Social Psychology Test 2 Review
Which strategy for reducing conflict is designed to be used to assist with deescalating conflict between two warring nations/groups?
GRIT
How were the participants in the Stanford Prison Study deindividuated?
All of the above (those arrested were blindfolded, those arrested were fingerprinted, and the guards wore sunglasses)
Kim is an American but spent much of her childhood in Japan. She is fluent in both English and Japanese. We might reasonably expect her response to the question "Who am I?" to differ depending on the language (Japanese or English) of the question because
A particular language might activate different self-concepts for bilingual people
Attempts to define apparently questionable conduct as actually in line with cultural norms
Aligning actions
Where does self-esteem come from?
All of the above (parent-child relationships, performance feedback, and social comparisons)
Imposing roles or identities on another
Alter-casting
According to the elaboration-likelihood and the heuristic-systematic models of persuasion, the two key factors that will determine whether we engage in effortful or effortless processing of information are one's
Capacity to process information and level of motivation
____ describes the ability to hear your name even when distracted by another conversation and noise
Cocktail party effect
A campaign manager has advised the candidate he represents to make sure there is a "spontaneous" demonstration of support for him during the candidate's next major speech. Given that the candidate relies on his audience's peripheral processing of his emotion-laden persuasive messages, the demonstration is useful because
Distractions can increase the persuasiveness of a speech
Which of the following is NOT an example of what women are more likely than men to do to appear likeable
Dress provocatively
We have a tendency to overestimate the strength and duration of our emotional reactions because of:
Durability bias
Which modality is the most effective when trying to persuade attitude change?
Face-to-face
Group polarization involves the tendency of
Group members to shift toward more extreme positions than those they initially held as a result of group discussion
John has violated a norm in his ________ group, while Li Qing has violated one in her ________ group. We would more likely expect ________ for John, and ________ for Li Qing
Individualist; collectivist; approval; disapproval
Aligning your opinion with someone else's or saying good things about the person to gain favor or acceptance
Ingratiation
Upon meeting his biology professor for the first time, James says that he has read all of the professor's books, that they were some of the best books he's ever read, and that they were a catalyst for his choosing to study biology. James is employing the tactic of
Ingratiation
Individuals who are exposed to opposing arguments and refute them, are later more resistant to persuasion. This phenomenon is called:
Inoculation theory
In a study where researchers were trying to convince participants that World War II would last two more years, participants were either given a one-sided or two-sided message. Which of the following was true?
Participants who were initially skeptical were more persuaded by two-sided messages
According to social facilitation theories, people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors can be affected by the (a)
Presence of others
Assume you have a negative stereotype of fraternity/sorority members as "stuck-up." Given an IAT with photos labeled "fraternity member" or "independent," and paired with the word "bad" or "good," your responses to the fraternity member/bad combination would likely be ________ than to independent/bad combinations
Quicker
The answer to the question, "Who am I?" is:
Self-concept
Lilah believes she is competent in most situations to handle whatever comes up. Lilah has high
Self-efficacy
Protecting one's self-image with behaviors that create a handy excuse for later failure is:
Self-handicapping
The act of expressing oneself in ways designed to create a favorable impression is:
Self-presentation
Jeremy is an actor who specializes in comedy. His friends persuade him to perform at a venue that specializes in audience-led improvisation, meaning that the audience chooses the subject matter for the actors. During the performance, Jeremy performs better than he ever has during comedic scenes, but performs more terribly than he ever has in serious dramatic scenes requiring strong emotion. Jeremy's overall performance can be explained by
The drive theory of social facilitation
Norms are
The rules within a group that indicate how its members should or should not behave
The phenomena where a person experiences delayed persuasion after the person forgets who communicated a message is called:
The sleeper effect
Which hormone is responsible for making men less agreeable than women?
Testosterone
Which message is more persuasive?
A message that incorporates a mediate level of fear and reassuring instructions on how to eliminate the anxiety
Quentin is a devout religious follower. The holy books of the religion Quentin subscribes to strongly advocate helping the poor. However, Quentin believes that the poor simply need to work harder, and he refuses to offer them any assistance. Quentin's reaction to the poor is a form of
Cognitive dissonance
Approval for a new light rail has been granted by a major city. Those on the project are excited to begin, as they have been planning the project for many years now. However, not long before the first day of work on the project, one of the team members notices a critical flaw in the business plan for the project. He can't believe no one noticed it before, as the error is so large that it puts the entire project in jeopardy. He pleads his case to the project manager and the financial committee, but everyone he speaks to is so committed to the project that they refuse to look at his evidence. He eventually quits, as he doesn't want to work for a team besieged by
Groupthink
A CEO of a Midwestern company gave a press briefing and espoused some fairly restrictive regulations aimed at reducing carbon emissions and water pollution. His excellent credibility was probably due to the fact that
He is CEO of a chemical company
Sometimes the harder we try to inhibit a thought, feeling, or behavior, the less likely we are to succeed. This is called:
Ironic processes
Next week, there will be a debate on campus. The topic of the debate will be, "Is Climate Change a Threat?" The debate will have three participants: Jim, a scientist from Harvard University; Caroline, a science writer from the Huffington Post; Ed, a conservative representative on the House Science Committee; and Janet, a science historian. Who will likely be more persuasive during the debate and why?
Jim, because his educational and professional background lend him credibility
Charles Cooley described the concept of forming a self-concept based on reflected appraisal from imagining how we look to other people called:
Looking-glass self
Controlling your appearance to be perceived a certain way (e.g., using props or claiming associates)
Managing appearance
Cognitive dissonance arises when we notice a discrepancy between our attitudes and our behaviors. One way we can reduce the dissonance is by
Modifying either the attitude or the behavior to be more consistent with each other
Integrative agreements
Provide greater joint benefits than simple compromise
Lizzie is chronically concerned with her public image and adjusts her actions to fit the needs of the situation. This is an example of:
Self-monitoring
One's position or rank within a group is one's
Status
There is a three-person Editorial department at Luscious Literature, a literary journal. Tom is an editorial assistant, Kara is a senior editor, and Helen is a managing editor. The team members differ in
Status
Jason has been listening to a talk show concerning animal rights. This is an issue that he cares deeply about and he is very knowledgeable about the topic. Jason is most likely to be persuaded by
Strong, convincing arguments
An advertising company has been hired by the Centers for Disease Control to produce TV commercials to increase awareness of breast cancer in males. Advertising executives are considering three different commercials. The first features actual patients who describe the pain they experienced from the disease. The second focuses on medical doctors discussing early detection strategies and treatment options. The third shows grieving family members surrounding a grave. Which is likely to be more effective at changing men's behavior?
The second, focusing on specific information that will reduce fear
What happened on the second day of the Stanford Prison Experiment?
Prisoner's rioted
John is learning to play the guitar. He is in the process of mastering several new songs. From the perspective of Zajonc's drive theory of social facilitation, John should practice
Alone until mastery is achieved, and then perform in the presence of others
Omri, in his professional association, serves informally as a kind of "father confessor," listening attentively to members of that group. This best reflects ________ in (of) the group
His role