Sociology Ch. 1 Review
random
30. type of sample ensures that every member of the population has an equal chance at being included?
consensus
According to functionalists, what holds society together?
interactionist perspective
How individuals interact with one another in society is the main focus of which sociological perspective?
Functionalist, Conflict, Interactionist
List the theoretical perspectives of sociology
Questionnaires and interviews
Surveys can involve collecting data in what two ways?
dependent and independent
What are the two types of scientific variables?
Social statics
What did Auguste Comte call the processes that hold society together?
Sociology
What do we call the study of human society and social behavior?
Psychology
What do we call the study of mental processes and behavior?
participant observation
What form of observational study involves researchers becoming directly involved in an investigation?
unintended and unrecognized consequence of an element of society
What is a latent function?
observable fact or event that involves human society
What is a social phenomenon?
a characteristic that can differ in a measurable way
What is a variable?
manifest function
What is an intended and recognized consequence of some element of a society?
analyzing sociological phenomena from the past
What is involved in the historical method?
study of the organization and operation of governments
What is political science?
behavior is not affected by the presence of a researcher
What is the advantage of using detached observation to collect data?
anthropology
What is the comparative study of past and present cultures?
ignored the writings of other sociologists
What was involved in Auguste Comte's practice of "cerebral hygiene"?
Charles Darwin
Which biologist strongly influenced the views of Herbert Spencer?
conflict
Which perspective focuses on forces in society that promote competition and change?
feminist perspective
Which perspective focuses on gender inequality?
functionalist perspective
Which perspective views society as a set of interrelated parts that work together to produce a stable social system?
Émile Durkheim
Which scientist conducted a study in 1897 that examined the suicide rates in several European countries?
History
Which social science studies people and events of the past?
Émile Durkheim
Which sociologist noted that ideas about observable phenomena can be tested by using statistical analysis?
Herbert Spencer
Who believed that the best aspects of society would survive over time, and coined the phrase "survival of the fittest"?
Auguste Comte
Who coined the term sociology?
Auguste Comte
Who is considered by many to be the founder of sociology?
capitalists (Owners) and workers
Who were the bourgeoisie and proletariat?
so that the experiment can be repeated by others
Why should scientists include a detailed description of how they conducted their research when they present their conclusions?
correlation
exists when a change in one variable is regularly associated with a change in another variable?
define the problem
the first step of the sociological research process?
empirical
type of evidence can be seen, smelled, tasted, touched, or heard?
an objective, logical, and systematic way of collecting empirical data and arriving at a reasoned conclusion
what is the scientific method?
Jane Addams
who set up Hull House in Chicago to assist the poor?
Karl Marx
who was expelled from Paris because of his ideas on social class and revolution?