Sociology

values-

the standards by which people define what is good or bad, beautiful and ugly, right and wrong

non material culture

thinking, beliefs,values and doing common practices example- appropriate behavior

research model

topic define issue reseacrh form hypothesis select research method collect analyze results

why study sociology

understand human behavior change human behavior guide politicians and aid in public good

ethnocentrism

use own culture as benchmark to judge others

kohlberg stages

0-6 amoral stage 7-10 preconventional stages, learning rules and follow them to get reward 10- conventional stage able to follow rules, develop morality, right vs wrong post conventional- abstract thinking begin to judge others

mead stages

1. imitation 2 play- age 3-6.. pretend to take on roles of specific people 3. team games- organized play learnt o play mutipke roles

three steps to looking glass self

1.imagine how we appear to those around us 2. interpret others relations 3.develop self concept

freud

ID, Ego and supergo

Human bonding

Must happen at young age, we adapt but can reach the point of no return examples: girl scouts, boy scouts, little league

Result of Moral Holiday

Sanctions- good or bad

Moral Holiday

When is it okay to break the rules

counterculture

a subculture that attacks a core value or beliefs e

self concept is not always

accurate

example of cultural diffusion

airplane travel, internet

george carlin

anyone driving slower than you is an idiot, anyone faster is a maniac, common bond (bring culture close together) can lead to discrimination

gender socialization

are men and women different? in media, women passive and men violent

Ego

balancing force between id and and demands of society, balance id and superego

ID

basic drives, food shelter sex

sociobiology

bio plays role in behavior but is it the sole factor

sex

biological differences penis and vagina

gestures

body movements used to communicate

herbert specncer

charles darwin, social darwinism, survival of the fittest,adaptation

looking glass self

charles horton cooley , process our self develops through internalizing others reaction to us

Hmong

concept of culture shock

ideal culture vs real culture

conflicts and contradictions don't always do what we say

superego

conscience, moral concept, impact of culture and subculture on us

conflict theory

constant fight among groups for scarce resources marx, weber marcosociology

norms

cultures rules of behavior to be consistent with our values, sanction- response can be positive or negative

Jean piaget

development of reasoning

folkway-

dirty look from not golding the door

Value contradiction

equality- blacks and women thou shall not kill abortion and death penalty environment -cars

lawrence kohlberg

expanded on piaget, development of morality

example of culture lag

farming and nine month school year

Examples of moral holiday

flash breasts- okay in new orleans for Mardi gras over indulge during super bowl

language

forms of communication, to convey ideas, recall history, teach lessons, share feelings,make change plans, strategies for future

jane adams

founder of american civil liberties union, activities for children's and women's rights

example of counter culture

gangs, drug, religious groups

mores

get a strong response pushing you to get by

social environment

human environment, everything around us

Nature vs nuture

id twins, many differences, many similarities

manifest v latent function

intended consequence v unintended consequence ex of school, goal is to teach yet played major role in cultural messages

taboo

jail, death, banishment

culture

language beliefs norms behavior and matieral objects that characterize a group, passed from one generation to the next

example of social environment

language, human bonding

culture leveling

leveling out of other cultures

macrosociology

look at large groups and large scale patterns

microsociology

look at small groups and trends for studies

karl marx

marxism, analyze class conflict, promote revolution of proletariat against bourgeoisie

Gender

masculinit, feminity, proper behavior and attitudes

material culture

material objects that distinguish a group of people art buildings weapons machines

examples of agents of socialization

neighborhood religion, day care, school peer groups, work

culture lag

not all societies get technology at same rate

example of subculture

occupation, religion, music

problem with freud and kohlberg

only studied males, male is normal

agents of socialization

people in your life, affect self concept, attitudes, behaviors etc

society

people who share a culture and territory

august comte

positivism french revolution, social upheave; goal- reform society and make it a better place to live

functional anaylsis

robert merton-Analyze functions in society example: everyone had duties and chores, divorce not an option, suicide was not an option, everyone needed everyone MACROSOCIOLOGY

folkways/mores/taboos

rules of a society and culture , each is increasing in import ace

sociology

scientific study of society and human behavior

piaget stages

sensorimotor- everything is new and exciting, can't understand peek a boo preoperational stages 2-7, start to use symbols but can't do math or spell , reasoning is flawed sydney hot lava concrete operational- can play team games, good reasoning but concrete, feather will break glass formal operational- can think abstractly, solve problems

Subcultures

small part of your life

things that impact our lives

social class, education, jobs incomee, race, ethnicity, age, religion, schools, activities,

cultural diffusion

spreading of cultural traits through world

example of research methods

surveys, observation, case study, secondary analysis

symbolic interaction

symbols have meaning in our lives,example marriage and divorce microbiology

george herbert mead

take the role of the other, allow us to understand others, see their view and predict behavior