaction, such as the one between biology and culture, is said to occur when

the effect of one factor depends upon another factor.

Natural selection

The evolutionary process by which heritable traits that best enable organisms to survive and reproduce in particular environments are passed to ensuring generations.

Empathy can be defined as

when a person tries to put themselves in another person's place and feel what they might be feeling.

When someone purposely says or does something that is meant to hurt someone else, this is referred to as

aggression.

Gender differences in aggression, as seen in the United States, are marked by statistics showing that males comprise ________ of prisoners.

92

Interactions

A relationship in which the effect of one factor (such as biology) depends on another factor (such as environment).

Miles Patterson and Yuichi Iizuka (2007) found that:

American pedestrians were much more likely than Japanese pedestrians to smile at, nod to, or greet a confederate who walked by them.

The theory of natural selection, postulated by _______________, is used in the field of evolutionary psychology.

Charles Darwin.

With regards to personal space, which would be expected?

North Americans prefer more space than do Latin Americans.

Evolutionary Psychology

The study of the evolution of cognition and behavior using principles of natural selection.

Empathy

The vicarious experience of another's feelings; putting oneself in another's shoes.

Research regarding smiling has shown

There are gender differences, with women having higher rates of smiling compared to women.

Which of the following are not one of the gender differences supported by research?

Women are more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD compared to men.

One element of evolutionary psychology, that applies to social psychology, is the idea that

a person's behavior and personality traits which are considered favorable by one's culture are more likely to be passed on to the next generation through reproduction.

The disgust and revulsion that most people feel regarding the topic of incest, can be viewed as

a universal norm.

Males are likely to take jobs that _______________, while women are more likely to take jobs that _______________

enhance inequalities; reduce inequalities.

In egalitarian societies,

evolutionary demands on mating preferences are less.

Gender differences are seen in the play behavior of children, with

girls having more close conversations and less aggressiveness than boys.

Male aggression and dominance has been enhanced due to

natural selection.

The power of the person is called

personal control.

The power of the situation is also called

social control.

Regarding independence and connectedness, research shows

women are more connected to others than men.