Sociology Ch. 1 Review

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random

30. type of sample ensures that every member of the population has an equal chance at being included?

consensus

According to functionalists, what holds society together?

interactionist perspective

How individuals interact with one another in society is the main focus of which sociological perspective?

Functionalist, Conflict, Interactionist

List the theoretical perspectives of sociology

Questionnaires and interviews

Surveys can involve collecting data in what two ways?

dependent and independent

What are the two types of scientific variables?

Social statics

What did Auguste Comte call the processes that hold society together?

Sociology

What do we call the study of human society and social behavior?

Psychology

What do we call the study of mental processes and behavior?

participant observation

What form of observational study involves researchers becoming directly involved in an investigation?

unintended and unrecognized consequence of an element of society

What is a latent function?

observable fact or event that involves human society

What is a social phenomenon?

a characteristic that can differ in a measurable way

What is a variable?

manifest function

What is an intended and recognized consequence of some element of a society?

analyzing sociological phenomena from the past

What is involved in the historical method?

study of the organization and operation of governments

What is political science?

behavior is not affected by the presence of a researcher

What is the advantage of using detached observation to collect data?

anthropology

What is the comparative study of past and present cultures?

ignored the writings of other sociologists

What was involved in Auguste Comte's practice of "cerebral hygiene"?

Charles Darwin

Which biologist strongly influenced the views of Herbert Spencer?

conflict

Which perspective focuses on forces in society that promote competition and change?

feminist perspective

Which perspective focuses on gender inequality?

functionalist perspective

Which perspective views society as a set of interrelated parts that work together to produce a stable social system?

Émile Durkheim

Which scientist conducted a study in 1897 that examined the suicide rates in several European countries?

History

Which social science studies people and events of the past?

Émile Durkheim

Which sociologist noted that ideas about observable phenomena can be tested by using statistical analysis?

Herbert Spencer

Who believed that the best aspects of society would survive over time, and coined the phrase "survival of the fittest"?

Auguste Comte

Who coined the term sociology?

Auguste Comte

Who is considered by many to be the founder of sociology?

capitalists (Owners) and workers

Who were the bourgeoisie and proletariat?

so that the experiment can be repeated by others

Why should scientists include a detailed description of how they conducted their research when they present their conclusions?

correlation

exists when a change in one variable is regularly associated with a change in another variable?

define the problem

the first step of the sociological research process?

empirical

type of evidence can be seen, smelled, tasted, touched, or heard?

an objective, logical, and systematic way of collecting empirical data and arriving at a reasoned conclusion

what is the scientific method?

Jane Addams

who set up Hull House in Chicago to assist the poor?

Karl Marx

who was expelled from Paris because of his ideas on social class and revolution?


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