Sociology Chapter 4

Public schools in the United States opened in the _________ and attendance was ____________. Beyond the original goals of schooling, such as educating citizens and ____________, schools now have greater roles, which include physical education and discipline.

1800s uneven maintaining democracy

Emotion work or emotional labor is the process of helping to manage the emotions of others in order to neutralize emotionally charged situations.

False

Genie, the child who was deprived of practically all social interaction, eventually recovered to live a normal life complete with language and social awareness of her surroundings.

False

Which statements accurately describe why the family is such an important agent of socialization?

Families create early emotional and social bonds. Families teach us about gender roles.

Louwanda Evans's book on emotional labor and flight attendants adds which dimension to Arlie Hochschild's original conception of emotional labor?

race

Sociobiology is a branch of science that uses biology and evolution to explain ___________. The basic nature versus nurture debate has been tweaked by sociobiologists who suggest that genes and environment ___________ to influence behavior. The latest work in this area suggests that __________ can significantly alter the way a gene expresses itself.

social behavior interact social and environmental context

Socialization is a twofold process occurring at both the social and individual levels that accomplishes two main goals. First, it teaches members the skills necessary to satisfy basic human needs and to defend themselves against danger, thus ensuring that society itself will continue to exist. Second, socialization teaches individuals the norms, values, and beliefs associated with their culture and provides ways to ensure that members adhere to their shared way of life. Identify each scenario as accomplishing either the first or second goal of socialization, as discussed in the textbook.

First Goal of Socialization: Parents teach children how to eat food. Schools teach students how to gain employment that will allow them to provide for themselves. Second Goal of Socialization: Peers teach youth what type of clothing is stylish and desirable. Schools teach students that gainful employment is something to be valued and respected.

Classify each scenario as belonging to either frontstage or backstage in the dramaturgical theory of society.

Front stage: A manager tells a new employee that he will get the hang of things soon enough. A professor walks into the first day of a new class with a complete syllabus and expresses to the students an enthusiasm about how this semester will go. Backstage: A professor tells a colleague that he does not think he has prepared enough for the classes he must teach this semester. A shift manager expresses worry to his boss that a new employee may never get the hang of the job.

What, in a nutshell, does the dramaturgical theory of society say about human life?

Life is essentially a play.

Which of the following are examples of socialization?

Someone acts visibly uncomfortable when a coworker tells a sexist joke. A parent teaches a child not to burp at the dinner table. A child shows a parent how to check email using a smartphone.

Which of the following is an example of the hidden curriculum?

Students are taught to dress and behave in a specific manner by teachers and other staff members.

Based on scientific evidence about social isolation and lack of socialization, which of the following outcomes are likely for a child who is deprived of contact with agents of socialization?

The child will be unable to relate to other humans. The child will not learn how to communicate through language with others.

What is the definition of "socialization"?

The process through which individuals fit into a society and internalize its values, beliefs, and norms, and learn to function as its members.

The location, time period, and family into which individuals are born affect their set of meanings about how the world works.

True

Status

a position in a social hierarchy that carries a particular set of expectations

The difference between role strain and role conflict is that role strain is about the competing demands imposed by _________, while role conflict is about competing demands imposed by __________. A worker struggling to decide what task to get done first is experiencing role _________. A worker having to leave work early to care for a sick child is experiencing role __________.

a single status different statuses strain conflict

Someone who believes that humans do not have much free will and are deeply constrained by the social circumstances and system they are born into is not a big believer in which sociological concept?

agency

Role Strain

experienced when there are contradictory expectations within one role

Role Conflict

experienced when we occupy two or more roles with contradictory expectations

Arlie Hochschild's 1983 research on emotion work focused on people in two professions: bill collectors and ___________.

flight attendants

Pablo comes from a low-income family, but worked hard in school and earned a full scholarship to Stanford University. Pablo is worried that his peers and professors will recognize his background and treat him differently so he wears new clothes and attempts to hide his accent on the first day of classes. When Pablo goes home for the weekend, he leaves his new clothes behind in his dorm and does not mask his accent. Which of the following sociological concepts best explains Pablo's behavior and interactions with others?

impression management

Consider how changes in the importance of different agents of socialization might occur over time within a society. For each of the major agents of socialization, decide whether it is more or less important to adolescents now than it was in the late 1800s.

peers the mass media schools

Place the following stages on the timeline based on when the developing child engages in them, according to George Herbert Mead.

preparatory stage, play stage, game stage

The story of Sister Pauline Quinn and the prisoners who train dogs is an example of which sociological concepts?

resocialization total institutions achieved status

Fraternity and sorority members are required to devote a significant amount of time to social events and community service each semester.

role

A straight-A student who spent most of her time studying in high school joins a sorority and faces increased pressure to spend less time studying.

role conflict

A straight-A student decides to quit her sorority to focus on her grades.

role exit

Social media has the potential to increase the number of points of view we are exposed to and socialize us in ways never conceived of before. Someone who has been influenced and "pieced together" through whatever sources available, is an example of which of the following sociological concepts?

saturated self

Identify the main agents of socialization.

schools, the mass media, peers, the family

Which of the following scenarios are violations of feeling rules in the United States?

snorting and expressing disgust at the bride's dress at a wedding laughing and expressing joy at a funeral

The story of Christopher Knight is an example of which sociological concept?

social isolation

Which of the following terms apply to this scenario? An employee works to appease customers and appears as if he cares but in reality does not feel the emotions he's expressing.

surface acting

Justine never really thought of herself as a funny person, but her new friends always tell her she's very funny. Justine has started telling more jokes to her friends and recently signed up for improv comedy classes. Which of the following sociological concepts best explains Justine's interactions with her friends and beliefs about herself?

the looking-glass self

Role

the set of behavior expected of someone because of his or her status