Nervous system

Name the three meninges of the brain.

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Name the two divisions of the Nervous system.

Structural and functional

dura mater

Outermost layer of the meninges

Fibers that carry information from the skin, joints, and skeletal muscles to the central nervous system are ________.

Somatic sensory fibers

Classify Nervous system with examples.

Spread throughout the body from the CNS, the PNS is a network of neurons that are classified by the function they provide

One of the major functions of the pons is to control ________.

breathing

Loss of muscle coordination results from damage to the ________.

cerebellum

Unipolar

have short single process leaving the cell body

Control of temperature, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst are functions associated with the ________.

hypothlamus

Multipolar

many extensions from the cell body

What are three divisions of the brain stem?

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Arachnoid mater

middle layer of the meninges, no blood vessels

The cell bodies of the ________ neurons are always located within the CNS.

motor

Support cells in the central nervous system are collectively called ________

neuroglia

Bipolar

one axon and one dendrite

The hypothalamus regulates the ________ gland.

pituitary

What is diencephalon composed of?

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

Myelinated fibers (tracts) form ________ matter while unmyelinated fibers form ________ matter.

white matter, gray matter

How many pairs of cranial and spinal nerves are there in human body?

12 cranial and 31 nerves

What are nodes of Ranvier?

A gap in the myelin sheath of a nerve, between adjacent schwann cells

State the function of parasympathetic N.S.

Allows us to unwind and conserve energy

________ reflexes include the secretion of saliva, changes in the size of our pupils, and digestion involve the activities of smooth muscles.

Autonomic reflexes

Define Axon & Dendrite.

Axon - conduct impulses away from the cell body Dendrites - convey message toward the cell body

The major role of the interneuron (association neuron) is to ________.

Connect motor and sensory neurons

What is the main function of hippocampus?

Controls memories

The large fiber tract that allows communication between the two cerebral hemispheres is called the ________.

Corpus callosum

What are neurotransmitters?

Impulses stimulate their release

Pia mater

Innermost layer of the meninges, contains blood vessels

What is Broca's area?

Involved in our ability to speak

What are ganglia?

Mass of nerve tissue, especially nerve celss external to the brain or spinal cord

The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the ________.

Medulla oblongata

The delicate innermost membrane, or meningeal layer, that clings to the surface of the brain and spinal cord is known as the ________ mater.

Pia mater

What are reflexes? Explain the two types of reflexes.

Reflexes - rapid, predictable and involutary response to stimuli. There are two types, autonomic reflexes (regulates activity of smooth muscles, heart, and glands) and somatic reflex (stimulate skeletal muscles)

________ cells form the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS.

Schwann cells

Name the subdivisions of autonomic N.S.

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

The gap between two communicating neurons is termed ________

Synaptic cleft

Define meninges

Three layers pf protective tissue called dura mater, arashnoid mater, and pia mater