Sociology Chapter 3, 4, 5, and 6.

Developed the theory of identity crisis.

Erik Erikson

Used by teachers, religious leaders, and especially parents.

Explicit instruction

Describes making an effort to give our best possible performance to avoid "losing face."

Face Work

Refers to techniques that people use to salvage their performance when they encounter a potential or actual loss of face.

Face-Saving Behavior

Groups in which an individual is not a member.

Out-group

A child watches another person's behavior and begins to act the same way.

Role modeling

Developed the theory of the unconscious.

Sigmund Freud

Developed the theory of hierarchy of needs.

Abraham Maslow

A social position that a person earns through personal effort and choices, such as education, occupation, and income.

Achieved Status

A social status that a person receives at birth or assumes involuntarily later in life.

Ascribed Status

The place where a person does not play a specific role because there is no audience.

Back Stage

Developed the theory of looking-glass self.

Charles Cooley

Used in the form of positive reinforcement or punishment.

Conditioning

A Sociologist who studied social interaction and developed dramaturgical analysis.

Erving Goffman

Developed the theory of role taking.

George Herbert

Developed the theory of contact comfort.

Harry Harlow

Our efforts to present favorable images to the people around us.

Impression Management

Groups in which an individual is a valued member.

In-group

Used if we come across a behavior pattern that solves a problem so we repeat the pattern.

Innovation

Developed the theory of cognitive development.

Jean Piaget

Developed the theory of moral development.

Lawrence Kohlberg

Organized beliefs, rules and practices established by society to meet its basic needs. includes family, education, religion, economics, politics, and healthcare.

Social institutions

The process whereby we internalize our culture's values, beliefs and norms. Through this experience we become functioning members of our society.

Socialization

Refers to a social position characterized by rights, duties and expectations that are held by a person.

Status

Learning the language of a culture, learning the norms of culture, and determining what we want from life.

The Three Functions of Socialization

Explicit instruction, conditioning, role modeling, and innovation.

We learn socialization through four major processes: