sociology chapter 14 quiz

Why is it that in Central Europe and Central Asia, intravenous drug use is responsible for most HIV/AIDS cases, but in sub-Saharan Africa, HIV/AIDS is a general problem spread through the entire population?

HIV/AIDS is a different epidemic depending on where it is.

Mark lives in a densely populated American city and he buys groceries from the nearby corner store. The corner store mostly sells food that is canned or frozen and doesn't have a lot of variety. What can we infer about Mark?

He lives in a food desert.

Which of the following best illustrates a question of sociological interest in regard to medicine, health, and illness?

How does where a person lives impact his or her risk of certain health issues?

________ carry and spread germs in geographic locations around the world.

Vector organisms

Since HIV/AIDS was first identified in the early 1980s, approximately ________ people have died from having contracted the virus.

35,000,000

Researchers often conduct studies on American college students. What is one organization that conducts such research to determine health behaviors and develop support programs and services on a wide variety of health-related issues?

American College Health Association

Why is it important to address that approximately 75 percent of patients die in settings like hospitals instead of at home?

It shows how death has been medicalized.

Is medicine in the United States a social institution?

Yes, because organizations like the American Medical Association set policy and shape definitions of health and illness throughout the nation.

Martha must drive twenty miles to get to the nearest grocery store. She often buys her daily items from a convenience store near her home, where healthy options are hard to come by. A sociologist might describe her neighborhood as __________.

a food desert

In December 2019, an outbreak of a new coronavirus occurred in Wuhan, China, and the virus quickly spread to other countries. By late February 2020, the virus had infected small numbers of people in twenty-four countries and officials became worried that it could spread even further around the world and become __________.

a pandemic

What is an epidemic called when it spreads across national borders, across continents, or around the world?

a pandemic

Sid feels horrible. He goes to his doctor, who tells Sid he has a bad cold and should feel better soon. How would Sid's illness be classified?

acute

Ori went to eat at his favorite restaurant and got food poisoning. His illness was treated right away. This type of illness would be classified as

acute.

What does one call the study of controversial, moral, or ethical issues related to scientific and medical advancements?

bioethics

Emily Rosenbaum (2008) found that it was more common for ________ in New York City to live in substandard housing located in marginalized neighborhoods.

blacks and Hispanics

The 2010 Health Care Reform Act (commonly called the ACA or "Obamacare")

included many insurance reforms and aimed to increase the number of Americans receiving health care.

The Pacific Gas and Electric Company poisoned the water in Hinkley, California. The poisoned water system had sickened many Hinkley, California, residents with ailments like liver damage and cancer. How would the illnesses of the Hinkley residents be classified?

chronic diseases

Epidemiologists are currently studying the role of ________ in the spread of diseases globally.

climate change

Which of the theoretical perspectives considered throughout the text might explore the ways in which laws regarding drug use tend to be created by the powerful in society so that they benefit some while harming others?

conflict theory

The American Medical Association

creates, maintains, legitimizes, and controls medicine in the United States.

Nash broke his arm on the playground. His parents will most likely seek __________.

curative medicine

Veronica's parents have adult-onset diabetes. Her doctor suggested that she walk daily for exercise to help prevent getting diabetes herself. Unfortunately, it's difficult for her to walk in her neighborhood because the sidewalks are in disrepair. When the risk for disease is increased by social factors as in this case, it is called __________.

deprivation amplification

What is it called when our individual, genetic, and physiological illness and disease risks are exacerbated by social factors like the neighborhood where we live, race, ethnic and class inequality, and corporate and governmental policies and practices?

deprivation amplification

Lucia fell on a tumbling pass during her most recent gymnastics competition and tore the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in her knee. To deal with the pain, she got a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) test, visited a physical therapist, took aspirin, and got acupuncture. This best exemplifies __________.

integrative medicine

Malaria is a serious health concern in Cambodia. In some villages, especially those surrounded by forests, the rate of malaria infection is 40 percent. Due to your extensive professional experience with the study of social disease patterns, you have been asked to research the problem for the World Health Organization. You are MOST likely a(n)epidemiologist.

epidemiologist.

HIV/AIDS has ravaged populations around the world. Part of the challenge in treatment and prevention hinges upon a clear understanding of local culture in the population under duress. That is, different approaches will work differently in different places. The practice of studying these differences is known as __________.

epidemiology

The fact that the top causes of death in the United States are due to chronic illness while people in the developing world are continually affected by the threat of acute illnesses indicates that

ess is impacted by social factors.

People have an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, or heart disease if they live in a(n)

food desert.

What do sociologists ask you to consider regarding health and illness?

how health and illness are shaped by social factors

The Flint water crisis, where the city's water source was contaminated with lead, illustrates what?

how health disparities are often linked to inequality

In the early 1900s, more than half of American women gave birth at home. Today, around 99 percent of all births take place in hospitals. This is an example of

medicalization

What type of care are we practicing when we focus on making a person comfortable at the end of life?

palliative

Epidemiologists predict that ________ rates may dramatically increase when vector organisms and animals enter new ecosystems due to global climate change.

plague

Kea tries to take good care of herself. She works out regularly, gets plenty of rest, and eats well. Her approach to health is MOST closely aligned with

preventive medicine.

Good health is

socially defined.

Studies of doctor-patient relations find that

status and power vary and are established in the doctor-patient interaction.

Death and illness in a population are bad for the productivity of the system and are destabilizing forces. Which theory takes this approach to medicine?

structural functionalism

A man recently learned that he has a mental illness. Since his diagnosis, he has begun to act according to the illness and in ways that he thinks others expect someone with a mental illness to act. Which theory of health and illness best explains his situation?

symbolic interactionism

Pauline stays home from school because she has the flu and a high fever. Her mother expects her to stay in bed and rest but instead she goes out for a run. Pauline is not conforming to __________.

the sick role

Talcott Parsons researched ________ from a structural functionalist perspective.

the sick role

In the early twentieth century, women who had children out of wedlock were considered to be feebleminded or to suffer from mental problems. They were also thought more likely to give birth to children who were also feebleminded. Today, this attitude seems ridiculous. This is an example of

the social construction of mental illness.

The mosquito population increases as rain and heat become more prevalent, and as a result tends to spread disease more during this time. Mosquitos are an example of __________.

vector organisms