Social Psychology Test 2 Review

Which strategy for reducing conflict is designed to be used to assist with deescalating conflict between two warring nations/groups?

GRIT

How were the participants in the Stanford Prison Study deindividuated?

All of the above (those arrested were blindfolded, those arrested were fingerprinted, and the guards wore sunglasses)

Kim is an American but spent much of her childhood in Japan. She is fluent in both English and Japanese. We might reasonably expect her response to the question "Who am I?" to differ depending on the language (Japanese or English) of the question because

A particular language might activate different self-concepts for bilingual people

Attempts to define apparently questionable conduct as actually in line with cultural norms

Aligning actions

Where does self-esteem come from?

All of the above (parent-child relationships, performance feedback, and social comparisons)

Imposing roles or identities on another

Alter-casting

According to the elaboration-likelihood and the heuristic-systematic models of persuasion, the two key factors that will determine whether we engage in effortful or effortless processing of information are one's

Capacity to process information and level of motivation

____ describes the ability to hear your name even when distracted by another conversation and noise

Cocktail party effect

A campaign manager has advised the candidate he represents to make sure there is a "spontaneous" demonstration of support for him during the candidate's next major speech. Given that the candidate relies on his audience's peripheral processing of his emotion-laden persuasive messages, the demonstration is useful because

Distractions can increase the persuasiveness of a speech

Which of the following is NOT an example of what women are more likely than men to do to appear likeable

Dress provocatively

We have a tendency to overestimate the strength and duration of our emotional reactions because of:

Durability bias

Which modality is the most effective when trying to persuade attitude change?

Face-to-face

Group polarization involves the tendency of

Group members to shift toward more extreme positions than those they initially held as a result of group discussion

John has violated a norm in his ________ group, while Li Qing has violated one in her ________ group. We would more likely expect ________ for John, and ________ for Li Qing

Individualist; collectivist; approval; disapproval

Aligning your opinion with someone else's or saying good things about the person to gain favor or acceptance

Ingratiation

Upon meeting his biology professor for the first time, James says that he has read all of the professor's books, that they were some of the best books he's ever read, and that they were a catalyst for his choosing to study biology. James is employing the tactic of

Ingratiation

Individuals who are exposed to opposing arguments and refute them, are later more resistant to persuasion. This phenomenon is called:

Inoculation theory

In a study where researchers were trying to convince participants that World War II would last two more years, participants were either given a one-sided or two-sided message. Which of the following was true?

Participants who were initially skeptical were more persuaded by two-sided messages

According to social facilitation theories, people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors can be affected by the (a)

Presence of others

Assume you have a negative stereotype of fraternity/sorority members as "stuck-up." Given an IAT with photos labeled "fraternity member" or "independent," and paired with the word "bad" or "good," your responses to the fraternity member/bad combination would likely be ________ than to independent/bad combinations

Quicker

The answer to the question, "Who am I?" is:

Self-concept

Lilah believes she is competent in most situations to handle whatever comes up. Lilah has high

Self-efficacy

Protecting one's self-image with behaviors that create a handy excuse for later failure is:

Self-handicapping

The act of expressing oneself in ways designed to create a favorable impression is:

Self-presentation

Jeremy is an actor who specializes in comedy. His friends persuade him to perform at a venue that specializes in audience-led improvisation, meaning that the audience chooses the subject matter for the actors. During the performance, Jeremy performs better than he ever has during comedic scenes, but performs more terribly than he ever has in serious dramatic scenes requiring strong emotion. Jeremy's overall performance can be explained by

The drive theory of social facilitation

Norms are

The rules within a group that indicate how its members should or should not behave

The phenomena where a person experiences delayed persuasion after the person forgets who communicated a message is called:

The sleeper effect

Which hormone is responsible for making men less agreeable than women?

Testosterone

Which message is more persuasive?

A message that incorporates a mediate level of fear and reassuring instructions on how to eliminate the anxiety

Quentin is a devout religious follower. The holy books of the religion Quentin subscribes to strongly advocate helping the poor. However, Quentin believes that the poor simply need to work harder, and he refuses to offer them any assistance. Quentin's reaction to the poor is a form of

Cognitive dissonance

Approval for a new light rail has been granted by a major city. Those on the project are excited to begin, as they have been planning the project for many years now. However, not long before the first day of work on the project, one of the team members notices a critical flaw in the business plan for the project. He can't believe no one noticed it before, as the error is so large that it puts the entire project in jeopardy. He pleads his case to the project manager and the financial committee, but everyone he speaks to is so committed to the project that they refuse to look at his evidence. He eventually quits, as he doesn't want to work for a team besieged by

Groupthink

A CEO of a Midwestern company gave a press briefing and espoused some fairly restrictive regulations aimed at reducing carbon emissions and water pollution. His excellent credibility was probably due to the fact that

He is CEO of a chemical company

Sometimes the harder we try to inhibit a thought, feeling, or behavior, the less likely we are to succeed. This is called:

Ironic processes

Next week, there will be a debate on campus. The topic of the debate will be, "Is Climate Change a Threat?" The debate will have three participants: Jim, a scientist from Harvard University; Caroline, a science writer from the Huffington Post; Ed, a conservative representative on the House Science Committee; and Janet, a science historian. Who will likely be more persuasive during the debate and why?

Jim, because his educational and professional background lend him credibility

Charles Cooley described the concept of forming a self-concept based on reflected appraisal from imagining how we look to other people called:

Looking-glass self

Controlling your appearance to be perceived a certain way (e.g., using props or claiming associates)

Managing appearance

Cognitive dissonance arises when we notice a discrepancy between our attitudes and our behaviors. One way we can reduce the dissonance is by

Modifying either the attitude or the behavior to be more consistent with each other

Integrative agreements

Provide greater joint benefits than simple compromise

Lizzie is chronically concerned with her public image and adjusts her actions to fit the needs of the situation. This is an example of:

Self-monitoring

One's position or rank within a group is one's

Status

There is a three-person Editorial department at Luscious Literature, a literary journal. Tom is an editorial assistant, Kara is a senior editor, and Helen is a managing editor. The team members differ in

Status

Jason has been listening to a talk show concerning animal rights. This is an issue that he cares deeply about and he is very knowledgeable about the topic. Jason is most likely to be persuaded by

Strong, convincing arguments

An advertising company has been hired by the Centers for Disease Control to produce TV commercials to increase awareness of breast cancer in males. Advertising executives are considering three different commercials. The first features actual patients who describe the pain they experienced from the disease. The second focuses on medical doctors discussing early detection strategies and treatment options. The third shows grieving family members surrounding a grave. Which is likely to be more effective at changing men's behavior?

The second, focusing on specific information that will reduce fear

What happened on the second day of the Stanford Prison Experiment?

Prisoner's rioted

John is learning to play the guitar. He is in the process of mastering several new songs. From the perspective of Zajonc's drive theory of social facilitation, John should practice

Alone until mastery is achieved, and then perform in the presence of others

Omri, in his professional association, serves informally as a kind of "father confessor," listening attentively to members of that group. This best reflects ________ in (of) the group

His role