Sociology Chapter 3, 4, 5, and 6.
Developed the theory of identity crisis.
Erik Erikson
Used by teachers, religious leaders, and especially parents.
Explicit instruction
Describes making an effort to give our best possible performance to avoid "losing face."
Face Work
Refers to techniques that people use to salvage their performance when they encounter a potential or actual loss of face.
Face-Saving Behavior
Groups in which an individual is not a member.
Out-group
A child watches another person's behavior and begins to act the same way.
Role modeling
Developed the theory of the unconscious.
Sigmund Freud
Developed the theory of hierarchy of needs.
Abraham Maslow
A social position that a person earns through personal effort and choices, such as education, occupation, and income.
Achieved Status
A social status that a person receives at birth or assumes involuntarily later in life.
Ascribed Status
The place where a person does not play a specific role because there is no audience.
Back Stage
Developed the theory of looking-glass self.
Charles Cooley
Used in the form of positive reinforcement or punishment.
Conditioning
A Sociologist who studied social interaction and developed dramaturgical analysis.
Erving Goffman
Developed the theory of role taking.
George Herbert
Developed the theory of contact comfort.
Harry Harlow
Our efforts to present favorable images to the people around us.
Impression Management
Groups in which an individual is a valued member.
In-group
Used if we come across a behavior pattern that solves a problem so we repeat the pattern.
Innovation
Developed the theory of cognitive development.
Jean Piaget
Developed the theory of moral development.
Lawrence Kohlberg
Organized beliefs, rules and practices established by society to meet its basic needs. includes family, education, religion, economics, politics, and healthcare.
Social institutions
The process whereby we internalize our culture's values, beliefs and norms. Through this experience we become functioning members of our society.
Socialization
Refers to a social position characterized by rights, duties and expectations that are held by a person.
Status
Learning the language of a culture, learning the norms of culture, and determining what we want from life.
The Three Functions of Socialization
Explicit instruction, conditioning, role modeling, and innovation.
We learn socialization through four major processes: