Sociology Exam 1 Review. Chapters 1-4 (with key words)

Which of the following is a skill honed by studying sociology?

An understanding of social systems and bureaucracies Writing skills Ability to design and conduct research studies Report writing Understanding of statistics Critical thinking Cultural competency Analytical thinking Self-awareness and problem solving

----- is the term used for a special language belonging to a subculture.

Argot

The sociological imagination concept is associated with which one of the following social thinkers?

C. Wright Mills

In order to develop a research project, a sociologist must do which of the following steps

Decide what topic of interest to focus on Choose what unit of analysis to study Select a method for the study

Who coined the term anomie?

Emile Durkheim

Which of the following is not true about culture?

Every society has only one culture

The way alcohol effects human behavior is not dependent upon culture.

False

The Chicago School sociologist who was a leader in the settlement house movement, founded Hull House in hopes to improve the lives of the dispossessed, and who won the Nobel Peace Prize for their systematic research was__________.

Jane Addams

Which of the following is NOT true of cultural diffusion?

People typically accept nonmaterial culture before material culture

The sociologist credited with coining the term the debunking motiff, the idea that sociology helps us see through conventional understandings of how society works?

Peter L. Berger

_____ argues that people cannot easily understand concepts and objects unless their language contains words for these items.

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Which of the following is not a criteria for causality?

The dependent variable must precede the independent variable in time and/or in logic

Why do social scientists conduct a literature review prior to designing a study and gathering data?

To determine if the study has already been done. To determine how the proposed study will add to the existing body of research. To see how other studies on the topic were conducted.

Americans are more likely to say the see hard work as an important quality for children than Colombians.

True

Sociologists favor cultural explanations over biological explanations

True

The first Black American to receive a PhD from Harvard University, who wrote articles about race in America was __________.

W.E.B DuBois

One example of how patriarchy is a part of the dominant ideology of Western culture would be which of the following?

Women taking the man's last name

Convenience Sample

a nonrandom sample that is available quickly and inexpensive to use

Scientific Method

a process that involves several research steps, including observation, hypothesis testing, analysis of data, and drawing conclusions

Spurious Relationships

a relationship between an independent variable and dependent variable when a third variable accounts for the relationship

Random Sample

a sample that gives everyone in the population an equal chance of being in the study

Sample

a subset of the population of people in whom the researcher is interested

Conflict Theory

a theoretical perspective that looks at the way inequalities contribute to social differences and perpetuate differences in power

Kevin is studying the impact of hunter's safety classes on children's understanding of the risks associated with firearms. He recruits children age 5-12, 1/2 of the children are assigned to the test group where they go through Michigan's Hunter Safety certificate course. Children are then allowed to play in a room full of toys with a realistic looking gun on the table. Kevin observes through a one way window to see how the children handle the gun. This is an example of ______.

an experiment

Life Choices

an important decision which one makes about their life according to their interests, opinions, and actions

Secondary Data Analysis

analysis of existing data

Term used to describe normlessness, which results from situations, such as periods of rapid social change, when social norms are weak and unclear or social ties are weak

anomie

Experiments

are the primary form of research in the natural and physical sciences, but in the social sciences they are for the most part found in psychology

Symbolism is attached to which of the following:

artifacts, actions, words, gestures

Karl Marx referred to the ruling class as the ________ and the exploited workers as the ________.

bourgeoisie; proletariat

Survey

collection of data from questionnaires

When a researcher reads the latest and foundational studies in the field for the topic they are interested in studying. They are completing what stage in the research process:

conducting a literature review

Feminist theory has developed in sociology and other disciplines since the 1970s and can be considered a sub theory or specific application of which theory?

conflict theory

Sally, who is from the U.S., is traveling through Ethiopia. She sees some behaviors that would seem very odd or deviant in her home country but are normal here. She decides to think from their perspective to try to understand why those behaviors would be advantageous in this society. In this example, Sally would be practicing:

cultural relativism

Cole joins the Peace Corp and begins teaching English to young children in an industrializing nation. In his first week there, Cole finds himself uncomfortable and overwhelmed with the types of foods, norms of food preparation and table manners. He starts to think he needs to go home. In this example, Cole is experiencing:

culture shock

A _____ variable is one we think is affected by another variable.

dependent

Hana moves to the U.S. from Japan to go to college and is offended when people wear their shoes in her apartment. She begins to think of Americans as dirty and disrespectful. These stereotypes develop because of her:

ethnocentrism

Leah conducts a statistical analysis of data collected by the Center for Disease Control to determine if there is a correlation between maternal age and the likelihood of breastfeeding. This is an example of research using ______.

existing data

Sociology is based on common sense.

false

Macrosociology

focuses on the big picture, which usually means such things as social institutions, and social, political and economic change

Not interrupting people or waiting in line are examples of:

folkways

Which theoretical perspective uses the human body as an analogy for society?

functionalism

If one part of society is not working, it affects the rest of society and causes social problems. This statement reflects the __________theory

functionalist

A researcher is conducting a study to find out if gender influences the likelihood of a young adult spending 2 or more hours a day playing video games. The independent variable in this study would be

gender

Generalizations

general statements regarding trends among various dimensions of social life

Based on what you read you think people whose parents are professional criminals are more likely to become a criminal themselves. As you begin your research you state your belief that if a person's parents are criminals that person is more likely to become a criminal themselves. This is an example of a__________.

hypothesis

Social Environment

interaction between humans in an immediate physical setting

Symbolic Interactionism

is a micro approach that focuses on the interaction of individuals and on how they interpret their interaction according to the meaning things have for them

Microsociology

is the study of social interaction, action, and the construction of meaning in small groups

_________ are our chances (whether we have a good chance or little chance) of being healthy, wealthy, and well educated and, more generally, of living a good, happy life

life chances

Debunking Motif

looking beyond the on-the-surface understandings of social reality and recognize the value of alternative sociological understandings

Theoretical frameworks that attempt to comprehend society as a whole are called__________.

macrosociology

Nonrandom Sample

members of the population do not have the same chance of being included in the study

Symbolic interactionism is a ______ level theory

micro

Public nudity in the United States is a violation of a _____.

more

Qualitative Research

non-numerical data that is analyzed for what people say and do

Quota Sample

nonrandom sample where the researcher tries to ensure that the makeup of the sample resembles one or more characteristics of the population as closely as possible

Anomie

normlessness, which results from situations, such as periods of rapid social change, when social norms are weak and unclear or social ties are weak

Life Chances

our chances (whether we have a good chance or little chance) of being healthy, wealthy, and well educated and, more generally, of living a good, happy life

Ana wants to understand gender dynamics in the Catholic church. She attends weekly masses at a local church. She gets to know members of the congregation and attends fellowship events regularly. This is an example of

participant observation

Social Structure

patterned social interaction and social institutions through which a society is organized

A project designed with a survey for participants to answer questions in their own words.

qualitative

Bob wants to gain deep understand of why people join the National Rifle Association. He sits down with members for hour long interviews asking open ended questions. This is an example of ______ research.

qualitative

A researcher studying the graduation rate of low-income students. This is an example of__________research.

quantitative

When a researcher's data analysis is run using statistical software, they are conducting a __________ analysis of the information they collected.

quantitative

Will wants to find out if level of education is associated with political preference. He uses exit poll data from 12 presidential elections and runs statistical analysis. This is an example of ______ research.

quantitative

_____ sampling is necessary for generalizable data.

random

Personal Troubles

refer to a problem affecting individuals that the affected individual, as well as other members of society, typically blame on the individual's own failings

Unit of Analysis

refers to the type of entity a researcher is studying

Dale, Mary, and Tony all conduct similar studies in their hometowns and get similar results. This is because their study had a high level of ______.

reliability

Bourgeoisie

ruling class, owns the means of production

Conflict theorists and functionalists theorists share the belief that

social behavior originates in the structure of society

Society

social interaction between people who share a common culture and social organization, who live in a defined geographic area

Which of the following may provide inspiration for research topics in sociology?

social policy interests news stories personal experience

Social Inequality

society or a group ranks people in a hierarchy, with some more "equal" than others

Applying the __________means that one has the ability to see the societal patterns that influence individual and group life.

sociological perspective

College students are an example of a ___________.

subculture

Which method's results are generalizable?

survey

Quantitative Research

survey data that is collected numerically

"People construct their roles as they interact; they do not merely learn the roles that society has set out for them." This statement is most closely associated with:

symbolic interactionism

Culture includes:

symbols, language, norms, beliefs, values, artifacts(material objects)

One example of counterculture would be:

the Amish

Sociological Imagination

the ability to see societal patterns that influence individual and group life

Class Consciousness

the awareness of one's shared place in society within a class structure where one perceives common life chances

Participant Observation

the researcher is part of the group they are studying

Sociology

the scientific study of social behavior and social institutions

Blaming the System

the social structure of society is held responsible for creating many social problems Blaming the Victim - when harm is inflicted by one person to another person, the harmed person is held responsible for the harm done to them

Independent Variable

the variable that affects the dependent variable

Dependent Variable

the variable that is affected by the independent variable

Sociological Perspective

the view that our social backgrounds influence our attitudes, behavior, life choices and life chances

Feminist Theory

theoretical perspective that analyzes the inequalities and power dynamics between men and women with the intention of improving women's lives

Functionalism

theoretical perspective that views society as a system of interconnected parts that function together to contribute to the stability of the whole society

Although Americans enjoy much freedom of thought and action, society constrains their views and behaviors.

true

A study that really measures what it says it is measuring by carefully operationalizing the variables has a high level of _____.

validity

The Japanese place great emphasis on harmonious social relationships and dislike interpersonal conflict. These are examples of _____.

values

Which of the following examples is nonmaterial culture?

values, beliefs. symbols, language, religion, government/rule style

Blaming the Victim

when harm is inflicted by one person to another person, the harmed person is held responsible for the harm done to them

Public Issues

when the source lies in the social structure and culture of a society that refers to social problems affecting many individuals

Proletariat

working class, does not own the means of production and instead is oppressed and exploited by the bourgeoisie

Social Location

your association in gender, race, social class, religion, and so forth in society