Sociology 1 Chapter 10 Notes
family, school, peers, media
4 main agents of socialization
homophobia
A fear of or discrimination toward homosexuals or toward individuals who display purportedly gender-inappropriate behavior
men's rights movement
A group that feels that feminism creates disadvantages for men
pro-feminist men's movement
A group that feels that sexism harms both men and women and wants to fundamentally change society's ideas about gender
intersexed, hermaphroditic
About 17 babies in 1,000 are born ________ or ______________.
conflict theorists
According to ________ _________, men have historically had access to most of society's material resources and privileges. Therefore, it is in their interest to try to maintain their dominant position.
queer theory
Adherents to _____ ______ reject the genetic model of sexual orientation as unduly limiting the diversity of possible identities
sex and gender
Affect almost every significant aspect of our lives
feminism
The belief in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes and the social movements organized around that belief
first wave
The earliest period of feminist activism that was organized around gaining voting rights for women
feminization of poverty
The economic trend showing that women are more likely than men to live in poverty, due in part to the gendered gap in wages, the higher proportion of single mothers compared to single fathers, and the increasing cost of childcare
sexual orientation
The inclination to feel sexual desire toward people of a particular gender or toward both genders
gender role socialization
The lifelong process of learning to be masculine or feminine, primarily through four main agents of socialization: families, schools, peers, and the media
third wave
The most recent period of feminist activity that focuses on issues of diversity and the variety of identities that women can possess
suffrage movement
The movement that was organized to gain voting rights for women
second wave
The period of feminist activity during the 1960s and 1970s often associated with the issues of women's equal access to employment and education
homosexuality
The tendency to feel sexual desire toward members of one's own gender
gender inequality
unequal distribution of opportunities and valuable resources (jobs, income, education, etc.) based on gender
functionalists
generally believe that there are social roles better suited to one gender than the other, and that societies are more stable when certain tasks are fulfilled by the appropriate sex
sex
refers to an individual's membership in one of two biologically distinct categories—male or female
Gender
refers to the physical, behavioral, and personality traits that a group considers normal for its male and female members
male liberationism
Men's movement that originated in the 1970s to discuss the challenges of masculinity
constructionist
Most sociologists use a _______________ approach and see gender as a social construction and acknowledge the possibility that the male-female categories are not the only way of classifying individuals.
language and vocabulary
Our ________ and __________ tend to reflect a hierarchal system of gender inequality
babies
Through social learning, the process of learning behaviors and meanings through social interaction, ______ respond to and internalize the expectations of those around them
civil unions
While most Americans oppose gay marriage, many say they would support _____ ______
essentialists
believe gender roles have a genetic or biological origin and cannot be changed
Talcott Parsons
believed that men were more suited to take on an instrumental role and women were more suited to take on an expressive role
interactionists
emphasize how the concept of gender is socially constructed, maintained, and reproduced in our everyday lives
expressive role
the position of the family member who provides emotional support and nurturing
instrumental role
the position of the family member who provides the family's material support and is often an authority figure
