Sociology ch 9, 11, 12

Which of the following is the best explanation of racism as a social fact? a. It needs to be eradicated by laws. b. It is like a magic pill. c. It does not need the actions of individuals to continue. d. None of the above

C. it does not need the actions of individuals to continue

Only women are affected by gender stratification. True False

False

Prior to the 19th Amendment being ratified, women were not considered a legal person on their own. True False

True

Which theoretical perspective stresses the importance of regulating sexual behavior to ensure marital cohesion and family stability? a. Functionalism b. Conflict theory c. Symbolic interactionalism d. Queer theory

a. Functionalism

Which federal act or program was designed to allow more Hispanic American immigration, not block it? a. The Bracero Program b. Immigration Reform and Control Act c. Operation Wetback d. SB 1070

a. The Bracero Program

Occupational prestige means that jobs are: a. all equal in status b. not equally valued c. assigned to a person for life d. not part of a person's self identity

a. all equal in status

The behaviors, customs, and norms associated with a class are known as: a. class traits b. power c. prestige d. underclass

a. class traits

Unlike Davis and Moore, Melvin Tumin believed that, because of social stratification, some qualified people were -- higher-level job opportunities a. denied the opportunity to obtain b. encouraged to train for c. often fired from d. forced into

a. denied the opportunity to obtain

The term _______ refers to society's concept of how men and women are expected to act and how they should behave. a. gender role b. gender bias c. sexual orientation d. sexual attitudes

a. gender role

Amalgamation is represented by the _____________ metaphor. a. melting pot b. Statue of Liberty c. salad bowl d. separate but equal

a. melting pot

In the United States most people define themselves as: a. middle class b. upper class c. lower class d. no defined class

a. middle class

Social stratification is a system that: a. ranks society members into categories b. destroys competition between society members c. allows society members to choose their social standing d. reflects personal choices of society members

a. ranks society members into categories

What factor makes class systems open? a. they allow for movement between the classes b. people are more open-minded c. people are encouraged to socialize within their class d. they do not have clearly defined layers

a. they allow for movement between the classes

In the 115th Congress of the United States, what percentage of the elected officials were women? a. 10.5% b. 21.2% c. 30.4% d. 50%

b. 21.2%

. According to national surveys, most U.S. parents support which type of sex education program in school? a. Abstinence only b. Abstinence plus sexual safety c. Sexual safety without promoting abstinence d. No sex education

b. Abstinence plus sexual safety

Which subordinate group is often referred to as the "model minority?" a. African Americans b. Asian Americans c. White ethnic Americans d. Native Americans

b. Asian Americans

What is discrimination? a. Biased thoughts against an individual or group b. Biased actions against an individual or group c. Belief that a race different from yours is inferior d. Another word for stereotyping

b. Biased actions against an individual or group

To which theoretical perspective does the following statement most likely apply: Women continue to assume the responsibility in the household along with a paid occupation because it keeps the household running smoothly, i.e., at a state of balance? a. Conflict theory b. Functionalism c. Feminist theory d. Symbolic interactionism

b. Functionalism

What intergroup relationship is represented by the "salad bowl" metaphor? a. Assimilation b. Pluralism c. Amalgamation d. Segregation

b. Pluralism

Of these, which country is thought to be the most liberal in its attitudes toward sex? a. United States b. Sweden c. Mexico d. Ireland

b. Sweden

Which statement represents stratification from the perspective of symbolic interactionism? a. men often earn more than women, working the same job b. after work, pat, a janitor, feels more comfortable eating in a truck stop than a french restaurant c. doctors earn more money because their job is more highly valued d. teachers continue to struggle to keep benefits such as health insurance

b. after work, pat, a janitor, feels more comfortable eating in a truck stop than a french restaurant

Which of the following scenarios is an example of intergenerational mobility? a. a janitor belongs to the same social class that his grandmother did b. an executive belongs to a different class than her parents c. an editor shares the same social class as her cousin d. a lawyer belongs to a different class than her sister

b. an executive belongs to a different class than her parents

When Karl Marx said workers experience alienation, he meant that workers: a. must labor alone, without companionship b. do not feel connected to their work c. move from one geographical location to another d. have to put forth self-effort to get ahead

b. do not feel connected to their work

Scapegoat theory shows that: a. subordinate groups blame dominant groups for their problems b. dominant groups blame subordinate groups for their problems c. some people are predisposed to prejudice d. all of the above

b. dominant groups blame subordinate groups for their problems

Which person best illustrates opportunities for upward social mobility in the united states? a. first shift factory worker b. first generation college student c. firstborn son who inherits family business d. first time interviewee who is hired for the job

b. first generation college student

The terms "masculine" and "feminine" refer to a person's _________. a. sex b. gender c. both sex and gender d. none of the above

b. gender

Research indicates that individuals are aware of their sexual orientation _______. a. at infancy b. in early adolescence c. in early adulthood d. in late adulthood

b. in early adolescence

Compared to most Western societies, U.S. sexual attitudes are considered _______. a. conservative b. liberal c. permissive d. free

b. liberal

What factor makes caste systems closed? a. they are run by secretive governments b. people cannot change their social standing c. most have been outlawed d. they exist only in rural areas

b. people cannot change their social standing

Speedy Gonzalez is an example of: a. intersection theory b. stereotyping c. interactionist view d. culture of prejudice

b. stereotyping

Why did most white ethnic Americans come to the United States? a. For a better life b. To escape oppression c. Because they were forced out of their own countries d. a and b only

c. Because they were forced out of their own countries

The idea that gender inequality comes from the division of labor fits with which Sociological theory? a. Symbolic Interactionism b. Functionalism c. Conflict Theory d. Feminist Theory

c. Conflict Theory

Which intergroup relation displays the least tolerance? a. Segregation b. Assimilation c. Genocide d. Expulsion

c. Genocide

Many Arab Americans face _______________, especially after 9/11. a. racism b. segregation c. Islamophobia d. prejudice

c. Islamophobia

What is the one defining feature of a minority group? a. Self-definition b. Numerical minority c. Lack of power d. Strong cultural identity

c. Lack of power

Which of the following is the best example of the role peers play as an agent of socialization for school-aged children? a. Children can act however they wish around their peers because children are unaware of gender roles. b. Peers serve as a support system for children who wish to act outside of their assigned gender roles. c. Peers tend to reinforce gender roles by criticizing and marginalizing those who behave outside of their assigned roles. d. None of the above

c. Peers tend to reinforce gender roles by criticizing and marginalizing those who behave outside of their assigned roles.

Which of the following is the best example of a gender stereotype? a. Women are typically shorter than men. b. Men do not live as long as women. c. Women tend to be overly emotional, while men tend to be levelheaded. d. Men hold more high-earning, leadership jobs than women.

c. Women tend to be overly emotional, while men tend to be levelheaded.

Which statement illustrates low status consistency? a. a suburban family lives in a modest home and enjoys a nice vacation each summer b. a single mother receives food stamps and struggles to find adequate employment c. a college dropout launches an online company and earns millions in its first year d. a celebrity actress owns homes in three countries

c. a college dropout launches an online company and earns millions in its first year.

Structural mobility occurs when: a. an individual moves up the class ladder b. an individual moves down the class ladder c. a large group moves up or down the class ladder due to societal changes d. a member of a family belongs to a different class than he or she's siblings

c. a large group moves up or down the class ladder due to societal changes

The basic premise of the Davis-Moore thesis is that the unequal distribution of rewards in social stratification: a. is an outdated mode of societal organization b. is an artificial reflection of society c. serves a purpose in society d. cannot be justified

c. serves a purpose in society

The GNI PPP figure represents: a. a country's total accumulated wealth b. annual government spending c. the average annual income of a country's citizens d. a country's debt

c. the average annual income of a country's citizens

As a Caucasian in the United States, being reasonably sure that you will be dealing with authority figures of the samerace as you is a result of: a. intersection theory b. conflict theory c. white privilege d. scapegoating theory

c. white privilege

Which of the following is an example of a numerical majority being treated as a subordinate group? a. Jewish people in Germany b. Creoles in New Orleans c. White people in Brazil d. Blacks under apartheid in South Africa

d. Blacks under apartheid in south africa

What doctrine justified legal segregation in the South? a. Jim Crow b. Plessey v. Ferguson c. De jure d. Separate but equal

d. Separate but equal

What makes Native Americans unique as a subordinate group in the United States? a. They are the only group that experienced expulsion. b. They are the only group that was segregated. c. They are the only group that was enslaved. d. They are the only group that did not come here as immigrants

d. They are the only group that did not come here as immigrants

Sociologists associate sexuality with _______. a. a person's capacity for personal attachment b. sexual maturation c. biological factors d. a person's capacity for sexual feelings

d. a person's capacity for sexual feelings

Stereotypes can be based on: a. race b. ethnicity c. gender d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Which of the following factors can affect the pay gap? a. having children b. lower education level c. being married d. all of the above

d. all of the above

According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, we "do gender": a. during half of our activities b. only when they apply to our biological sex c. only if we are actively following gender roles d. all of the time, in everything we do

d. all of the time, in everything we do

Ethnicity describes shared: a. beliefs b. language c. religion d. any of the above

d. any of the above

The racial term "African American" can refer to: a. a black person living in the United States b. people whose ancestors came to the United States through the slave trade c. a white person who originated in Africa and now lives in the United States d. any of the above

d. any of the above

Which of these systems allows for the most social mobility? a. cast b. monarchy c. endogamy d. class

d. class

Based on meritocracy, a physician's assistant would: a. receive the same pay as all other physician assistants b. be encouraged to earn a higher degree to seek a better position c. most likely marry a professional at the same level d. earn a pay raise for doing excellent work

d. earn a pay raise for doing excellent work

Conflict theorists view capitalists as those who: a. are ambitious b. fund social services c. spend money wisely d. get rich while workers stay poor

d. get rich while other stay poor

Which graphic concept best illustrates the concept of social stratification? a. pie chart b. flag poles c. planetary movement d. pyramid

d. pyramid

Misogyny is: a. A certain kind if spa treatment b. One's biological sex c. How we know our gender roles d. the hatred of or, aversion to, or prejudice against women

d. the hatred of or, aversion to, or prejudice against women