Social Studies - South American Revolutions

Independence

1. Argentina declared independence in 1816 2. 1817: San Martin marched his army across the Andes in Chile .3. drived Spanish out of Argentina 4. Met Bernardo O'Higgins: son of former vicercy of Peru 5. joined with O'Higgins and together they freed Chile 6. consolidated Spanish Army in Peru

Jose de San Martin

1. Born in Argentina 2. trained and served in Spain as career soldier, Spanish 3. going to have a more military background than others army 4. brought his military skills to fight for independence in South America

Simon Bolivar: sources

1. Simon Bolivar and his army came to Venezuela to destroy the Spaniards, protect the Americans, and reastablish the republican governments. He has come to liberate the Americans from the Spanish. They were not going to impose laws or carry out acts of conquest. 2. Bolivar says he will deal with the Spanish by opening to them a path to friendships. He says the Spanish are invited to live peacefully with him, only if they speak against their crimes and change their ways. If the spanish do not do this, they will be considered an enemy and punished, or even shot. The Americans are forgiven and liberated. 3. Simon Bolivar's goal was liberation. He wanted freedom from the absolutist government as well as freedom from a colonial power and independence. He wanted legal equality for all men (any class or color). He believed the government should be responsible for the people. 4. Bolivar watched as America became chaotic and an anarchy. Each person wanted complete power for himself and refused to rank lower their own desires fo the greater good. All of this led to uprisings and rebellions. 5. Bolivar viewed elctions as something to be avoided because its the greatest menace of republics/countires and only produces a chatoic government/anarchy/with little order and constant rebellions - didn't trust people. 6. the "tradegy" of Simon Bolivar was that he moved from being a president to a dictator. Despite his search for reforms and freedom, Bolivar fell into personal authority and became a dictator. In the constitution, it made him able to choose his successor. 7. While Simon Bolivar wanted freedom from the absolutist government, he soon became a dictator, and showed that he was a bad leader. 8. Venezuela chose to name their currency after Simon Bolivar and countries in both Europe and North America also have statues of Simon Bolivar--show he was a well-respected, highly remembered leader.

Simon Bolivar

1. Venezuelan statesman who led the revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule 2. wealty Venezuelan Creole (below peninsulares) 3. Venezuela declares its freedom from Spain in 1811 4. Bolivar's army had several defeatd 5. Bolivar went into exile twice

A turning point...

1. in 1819, Bolivar led 2,000+ soldiers through the Andes moutains 2. the troops were in Venezuela, they crossed the Andes mountains with the army, and surprised the Spanish in present day Bogota, Colombia 3. won an important victory and looked to the rest of South America 4. pushed the Spanish until defeated in Peru 5. Freed Venezuel, Colombia, and Ecuador

Freeing South America

1. needed a large force to rid Peru of Spanish rule for good 2. San Martin met with Bolivar in Ecuador 3. San Martin left his army with Bolivar and sailed back to Europe--lived there for the rest of his life 4. 1824: Bolivar defeated the Spanish in Peru 5. Spanish no longer colonial power in South America 6. Spanish does hold on to few colonies in Caribbean 7. Simon Bolivar became the leading figure in South America politics after Spain was defeated

Government of South America countries after revolution, conditions of people, and change

After Spain was defeated, the Spanish no longer had any colonial power in South America, but they did in the Caribbean. San Martin was not involved in the freeing of South America from Spain. Simon Bolivar became the leading figure in South America politics after the defeat of Spain. The freed continent separated into individual countries--Peru, Venezuela, Chile, Argentia, Colombia, and Ecuador. The conditions of the people in South America after revolutions was not mentioned in the notes. The countries of South America each have developed different types of governments, most of them having a republic. Bolivar became a dictator.

How did Napoleon's actions in Europe affect Spanish South America?

Napoleon was defeated by the time the South America wanted to gain independence from Spain. By putting his brother on the throne of Spain, he probably caused the Spanish to feel some sort of resentment towards him and also decrease their power. They had no loyalty to a French king. The Spanish may have relied on their colonies in South America as a result. That is what caused the Spanish to feel very desperate when wanting to conquer the South America as a whole.