Social Psychology Exam 1 Ch 2
____________ consensus effect is when one overestimates the extent to which others agree.
False
_________ theory plays on an individual's overwhelming fear of death and thus motivates that individual to gain recognition from his or her work and personal values.
Terror management
Teens who are identifying themselves as unique individuals with their own traits and abilities are developing ___________.
individualism
Young adults in China being labeled "The Me Generation" are demonstrating a cultural change with the growth of ____________.
individualism
In studies of predicting feelings, it appears that people have the greatest difficulty predicting the _________ of their future emotions.
intensity and duration
Independent self is when one creates an identity as an autonomous self, whereas __________ self is the creation of identity to others.
interdependent
Creating one's identity in relation to others is ___________ self, whereas creating one's identity as an autonomous being is one's _______ self.
interdependent, independent
Charles Cooley identified the _________-________ self as a description of how we think others perceive us as a mirror for perceiving ourselves.
looking-glass
Self-serving bias can contribute toward __________, ________, _________.
marital discord, worker dissatisfaction, bargaining impasses
People underestimate predictions in their activity goals as a result of __________.
misremembering previous tasks, planning fallacy, not being realistic
When Carl confronts his wife, she reacts with anger, aggression, and retaliation. It is very possible his wife has such elevated self-esteem that it's a problem known as _________, a trait that combines high self-esteem with a lack of empathy.
narcissism
Troy knows he has the ability to do well in his calculus class but also knows he must never miss class and do all homework assignments to obtain good grade. Troy is demonstrating defensive _____________.
pessimism
The ___________ fallacy is a common error in which we underestimate how long it make take to complete a task.
planning
As a college freshman, Sydney sees herself being retired at 50 years of age in a beautiful home on the ocean beach. This is an example of Sydney's ________ self.
possible
A correlation has been found of low self-esteem in people who have been faced with _____________.
poverty as a child, personal sexual abuse, parental drug use
The human desire to present ourselves favorably, both to others and to ourselves, is called self-_________.
presentation
Diana has always wanted to expand her family farm. Diana has recently taken on a huge goal of purchasing midwest farm ground, tripling her land. These actions demonstrates self-efficacy through her ________.
problem solving, persistence, self-confidence
From the 1970s to 2006, the rates of unrealistic optimism have _________.
risen
Mental templates about how we organize our worlds are called self-_________.
schemas
Ayaiki is a stdent at the University of Iowa shopping for a shirt that boasts her alma mater. This is a demonstration of the effect of a new culture on her individualized _____-esteem.
self
Protecting one's self-image with behaviors that create a handy excuse for later failure is called
self-handicapping
Most individuals continually monitor their own behavior and note how others react, and then adjust accordingly. This action is referred to as __________.
self-monitoring
Maria is in second grade and feels she does well in spelling. When Maria takes a spelling test, she gets an A most every time. This is an example of having a positive _________.
self-perception
What is included in our personal self-esteem?
self-schemas, self-evaluation, possible selves
Taking credit for success but avoiding blame for failures, having unrealistic optimism, and believing that we're better than average are all examples of ____________.
self-serving bias
When Dirk lost his wrestling match, he blamed the loss on his opponent's dirty techniques. Dirk is demonstrating self-__________.
serving bias
When an individual feels he or she is on center stage and all are watching, that individual is demonstrating the __________ effect.
spotlight
In which of the following activities is social comparison more likely?
Individual finances, team volleyball, individual wrestling
When attempting to predict your own behavior, it is best to consult with your _______, _______, and ________.
Roommate, father, and mother
Our self-esteem fuel gauge can ___________, ___________, __________.
alert us to social rejection, motivate greater sensitivity, motivate us to self-improvement
Muriel has been diagnosed with narcissism. This diagnosis tells you Muriel has _________, _______, _________.
an inability to care for others, a high self-esteem, a self-centered attitude
Dual ________ systems describe differing implicit and explicit attitudes toward the same object.
attitude
Self-serving bias has been known to help people _________, __________, _________.
avoid depression, buffer stress, buffer anxiety.
Research has shown that our self-esteem motivation is a motivator in increasing our self-serving _______.
bias
Which of the following are affected when we engage in effortful self-control?
blood sugar, energy reserves
Giving priority to the goals of a group rather than individual goals is an example of _______________.
collectivism
Brennen has entered middle school and is asking himself, "Who am I?" Brennen is demonstrating the identification of his self-_________.
concept
Individuals who exert self-control in all areas of their day, such as eating vegetables instead of cake, deplete their limited willpower and self's energy. Later in the day, their stamina will probably ___________.
decrease
Alcoholics Anonymous has a slogan that "if three people say you have a tail, you should take a look." This constructive criticism is a method of using ________ pessimism.
defensive
The overall evaluation of ourselves is our self-_______.
esteem
A __________ effect may occur when we behave well or successfully, which makes us think our talents and moral behaviors are relatively unusual.
false uniqueness
In research comparing people in general, most people see themselves as being ____________, __________,_________.
friendlier, more ethical, better looking
People are often nervous about public speaking and think that others will detect their anxiety. This concern stems from which social phenomenon?
illusion of transparency
When we fear that our annoyance or attraction to another person will be easily detected by others, this is called ____________ __ ___________.
illusion of transparency
Overestimating the enduring impact of emotion-causing events is identified as ________________ bias.
impact
Recent research appears to show that rates of narcissism in the United States have ____________ ____________.
increased significantly
During adolescence individuals achieve self-reliance, and they should be able to separate from their parents and have a clear definition of their _______________ self.
independent
Children of the U.S. being given unique names is a modern change in society and an example of a growing change in ________.
individualism
Danny demonstrates a high level of self-efficacy through which of the following?
successfulness, positive thinking, persistence
Karen is sure her children will all graduate from college, earn six-figure incomes, and live a happy life with zero problems. Karen is demonstrating ____________ optimism.
unrealistic
Children raised in what country would be more apt to express themselves through personal writings, choices, and purchases?
western cultures = USA
Our self-concept makes use of our ability to know ____________.
who we are, our previous experiences, our gender behaviors