Sociology Chapter 6 Test

When Christy entered high school, she noticed that most of her female classmates wore lipstick. Christy bought some lipstick and started wearing it so that she could fit in with the other young ladies. This is an example of:

Conformity: the degree to which we will alter our behavior, attitudes, and points of view to fit into our perceived expectation of what is appropriate

The term meritocracy is defined by the text as: a. A status-based regime in which advancement is unlikely. b. The removal of personal feelings from a professional situation. c. The authoritarian devalue of an employee . d. A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills.

D. A bureaucracy where membership and advancement...

One function of a reference group is to...

Emotional support, socialization, and encourages conformity

The idea that power concentrates in fewer and fewer hands is called...

Iron Law of Oligarchy

Primary relationships are more likely to develop if the size of the group is small. What is the main reason for this fact?

It is easier to know individuals well when you are in a small group rather than in a large one.

What is the difference between a primary group and a secondary group?

A primary group is small, consisting of emotional face to face relationships; a secondary group is larger and impersonal

What is a reference group?

A reference group refers to a group to which an individual or another group is compared. Sociologists call any group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior a reference group.

A total institution can be defined as:

An organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs.

In the 2010 film, The Social Network, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg who was goal-orientated, issuing orders and assigning tasks. Which of the following leadership styles did Zuckerberg likely use?

Authoritarian

Justin enrolls in a local community college so he can one day become an engineer, Justin is about to become a member of a :

B. Utilitarian organization

When Michael starts high school, he joins the basketball team. He begins to look to his teammate friends for cues on how to behave at dances, in the hallways, and even in the classroom. Michael's basketball team is serving as Michael's _____. a. Out-group b. Reference group c. Aggregate d. Secondary group

B. reference group

When Kevin backpacks across Europe after his high school graduation, he is surprised to find Burger Kings, H&Ms, and even Wal-Mart stores in the foreign cities. This is an example of: a. In-Group/Out-Group dynamic b. The McDonaldization of Society c. A bureaucracy d. Counter-culture

B. the McDonaldization Society

Christine is president of her Improvisation Comedy Troupe. When making decisions about booking gigs, rehearsal spaces, and call-times, Christine leaves the troupe to decide for themselves. Christine is a(n) _____ leader. a. Authoritarian b. Democratic c. Laissez-faire d. Republican

C Laissez-Faire

The United States Government is a form of:

a bureacry

Which of the following is an advantage of a bureaucracy?

a) they are technically superior to other forms of organizations

Sandy is standing in line for Kanye West tickets. The line wraps around the block, spilling into the streets and crowding store windows. Sandy is part of a(n): a. Dyad b. Triad c. In-group d. Aggregate

aggregate

Which of the following best expresses the idea of conformity?

all my friends say i should

Which of the following is an example of an in-group/out-group dynamic:

b. Members of sorority Delta Delta Delta advise their pledges not to socialize with members of rival sorority Sigma Delta Theta

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a bureacracy:

coercion to join

A famous socialite is court-ordered to enter a rehabilitation center to eliminate her drug addiction. The socialite is about to become a member of a:

coercive organization

Michelle feels very close to the Republican Party and is very loyal to the group when she votes. To Michelle, the Republican Party is a(n).

in-group

An instrumental leader:

one who is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks

Students in the college town refer to the local residents as "Townies." The students feel disconnected from the Townies and often hold negative views towards them. From the students viewpoint, the Townies are a(n):

out group

Fiona signed up to volunteer with the Voter Registration Council, a group that registers local high school graduates to vote in upcoming elections. This group has come together for a specific purpose and is an example of a(n):

secondary group

Which of the following does Not constitute cyberbullying?

sending threatening letters to someones house

Solomon Asch concluded that one reason people conform to a group is because they believe:

the group is better informed than they are

What is a social network?

Social network is a sociological concept for a set of social relations between network elements that interact and which are in particular individuals. Social groups or teams, organizational units or whole organizations can also be network elements in the organization. ... Informal organizational structure.Jan 5, 2017

The concept "reference groups" can be defined as: a. Groups which consist of people for whom an individual feels great disdain. b. Groups a person belongs to and feels are an integral part of his or her identity. c. People who share similar characteristics but who are not connected in any way. d. Groups to which an individual compares himself or herself.

D

Kellan wants to shop at Express for the new school year, but because all of his friends shop at Pacific Sun, Kellan does as well. Kellan's behavior is an example of: a. Consumer-oriented discretion b. Laissez-faire leadership c. Conformity d. Out-group dynamics

conformity

The McDonaldization of Society refers to:

increased uniformity and rationality of society due to fast-food restaurant operating principles

Grace works in an advertising agency. Grace's coworkers help her complete presentations, contact clients, and assist with research. Her coworkers are serving a(n).

instrumental

What is a social exchange?

the hypothesis that people remain in relationships only as long as they perceive a favorable ratio of costs to benefits or Social exchange theory proposes that social behavior is the result of an exchange process. The purpose of this exchange is to maximize benefits and minimize costs. According to this theory, developed by sociologist George Homans, people weigh the potential benefits and risks of social relationships