Nervous system
Name the three meninges of the brain.
Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
Name the two divisions of the Nervous system.
Structural and functional
dura mater
Outermost layer of the meninges
Fibers that carry information from the skin, joints, and skeletal muscles to the central nervous system are ________.
Somatic sensory fibers
Classify Nervous system with examples.
Spread throughout the body from the CNS, the PNS is a network of neurons that are classified by the function they provide
One of the major functions of the pons is to control ________.
breathing
Loss of muscle coordination results from damage to the ________.
cerebellum
Unipolar
have short single process leaving the cell body
Control of temperature, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst are functions associated with the ________.
hypothlamus
Multipolar
many extensions from the cell body
What are three divisions of the brain stem?
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
Arachnoid mater
middle layer of the meninges, no blood vessels
The cell bodies of the ________ neurons are always located within the CNS.
motor
Support cells in the central nervous system are collectively called ________
neuroglia
Bipolar
one axon and one dendrite
The hypothalamus regulates the ________ gland.
pituitary
What is diencephalon composed of?
thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
Myelinated fibers (tracts) form ________ matter while unmyelinated fibers form ________ matter.
white matter, gray matter
How many pairs of cranial and spinal nerves are there in human body?
12 cranial and 31 nerves
What are nodes of Ranvier?
A gap in the myelin sheath of a nerve, between adjacent schwann cells
State the function of parasympathetic N.S.
Allows us to unwind and conserve energy
________ reflexes include the secretion of saliva, changes in the size of our pupils, and digestion involve the activities of smooth muscles.
Autonomic reflexes
Define Axon & Dendrite.
Axon - conduct impulses away from the cell body Dendrites - convey message toward the cell body
The major role of the interneuron (association neuron) is to ________.
Connect motor and sensory neurons
What is the main function of hippocampus?
Controls memories
The large fiber tract that allows communication between the two cerebral hemispheres is called the ________.
Corpus callosum
What are neurotransmitters?
Impulses stimulate their release
Pia mater
Innermost layer of the meninges, contains blood vessels
What is Broca's area?
Involved in our ability to speak
What are ganglia?
Mass of nerve tissue, especially nerve celss external to the brain or spinal cord
The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the ________.
Medulla oblongata
The delicate innermost membrane, or meningeal layer, that clings to the surface of the brain and spinal cord is known as the ________ mater.
Pia mater
What are reflexes? Explain the two types of reflexes.
Reflexes - rapid, predictable and involutary response to stimuli. There are two types, autonomic reflexes (regulates activity of smooth muscles, heart, and glands) and somatic reflex (stimulate skeletal muscles)
________ cells form the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS.
Schwann cells
Name the subdivisions of autonomic N.S.
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
The gap between two communicating neurons is termed ________
Synaptic cleft
Define meninges
Three layers pf protective tissue called dura mater, arashnoid mater, and pia mater