Social psychology exam 3

A. More likely to participate in the drug study.

An individual is deciding whether or not to participate in a trial testing a new drug. He knows that his participation comes with some risk, but he is leaning toward participating in the study. He decides to spend his time in the waiting room discussing the options with others who are also considering serving as participants in the same drug testing study. Following this discussion, are the individuals more or less likely to participate in the study than before the discussion? A. More likely to participate in the drug study. B. Less likely to participate in the drug study. C. Likely no change to their chances of participating.

B. The peripheral

Katrine is watching a television commercial. She is moved by the speaker's seeming credibility and his ability to speak at length on the new product. She also notes that he is highly attractive. Katrine is likely being influenced by ________ route(s). A. the central B. the peripheral C. both D. neither

A. Informational social influence.

The first time you visit the college cafeteria you carefully watch others to see where to get the trays, food, utensils, make payment, etc. This is an example of: A. Informational social influence. B. Normative social influence.

Mere exposure

The tendency for novel stimuli to be liked more or rated more positively after the rater has been repeatedly exposed to them.

C. It depends on difficulty of the task

You are about to perform a task as requested by your psychology instructor. You want to impress your professor by doing the task as quickly as possible. What condition should you select for performing this task? A. Perform the task by yourself B. Perform the task in front of an audience C. It depends on difficulty of the task D. Either one--the presence or absence of others will make no difference.

B. Induce moderate amount of fear.

You are designing a series of persuasive messages targeted to junior high and high school students to encourage them to avoid smoking. You would like to instill some fear in the message as you believe this will grab their attention. What level of fear will lead to the greatest amount of persuasion? A. Induce small amount of fear. B. Induce moderate amount of fear. C. Induce large amount of fear. D. None of the above will be effective.

A. Informational social influence

A young child on a carnival ride feels a bit distressed as the ride begins. He looks to his mother and sees she is smiling widely and waving at him. He relaxes and enjoys the ride. The child has been influenced by: A. Informational social influence. B. Normative social influence.

A. People will do better on difficult tasks when alone.

According to research on social facilitation, which of the following are true: A. People will do better on difficult tasks when alone. B. People will do better on difficult tasks when in front of others C. People will do better on easy tasks when alone. D. None of the above.

A. Informational social influence.

Conforming because we believe that other people better know how to behave in the situation is: A. Informational social influence. B. Normative social influence.

B. Normative social influence.

Conforming because we want to be accepted by others is: A. Informational social influence. B. Normative social influence.

Normative influence

Conformity based on a person's desire to fulfill others' expectations, often to gain acceptance.

Informational influence

Conformity occurring when people accept evidence about reality provided by other people.

Compliance techniques

Conformity that involves publicly acting in accord with an implied or explicit request while privately disagreeing.

C. Practice counterarguments before entering the sales pitch meeting.

You have reluctantly agreed to go with a friend to what you expect to be a high pressured sales pitch to purchase a timeshare property. You know in advance that you don't want to buy the timeshare, but you are worried that you might succumb to a high pressured sales pitch. What strategy should you employ to help you resist the persuasive appeal? A. Have someone threaten you if you purchase the property. B. Have faith in your ability to withstand the persuasive attempt. C. Practice counterarguments before entering the sales pitch meeting. D. Rely on your friend's actions to determine how best to proceed.

B. The peripheral route

You want to persuade your fellow classmates to endorse a particular candidate running for student government. You know that most students aren't very motivated by these elections and have lots of other demands on their time. What route to persuasion are you best advised to use in this situation? A. The central route B. The peripheral route C. Both routes D. Neither route

A. When each person's strength is measured individually

Your fraternity is competing in a strength contest against another fraternity. Each house will select ten members whose strength will be measured by the force they exert when pulling a rope. Under what conditions will the 20 men exert the most force? A. When each person's strength is measured individually B. When the two teams compete head to head in a tug of war

Group polarization

Group-produced enhancement of members' preexisting tendencies; a strengthening of the members' average tendency, not a split within the group.

B. Help her practice saying "no" to peer pressure situations

Imagine you are the parent of a preteen daughter. You want to assure that she will not start drinking alcohol. What is the best strategy to use? A. Let her decide for herself the best course of action. B. Help her practice saying "no" to peer pressure situations. C. Forbid her to drink and threaten strong punishments if she is caught. D. None of the above are proven effective.

B. Private acceptance; public compliance

Informational social influence leads to_____ and normative social influence leads to _____. A. private acceptance; private acceptance B. private acceptance; public compliance C. public compliance; public compliance D. public compliance; private acceptance

Deindividuation

Loss of self-awareness and evaluation apprehension; occurs in group situations that foster responsiveness to group norms, good or bad.

Central route

Occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts.

Peripheral route

Occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness.

Social facilitation theory

Original meaning: the tendency of people to perform a simple or well-learned tasks better when others are present. Current meaning: the strengthening of dominance responses in the presence of others.

B. Informational social influence.

Sherif's study of the autokinetic effect and people's estimates of the distance the light moved best exemplifies: A. Normative social influence. B. Informational social influence.

Cognitive dissonance

Tension that arises when one is simultaneously aware of two inconsistent cognitions. For example, dissonance may occur when we realize that we have, with little justification, acted contrary to our attitudes or made a decision favoring one alternative despite reasons favoring another.

C. Arousal

The findings that the presence of others can improve our performance on easy tasks and impair our performance on difficult tasks has been attributed to: A. Misattribution. B. Cognitive dissonance. C. Arousal. D. Groupthink.

Groupthink

The mode of thinking that persons engage in when concurrence seeking becomes so dominant in a cohesive in-group that it tends to override realistic appraisal of alternative courses of action.

Social loafing

The tendency for people to exert less effort when they pool their efforts toward a common goal than when they are individually accountable.

Self-perception

The theory that when we are unsure of our attitudes, we infer them much as would someone observing us, by looking at our behavior and the circumstances under which it occurs.

D. All of the above are mistakes associated with groupthink.

Which of the following are mistakes groups make when they are in a pattern of groupthink? A. Fails to consider full range of alternatives. B. Does not develop contingency plans. C. Does not adequately consider risks. D. All of the above are mistakes associated with groupthink.

A. 30 seconds

You are a social psychologist conducting a study on social facilitation. One of your participants has just completed the easy task of placing 50 tacks into a cup in 38 seconds. He did this in a room by himself. How long should you expect it to take him when he does the same task in front of an audience? A. 30 seconds B. 38 seconds C. 45 seconds D. There is no basis for a prediction.

A. Assign each individual a group participation grade based on their own performance.

You are a teacher and want to assign a group project. Which of the following should help prevent social loafing? A. Assign each individual a group participation grade based on their own performance. B. Keep the group size at least of 6 or more. C. Remind them that they will perform and be graded as a group. D. All of the above should help prevent social loafing.

B. Seeking opinions of other dorm residents not on the committee.

You are the head of your dorm's social committee. Dorm events in past years have been notoriously poorly attended, and you want to be sure you make good decisions when planning the events for this year. When you organize the committee, what behaviors are most likely to lead to good decisions? A. Making your preferences known to the committee members. B. Seeking opinions of other dorm residents not on the committee. C. Promoting a feeling of unity among the committee members. D. Ask committee members to take a stand and defend their positions to the rest of the group.