Social Psychology Exam 1 Ch 2

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____________ consensus effect is when one overestimates the extent to which others agree.

False

_________ theory plays on an individual's overwhelming fear of death and thus motivates that individual to gain recognition from his or her work and personal values.

Terror management

Teens who are identifying themselves as unique individuals with their own traits and abilities are developing ___________.

individualism

Young adults in China being labeled "The Me Generation" are demonstrating a cultural change with the growth of ____________.

individualism

In studies of predicting feelings, it appears that people have the greatest difficulty predicting the _________ of their future emotions.

intensity and duration

Independent self is when one creates an identity as an autonomous self, whereas __________ self is the creation of identity to others.

interdependent

Creating one's identity in relation to others is ___________ self, whereas creating one's identity as an autonomous being is one's _______ self.

interdependent, independent

Charles Cooley identified the _________-________ self as a description of how we think others perceive us as a mirror for perceiving ourselves.

looking-glass

Self-serving bias can contribute toward __________, ________, _________.

marital discord, worker dissatisfaction, bargaining impasses

People underestimate predictions in their activity goals as a result of __________.

misremembering previous tasks, planning fallacy, not being realistic

When Carl confronts his wife, she reacts with anger, aggression, and retaliation. It is very possible his wife has such elevated self-esteem that it's a problem known as _________, a trait that combines high self-esteem with a lack of empathy.

narcissism

Troy knows he has the ability to do well in his calculus class but also knows he must never miss class and do all homework assignments to obtain good grade. Troy is demonstrating defensive _____________.

pessimism

The ___________ fallacy is a common error in which we underestimate how long it make take to complete a task.

planning

As a college freshman, Sydney sees herself being retired at 50 years of age in a beautiful home on the ocean beach. This is an example of Sydney's ________ self.

possible

A correlation has been found of low self-esteem in people who have been faced with _____________.

poverty as a child, personal sexual abuse, parental drug use

The human desire to present ourselves favorably, both to others and to ourselves, is called self-_________.

presentation

Diana has always wanted to expand her family farm. Diana has recently taken on a huge goal of purchasing midwest farm ground, tripling her land. These actions demonstrates self-efficacy through her ________.

problem solving, persistence, self-confidence

From the 1970s to 2006, the rates of unrealistic optimism have _________.

risen

Mental templates about how we organize our worlds are called self-_________.

schemas

Ayaiki is a stdent at the University of Iowa shopping for a shirt that boasts her alma mater. This is a demonstration of the effect of a new culture on her individualized _____-esteem.

self

Protecting one's self-image with behaviors that create a handy excuse for later failure is called

self-handicapping

Most individuals continually monitor their own behavior and note how others react, and then adjust accordingly. This action is referred to as __________.

self-monitoring

Maria is in second grade and feels she does well in spelling. When Maria takes a spelling test, she gets an A most every time. This is an example of having a positive _________.

self-perception

What is included in our personal self-esteem?

self-schemas, self-evaluation, possible selves

Taking credit for success but avoiding blame for failures, having unrealistic optimism, and believing that we're better than average are all examples of ____________.

self-serving bias

When Dirk lost his wrestling match, he blamed the loss on his opponent's dirty techniques. Dirk is demonstrating self-__________.

serving bias

When an individual feels he or she is on center stage and all are watching, that individual is demonstrating the __________ effect.

spotlight

In which of the following activities is social comparison more likely?

Individual finances, team volleyball, individual wrestling

When attempting to predict your own behavior, it is best to consult with your _______, _______, and ________.

Roommate, father, and mother

Our self-esteem fuel gauge can ___________, ___________, __________.

alert us to social rejection, motivate greater sensitivity, motivate us to self-improvement

Muriel has been diagnosed with narcissism. This diagnosis tells you Muriel has _________, _______, _________.

an inability to care for others, a high self-esteem, a self-centered attitude

Dual ________ systems describe differing implicit and explicit attitudes toward the same object.

attitude

Self-serving bias has been known to help people _________, __________, _________.

avoid depression, buffer stress, buffer anxiety.

Research has shown that our self-esteem motivation is a motivator in increasing our self-serving _______.

bias

Which of the following are affected when we engage in effortful self-control?

blood sugar, energy reserves

Giving priority to the goals of a group rather than individual goals is an example of _______________.

collectivism

Brennen has entered middle school and is asking himself, "Who am I?" Brennen is demonstrating the identification of his self-_________.

concept

Individuals who exert self-control in all areas of their day, such as eating vegetables instead of cake, deplete their limited willpower and self's energy. Later in the day, their stamina will probably ___________.

decrease

Alcoholics Anonymous has a slogan that "if three people say you have a tail, you should take a look." This constructive criticism is a method of using ________ pessimism.

defensive

The overall evaluation of ourselves is our self-_______.

esteem

A __________ effect may occur when we behave well or successfully, which makes us think our talents and moral behaviors are relatively unusual.

false uniqueness

In research comparing people in general, most people see themselves as being ____________, __________,_________.

friendlier, more ethical, better looking

People are often nervous about public speaking and think that others will detect their anxiety. This concern stems from which social phenomenon?

illusion of transparency

When we fear that our annoyance or attraction to another person will be easily detected by others, this is called ____________ __ ___________.

illusion of transparency

Overestimating the enduring impact of emotion-causing events is identified as ________________ bias.

impact

Recent research appears to show that rates of narcissism in the United States have ____________ ____________.

increased significantly

During adolescence individuals achieve self-reliance, and they should be able to separate from their parents and have a clear definition of their _______________ self.

independent

Children of the U.S. being given unique names is a modern change in society and an example of a growing change in ________.

individualism

Danny demonstrates a high level of self-efficacy through which of the following?

successfulness, positive thinking, persistence

Karen is sure her children will all graduate from college, earn six-figure incomes, and live a happy life with zero problems. Karen is demonstrating ____________ optimism.

unrealistic

Children raised in what country would be more apt to express themselves through personal writings, choices, and purchases?

western cultures = USA

Our self-concept makes use of our ability to know ____________.

who we are, our previous experiences, our gender behaviors


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