Sociology Final

What is the central means by which modern society transmits knowledge, values, and expectations to its members?

Education

How is patriarchy defined?

Literally meaning "rule of the father"; a male-dominated society

The process of learning behavior and meanings through social interaction is called:

Social Learning

According to the U.S. General Accounting Office, an employer that violates more than one federal or state labor law concerning wages, overtime, child labor, safety and health, or industrial regulation is classified as:

A Sweat Shop

What is a sweat shop?

A workplace where workers are subject to extreme exploitation, including below standard wages, long hours, and poor working conditions that may pose health or safety hazards.

When does gender role socialization begin?

Before Birth

How do teachers treat boys and girls differently?

Boys receive more attention & instructional time and are more likely to be called on in class. Boys are also, however, more likely to make teachers angry by misbehaving and therefore to receive some form of punishment more often.

What do we call norm violations that are codified into law?

Crimes

In the United States, legislatures, police, courts, and prisons make up the:

Criminal Justice System

Which of the following disorders occurs more often in women than in men?

Depression (Mental Disorders)

The idea that individuals learn to be deviant by interacting with others who are already deviant is called:

Differential Association Theory

An action or behavior that results in the unequal treatment of an individual because of his membership in a racial or ethnic group is called:

Discrimination

What is it called when a government bars an individual, either temporarily or permanently, from voting?

Disenfranchised

Schools that blend high school and college are called:

Early College High Schools

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?

England

Why are female runaways more likely to be reported missing by their parents?

Girls are seen as weak & needing of protection.

The cultural and economic changes that result from dramatic increases in international trade and exchange are called:

Globalization

Why would a company outsource or contract out labor they might otherwise employ their own staff to perform?

It's cheaper.

Someone who works primarily with information and develops or uses knowledge in the work place is called:

Knowledge Worker

Which of the following is a form of stratification in which all positions are awarded on the basis of merit?

Meritocracy

Which of the following is one of the primary principles of capitalism?

Privatization of the Means of Production

For what two categories of crime are women more likely to be arrested than men?

Prostitution and Running Away

A set of beliefs about the superiority of one racial or ethnic group compared to another is:

Racism

Tactics that let workers take back some degree of control over the conditions in which they work are called:

Resistance Strategies

In terms of health and life expectancy, what is "the great equalizer"?

Smoking

What system of stratification is commonly used in capitalist societies?

Social Class

According to Friedrich Engles, how do capitalists benefit from a patriarchal system?

Women do the work of reproducing the labor force.

A political system that denies ordinary people participation or representation in their government is called:

Authoritarian

The ability to direct one's individual destiny is:

Autonomy

What are the benefits of telecommuting?

Businesses get increased productivity & fewer sick days.

Public schools that are run by private entities are called:

Charter Schools

Who is most likely to be mocked by their peers for violating gender norms?

Children (especially boys)

What do sociologists call awareness of our own and other's class statuses?

Class Consciousness

People who see gender as immutable and deriving solely from biology are called:

Essentialists

Social movements organized around a belief in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes are called:

Feminism

The roles, traits, and behaviors that are associated with a particular gender are called:

Gender Identity

The family member who is task driven, bread-winning, and authoritative is taking the _____ role.

Instrumental

What two roles did the structuralist Talcott Parsons identify within the family?

Instrumental & Expressive

The exploitation of a minority group within the dominant group's political borders is called:

Internal Colonialism

What effect did the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 have on unions?

It instituted limits on secondary strikes and boycotts.

The methods and tactics of managing a political entity are called:

Politics

The economic system based on collective ownership of the means of production and collective distribution of goods and services is called:

Socialism

Organizations formed expressly to raise and spend money in order to influence elected officials are called:

Special Interest Groups

New innovations in farming like mechanized seed spreaders and new techniques of crop rotation were part of what macro-level social change?

The Agricultural Revolution

According to Talcott Parsons and other functionalists, which role are women better suited for?

The Expressive Role

What is the group of nonprofit organizations that are designed to run as cost effectively as possible and to direct any earnings back into the causes they support are called?

The Third Sector

When students are tested, and the test results are used to place them in certain category of classes (remedial, advanced, college prep, etc.), this process is called:

Tracking

Firms that purposely transcend national borders so that their products can be manufactured at sites all over the world are called:

Transnational Corporations

An association of workers who organize to improve their economic status and working conditions is called:

Union

Why do critics object to school vouchers?

Vouchers drain funds from vulnerable public schools & cause them to deteriorate further.