Sociology (Human Geography)

Languages are grouped into families based on __________. A. age, compexity, and size B. origin, sound, and words C. history, geography, and word length D. age, alphabet, and origin

b

The Torah consists of five books that include __________. A. the Islamic book of prayer B. a compilation of Judaic law C. writings of all Jewish prophets D. the first books of the Qur'an

b

Polytheism, reincarnation, and following a path to a better life are all tenets of __________. A. Christianity B. Nirvana C. Hinduism D. Islam

c

Prior to the Diaspora, __________ had already been conquered by the Assyrians and Babylonians. A. Mecca B. Rome C. Israel D. Constantinople

c

Skin color, facial features, height, and build are all physical characteristics that would most likely be used to identify someone's __________. A. ethnicity B. social status C. race D. gender

c

Which of the following languages is spoken by the most people in the world today? A. Arabic B. English C. Spanish D. Chinese

d

A comparative advantage is the ability of a country to produce a particular good or service at a lower ____________ than another country. a. opportunity cost b. production cost c. absolute advantage d. manufacturing advantage

a

A lack of job opportunities and education resources often leads to __________. A. economic decline B. improvements in infrastructure C. higher taxes D. low social welfare needs

a

A residential area is an area in which people __________. A. live B. work C. exercise D. commute

a

According to estimates, the majority of child laborers work __________. A. in agriculture, mainly on family farms B. as domestic servants C. in sweatshops D. as street vendors

a

According to the chart above, which of the following events occurred in Los Angeles between 1970 and 2000? I. The white population increased. II. The Hispanic and black populations increased. III. The total population increased. IV. Non-whites became a majority in the city. A. III. and IV. only B. I., II., and III. only C. II., III., and IV. only D. I., II., III., and IV.

a

African slaves who were brought to the New World adopted the religious practices of the __________. A. Christians B. Hindus C. Jews D. Muslims

a

Aging, deteriorating areas with exclusionary neighborhoods are called __________. A. ghettos B. urban areas C. redlined areas D. reservations

a

All of the following are major divisions within the United Nations except __________. A. the International Civil Defence Organization B. the Secretariat C. the General Assembly D. the Economic and Social Council

a

Americans speak with different accents around the country. This is most likely due to __________. A. the past influence of immigrants on dialect in urban areas B. the way language changes when spoken in isolation C. increasing connections between immigrant groups around the country D. the ways schools have taught English differently from place to place

a

An important function of __________ is to develop programs for rebuilding a nation's economy. A. the International Monetary Fund (IMF) B. the World Bank C. Grameen Bank D. civil society organizations

a

Analyze the image below and answer the question that follows. 2045-10-01-02-00-v2_files/i0130000.jpg Which of the following concepts does the image above best illustrate? A. City growth is cyclical, and cities with resources continue to grow. B. Although resources contribute somewhat to city growth, they are not the most important factor. C. Trade is central to the growth and development of cities. D. Reasons for city growth are unclear, but workers and resources are important factors.

a

As a religious faith, Candomblé appropriates beliefs from both __________. A. African faiths and Catholicism B. Hinduism and Catholicism C. Hinduism and Islam D. Buddhism and Catholicism

a

Black codes and Jim Crow laws were attempts by Americans to legalize __________. A. segregation and discrimination B. redlining C. filtering D. deterioration

a

Child trafficking is most similar to __________. A. slavery B. war games C. international travel D. child protection

a

Christianity began in the same region as __________. A. Islam and Judaism B. Islam and Hinduism C. Buddhism and Judaism D. Buddhism and Hinduism

a

City residents can be described as falling into __________ when they lose the education, resources, and employment that would help them improve their lives. A. cycles of poverty B. redlines C. gentrified areas D. obsolescence

a

Contour plowing, no-till planting, and planting trees to serve as wind buffers are all methods used to __________. A. reduce erosion B. farm organically C. conserve water D. increase crop yields

a

Critics of the World Bank point out that it has not freed the world from poverty; however, advocates claim that World Bank projects have contributed to increases in __________ in developing countries. A. adult literacy and life expectancy B. military defense and police security C. women's rights and economic autonomy D. financial literacy and job opportunities

a

Cultural characteristics that are spread by mass media like movies and television are examples of cultural __________. A. diffusion B. assimilation C. appropriation D. accommodation

a

Factors such as literacy rate, average family income, infant mortality rate, and life expectancy are used most often to measure __________. A. development B. happiness C. quality of life D. Gross Domestic Product

a

Factors that discourage city growth are known as __________ factors. A. push B. pull C. pnyx D. pandemic

a

Factory owners may tolerate sweatshop conditions in an effort to keep production __________ and costs __________. A. high . . . low B. high . . . high C. low . . . low D. low . . . high

a

Farms owned by retirees who no longer cultivate crops are __________. A. always considered small family farms regardless of acreage B. considered small family farms if they are less than 1,000 acres C. considered small family farms if they are less than 2,500 acres D. not counted in the number of US farms because the owners are no longer farming

a

Faster methods of transportation and more sophisticated methods of communication, such as the Internet, have had the greatest impact on the recent trend of __________. A. increased globalization B. decreased globalization C. increased nuclear proliferation D. decreased nuclear proliferation

a

Foreign logging companies have increased operations in eastern Russia because they are able to use cheaper labor and reduce costs. Several animals' habitats are threatened by this activity. Which of the following is a negative result of this deforestation? A. The Siberian tiger is losing its habitat. B. The companies are replacing the logged trees. C. The loggers want to find more locations to work cheaply. D. Russia is trying to make work easier by improving snow-removal methods.

a

Herbicide-resistant soybeans, pest-resistant cotton, and vitamin-enriched rice are all results of __________. A. bioengineering B. organic farming C. the Green Revolution D. synthetic food production

a

Heterogeneous is best described as _____________. a. having differences b. having similarities c. adopting a culture d. diffusing a culture

a

High erosion rates in Madagascar are caused primarily by __________. A. poor economic growth and high poverty rates B. the government's failure to pass laws restricting logging C. the reduced use of shifting cultivation D. decreased desertification

a

How did airports encourage city growth? A. They promoted the building of hotels, restaurants, services, and rapid transit to accommodate travelers. B. They are so big and require so much land that they need a larger population to be sustained. C. They limit the effects of gridlock and make travel more pleasant. D. They were responsible for transporting over 13 billion tons of materials.

a

How many of the world's 20 largest cities are located in Western Europe? A. none B. one C. two D. four

a

How might a growing urban heat island change citizens' behavior in a city? A. Citizens are likely to use more electricity for air conditioning. B. Citizens are likely to create lower levels of air pollution. C. Citizens are likely to lose educational opportunities. D. Citizens are likely to turn to informal sector jobs.

a

Humans perceive the size of the world based on all of the following factors except __________. A. the number of miles around the Equator B. how long it takes to get somewhere C. how quickly they can communicate with someone D. the amount of time it takes to ship goods somewhere

a

If we were to examine a vocabulary word for two languages in the same language family (for example, English and German), which of the following would be the most likely result? A. The spelling of the two words might be similar, and some sounds might be the same. B. The spelling of the two words would be identical. C. The pronunciation of the two words would be identical. D. The spelling and pronunciation of the two words would be identical

a

In Sana'a, Yemen, farming of the qat plant has caused farmers to __________. A. overuse the city's water supply B. contribute to widespread fires C. create smog and air pollution D. create a massive urban heat island

a

In general, countries that were European colonies in the 1940s have __________. A. lower-than-average GDP and lower-than-average HDI B. higher-than-average GDP and lower-than-average HDI C. higher-than-average GDP and higher-than-average HDI D. lower-than-average GDP and higher-than-average HDI

a

In overcrowded cities struggling with high __________, citizens are forced to rely on government support for income. A. unemployment B. urban heat island temperatures C. pollution levels D. job resources

a

In which type of economy do the forces of supply and demand typically drive prices? A. a market economy B. a traditional economy C. a planned economy D. a command economy

a

Job specialization encouraged __________ in early city cultures. A. leisure time B. war and crime C. religious persecution D. economic stability

a

Jobs and markets in the informal sector are __________. A. not regulated or taxed B. operated in accordance with tax procedures C. established with government oversight D. regulated closely by governments

a

Large farms consist of about _____ of all farms in the United States. A. 10% B. 30% C. 50% D. 70%

a

Legalized discrimination in South Africa was called __________. A. apartheid B. segregation C. white flight D. ghettoization

a

Making a daily or regular trip between home and a workplace, school, or other destination is called __________. A. commuting B. gridlocking C. building infrastructure D. using a freeway

a

Miami has large numbers of Cuban immigrants. Which of the following is likely to be found in Miami as a result of its large Cuban population? A. Spanish-language television stations B. Italian restaurants C. a Chinatown neighborhood D. European architecture

a

One drawback of desalination is the __________ associated with the process. A. expense B. technology C. water pollution D. reverse osmosis

a

One of the major motivations for altering the environment in Mexico City was __________. A. creating arable land B. reducing population growth C. providing recreational opportunities D. reducing dependence on agriculture

a

One of the results of the 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill is the threat to various species in the gulf's ecosystem; it disturbed and, in some cases, forever altered the __________ of the Gulf Coast. A. biodiversity B. agriculture C. deforestation D. desertification

a

Outsourcing has been particularly detrimental to employment in which American industries? A. manufacturing and customer service B. health care and dental care C. agriculture and food processing D. research and development

a

Politcal, social, and economic opportunities are more available to women, ethnic and religious minorities, and other underrepresented populations in -- A. Cultures that embrace democracy and individual freedoms. B. Cultures that rely on migrant labor. C. Cultures that operate under theocracies. D. Cultures that use command economies.

a

Put the following settlements in order, from largest to smallest. I. megacity II. town III. small city IV. village V. metropolis A. I., V., III., II., IV. B. II., I., IV., V., III. C. V., I., III., IV., II. D. I., V., III., IV., II.

a

The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty is best described as __________. A. a treaty signed by 190 countries whose goal is to limit the spread of nuclear weapons B. a treaty signed by five countries after World War II pledging not to use nuclear weapons C. a treaty signed by the US and Soviet Union to freeze the number of ballistic missiles D. a treaty signed by the US and North Korea to reduce the number of nuclear warheads

a

The __________ of the Indus River Valley is well known for their carefully planned city sites built in organized grids. A. Harappan civilization B. Shang dynasty C. Olmec civilization D. Egyptian civilization

a

The __________ sector of an economy is involved in the acquisition of raw materials. A. primary B. secondary C. tertiary D. quinary

a

The ancient god of the Nile River was __________. A. Hapi B. Mohenjo-Daro C. Ur D. Teotihuacan

a

The arrows in the image above show cause and effect. Which of the models depicts an accurate cause-and-effect relationship? A. Model A B. Model B C. Model C D. Model D

a

The city of London struggled to control sanitation. As a result, __________ infested the streets of early London and contributed to the spread of the bubonic plague. A. rats B. snakes C. locusts D. leeches

a

The first agricultural species was altered by genetic modification in _____. A. 1994 B. 1998 C. 2001 D. 2007

a

The first genetically modified food was the tomato, which was modified to __________. A. ripen without softening B. be more juicy and flavorful C. have a reduced growing season D. have increased resistance to drosophila

a

The flying shuttle, the spinning jenny, and the water frame were all advancements in the __________ industry. A. textile B. pottery C. paper D. furniture

a

The next best alternative given up when making a choice is called the __________. A. opportunity cost B. comparative advantage C. primary objective D. negative consequence

a

US music is popular in Europe, and Japanese music is popular among many people in the US. This kind of artistic and entertainment connection is an example of a(n) __________ connection. A. cultural B. economic C. industrial D. political

a

Unregulated businesses, undocumented cash payments, coerced labor, and bartering are part of the __________ sector. A. informal B. primary C. formal D. quinary

a

What does it mean if a nation has a high dependency rate? A. The nation has a large number of children, whose families must provide for them. B. The average age of the population is over 30. C. The nation's population is shrinking due to a low birth rate. D. The nation enjoys a high life expectancy and must assist elderly members of society.

a

What happened in Chernobyl, Ukraine, in 1986? A. The explosion of a nuclear reactor killed 30 people. B. Deadly gases from a pesticide factory killed 20,000 people. C. The dam holding back a toxic waste retention pond failed, flooding 10,000 homes with benzene. D. Uranium seeping out of a mine contaminated the water supply, causing radioactive poisoning in 30% of the city's residents.

a

What is the difference between bioengineered crops and genetically modified crops? A. These two terms mean the same thing and describe plants that are created by additions or deletions to DNA. B. Bioengineered crops are created through natural cross-pollination, while genetically modified crops are created by additions or deletions to DNA. C. Genetically modified crops are created through natural cross-pollination, while bioengineered crops are created by additions or deletions to DNA. D. These two terms mean the same thing and describe plants that were created during the Green Revolution.

a

What is the main difference between airports of the early 1920s and international airports of the 1930s? A. Airports in the early 1920s catered to municipal and regional travel, while airports in the 1930s served as hubs for travel between countries. B. Airports in the early 1920s had larger runways and airport space, while airports of the 1930s had smaller, more efficient layouts. C. Airports in the early 1920s catered to travel between countries, while airports in the 1930s served as hubs for regional and municipal travel. D. Airports in the early 1920s were located in West Coast cities, while airports in the 1930s were located in East Coast cities.

a

What is the relationship between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the Human Development Index (HDI)? A. A high GDP is related to a high quality of life and high development. B. A low GDP is related to a high quality of life and low development. C. A low GDP is related to a low quality of life and high development. D. A high GDP is related to a low quality of life and high development.

a

What role do teenagers play in the westernization of the world? A. Teens are one of the biggest groups of consumers. B. Teens seek an education to further their opportunities. C. Teens use sports to advance their nation's economic success. D. Teens interact with WTO officials to impact tariff and trade barriers.

a

What types of jobs typically are found in ghetto, inner-city neighborhoods? A. low-wage positions, typically in retail outlets, that require little education B. professional positions with banks, doctors' offices, and other similar businesses C. hourly factory and manufacturing positions D. positions that require advanced education, such as those in financial or technology firms

a

What was this New Orleans building most likely influenced by? A. the city's French immigrant heritage B. the city's Spanish immigrant heritage C. the city's Chinese immigrant heritage D. none of the above - the city of New Orleans' architecture developed independently of any immigrant influences

a

When geographers discuss the effects of pandemics on early cities, they are discussing how __________ affected city populations. A. infectious diseases B. wars C. fires D. earthquakes

a

Which of the following aspects of agricultural cultivation increases the risk of erosion? A. replacing natural vegetation with cultivated crops B. utilizing no-till planting methods C. plowing in curved, rather than straight, lines D. leaving plants in the ground during the winter

a

Which of the following diseases is spread by mosquitoes and most often found in tropical urban areas? A. dengue fever B. malaria C. sleeping sickness D. HIV/AIDS

a

Which of the following factors is a major reason for the high risk of drought in Africa? A. Africa has been getting less rainfall since 1968. B. Civil wars have led to the destruction of crops. C. The rising elephant population has destroyed watersheds. D. The Aswan Dam changed the course of the Nile River.

a

Which of the following goals is included in the initiatives created by the United Nations Environment Programme? A. the reduction of carbon emissions by 80% by 2050 B. the reduction of the population growth rate by 10% by 2050 C. trade embargoes against nations that fail to conserve resources D. changes that will limit global warming to 1° F by 2050

a

Which of the following inventions destroyed the first market for petroleum? A. the light bulb B. the automobile C. plastics D. frozen foods

a

Which of the following is an example of a regional economic bloc? A. the North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement B. the International Institute of Refrigeration C. the International Whaling Commission D. the World Trade Organization

a

Which of the following is an example of the built environment? A. a park B. squirrels C. a mountain D. snowfall

a

Which of the following is not a reason why a high dependency rate leads to low levels of social welfare? A. Resources are disproportionately spent on the oldest members of society. B. Dependents contribute little to the national economy. C. Dependents contribute little to the tax base. D. The average age of the national population is too low to support economic and social growth.

a

Which of the following is not a role of the IMF? A. helping reduce poverty worldwide B. tracking global economic performance and trends C. helping countries manage their economies D. providing loans to countries in need of financial assistance

a

Which of the following is not an argument against subsidies? A. They keep food prices high. B. They result in increased land prices. C. They are no longer necessary for farmers. D. They fail to benefit the people who most need them.

a

A mixed economy has strong elements of both __________ and __________ economies. A. planned . . . traditional B. market . . . planned C. market . . . traditional D. planned . . . command

b

According to the chart above, which of the following events occurred in Los Angeles between 1940 and 1970? I. The white population increased. II. The Hispanic and black populations increased. III. The total population increased. IV. Non-whites became a majority in the city. A. III. and IV. only B. I., II., and III. only C. II., III., and IV. only D. I., II., III., and IV.

b

All of the following are examples of unpaid labor, except __________. A. cooking for one's own family B. cleaning the house of a wealthy family for small wages C. taking care of one's children or elderly family members D. working in the family vegetable garden

b

All of the following are steps the country of Morocco took to increase gender equality in society except __________. A. the expansion of school transportation B. the elimination of family planning clinics C. the creation of vocational training programs for women D. the implementation of gender-responsive budgeting

b

Mohammad Yunus is best known for __________. A. founding the first civil society organization in Bangladesh B. initiating a banking system focused on microcredit loans C. founding the World Bank D. introducing initiatives to require companies in Bangladesh to hire more female employees

b

Nations usually __________ industries and activities in which they have a comparative advantage over other nations. A. negotiate treaties for B. specialize in C. avoid D. give the government control over

b

One of the most significant problems facing governments with low GDP is that a low GDP often results in __________. A. lower-than-average infant mortality rates B. less available tax revenue C. increased economic growth D. lower unemployment rates

b

Overgrazing, overfarming, and the diversion of water for irrigation are significant causes of __________. A. deforestation B. desertification C. decreased agricultural production D. shifting cultivation

b

Settlements that have populations in excess of 10 million people and that connect their countries and regions to the world economy are called __________. A. small cities B. megacities C. megalopolises D. suburbs

b

Small farms are classified as farms with annual sales of less than _____. A. $50,000 B. $250,000 C. $450,000 D. $1,000,000

b

The Dalai Lama is the spiritual leader of __________. A. Sikh Hinduism B. Tibetan Buddhism C. Tibetan Hinduism D. Hindu Buddhism

b

The Old Man in the Mountain is a geological formation in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Which of the following statements best describes the effects of natural erosion on this formation? A. Man-made supports and wires were able to prevent the erosion of the formation, and it is still viewable today. B. Natural erosion caused the formation to collapse despite people's efforts to save it. C. Natural erosion did not affect this formation; its collapse was a result of man-made erosion. D. Natural erosion is more powerful than man-made erosion.

b

The Romance subfamily of the Indo-European language family includes __________. A. English, German, and Dutch B. Spanish, French, and Portuguese C. Russian, Polish, and Slovak D. Bengali, Hindi, and Panjabi

b

The United Nations was founded primarily __________. A. to regulate nuclear facilities B. to help international diplomacy C. to unite European governments D. to monitor international trade

b

The World Bank is made up of which of the following institutions? I. the International Monetary Fund (IMF) II. the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) III. the International Development Association (IDA) IV. the Grameen Bank A. I. and II. only B. II. and III. only C. I., II., and III. only D. II., III., and IV. only

b

The declining axolotl population in Mexico City is an example of __________ in overcrowded cities. A. the surpassing of support capacity B. changes to natural environments and native species C. the lack of safe homes and tenured spaces D. the effects of a growing urban heat island

b

The first factory machinery ran on __________ power during the early part of the Industrial Revolution. A. animal B. water C. steam D. electric

b

The first federal minimum wage was established in _____. A. 1948 B. 1938 C. 1928 D. 1908

b

The following statements describe a certain country's economy. What type of economy does this country have? I. Most citizens farm at the subsistence level. II. Citizens barter with each other for needed items. III. Doctors and professionals often accept food or other goods in exchange for services. A. a market economy B. a traditional economy C. a planned economy D. a mixed economy

b

The fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, such as transportation, communication systems, power plants, and schools, are called ___________. A. autonomy B. infrastructure C. economy D. government

b

The global spread of American and Western European culture and political ideals is called __________. A. socialization B. westernization C. connectivity D. consumerism

b

What is the main motivation for Hindus to follow the beliefs of their religion correctly? A. the belief that those who live incorrectly will spend the afterlife in Hell B. the belief that those that live a good life will be rewarded in the next life C. the belief that the gods will punish nonbelievers with bad luck or hardships D. the belief that failure to live by the right path brings suffering

b

What kind of service does the facility in the photo above provide, according to Christaller's central place theory? A. low-order service B. high-order service C. low-growth service D. specialized-need service

b

Which of the following issues is the most pressing environmental concern in the Middle East? A. air pollution B. water scarcity C. land salinization D. mineral resource depletion

b

Which of the following phrases best describes the meaning of suburban decay? A. the loss of diversity as suburban areas lose culture B. the decline of suburban populations as residents move to new locations C. the decline in ethics and morality in suburbs D. the loss of cultural awareness as people move from the city to the suburbs

b

Which of the following regions has had the lowest freshwater supply per person in recent years? A. Africa B. Asia C. Australia D. the Middle East

b

Which of the following situations is most likely to arise when a crowded city is unable to provide its residents with sufficient sanitation? A. Citizens will obtain better tenure in their housing. B. Residents will suffer from preventable diseases. C. Residents will experience a drop in crime rates. D. Citizens will be more likely to walk or use bikes.

b

Which of the following situations is not an example of natural erosion? A. Winds hollow out rocks in Moab, Utah. B. Agriculture in Nebraska changes the local landscape. C. The Pacific Ocean erodes the west coastline of California. D. The Nile River creates the Nile Delta where it meets the Mediterranean Sea.

b

Which of the following statements about East Germany is true? A. East Germany dissolved when Poland invaded it in 1985. B. East Germany chose to reunite with West Germany in 1990. C. East Germany invaded West Germany to create a single country in 1992. D. East Germany's land was split between three countries in 1995.

b

Which of the following statements about dangers to early cities is false? A. Poor building materials made early cities more prone to disaster. B. Guilds and disreputable traders led to the economic decline of early cities. C. Poor planning led to the destruction of many early cities. D. Natural disasters destroyed early cities located in dangerous locations.

b

Which of the following statements about guilds is false? A. They could set prices for goods and crafts. B. They could determine the methods used to harvest crops and procure natural resources or animal products. C. They could determine the training needed to become a master craftsperson. D. They could ensure the quality of products.

b

Which of the following statements about scientists' views of global warming is true? A. Nearly all scientists agree that the Earth's temperature is rising, but many disagree about whether humans are responsible, while a small percentage agree that humans are responsible. B. Nearly all scientists agree that the Earth's temperature is rising and that humans are responsible, while a small percentage do not agree that humans are responsible. C. Nearly all scientists agree that the Earth's temperature is rising, but most agree that humans are not responsible. D. There is no consensus among scientists on this issue; they disagree over whether the Earth's temperature is rising.

b

Which of the following statements best describes Detroit, Michigan? A. It is an emerging global city. B. It is a global city that has experienced decline. C. It is a global city that has remained strong. D. It never was a global city.

b

Which of the following statements best describes the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) in Korea? A. North Korea is the DMZ; it separates China from South Korea. B. The DMZ is a strip that separates North and South Korea. C. The DMZ is a strip that separates Korea and China. D. The DMZ is the no-fly zone over North Korea.

b

Which of the following statements best describes the European Union (EU)? A. The EU is an organization whose goal is to unite Europe into a single political state. B. The EU is a political and economic partnership among separate European nations. C. The EU is a military partnership among separate European nations. D. The EU is a term used to describe the common ancestry of many European nations.

b

Which of the following statements best describes the benefits of the early commercial airline industry? A. It reduced the use of the automobile. B. It provided faster travel between cities. C. It encouraged cities to grow in density. D. It enabled travel between the US and Europe.

b

Which of the following statements best describes the situation in Germany following World War II? A. Germany unified after Hitler and the Nazis were defeated. B. Germany split into two separate states: East Germany and West Germany. C. Germany separated into many provinces with no central government. D. Germany formed a republic of 26 states with elected representatives.

b

How did innovations and inventions best benefit both industry and citizens? by being produced faster by being less costly by being sturdier by being safer

by being less costly

According to the ILO, how many people are working by force or under coercion? A. 123,000 B. 1.23 million C. 12.3 million D. 123 million

c

According to the lecture, 75% of US jobs are focused on providing services. This means they are in the __________ sector of the economy. A. primary B. secondary C. tertiary D. quinary

c

All of the following are examples of nonrenewable resources except __________. A. oil B. natural gas C. lumber D. coal

c

All of the following are examples of urban areas in the United States, except __________. A. cities B. towns C. villages D. metropolitan areas

c

All of the following are indicators of low social welfare except __________. A. high infectious disease rates B. inadequate sewer systems C. high literacy rates D. large numbers of child laborers

c

All of the following jobs could be placed in the quinary economic sector except __________. A. a firefighter B. a corporate chief executive officer C. a worker in a unionized auto factory D. a school teacher

c

All of the following were factors important to the development of early civilizations, except __________. A. trade B. government C. mineral resources D. culture

c

An __________ is an __________ that has been modified so that it is more useful. A. industry . . . idea B. idea . . . industry C. innovation . . . invention D. invention . . . innovation

c

An agglomeration of multiple cities is called a(n) __________. A. megacity B. metropolis C. conurbation D. urban zone

c

As of 2010, about __________ of the Earth's total population lived in urban areas. A. two-thirds B. one-quarter C. one-half D. three-quarters

c

Based on your knowledge of industrialization, which of the following statements best describes what is happening in this photo, taken in the US around 1910? A. The children pictured here likely worked a 4 - 6-hour shift after school, five days a week, for minimum wage. B. The children pictured here are working illegally, as child labor was prohibited in the late 1880s. C. The children pictured here likely worked a 12-hour day, six days a week, for about one dollar a week. D. The children pictured here likely earned good wages, were protected from risk of injury, and were likely to have a successful, long-term career in this industry.

c

Because Tokyo is a city of over 10 million residents, it is considered a __________. A. lower-order settlement B. metropolis C. megacity D. municipal city

c

Cities like New York, London, Tokyo, and Chicago are considered global cities primarily due to their influence in world __________. A. religion B. sports C. trade, banking, and finance D. government

c

Cleveland, Ohio, the city pictured above, is likely what type of settlement, according to the central place theory? A. a megalopolis B. a lower-order settlement C. a higher-order settlement D. a conurbanization

c

Countries that join the International Monetary Fund (IMF) must commit to __________. A. reducing trade with non-IMF countries B. removing all barriers to trade C. pursuing stable economic policies D. deflating their currency during economic recessions

c

Creating export processing zones, passing tax laws that favor businesses, and encouraging outsourcing __________. A. are actions NGOs can take to benefit growing economies B. are typical ways in which the US helps other nations' economies C. are ways that have helped developing economies to grow D. have not been successful in fostering economic success

c

Deforestation is especially problematic in which of the following regions? A. Western Europe B. Australia C. tropical rainforests D. North America

c

Enclaves protect immigrants by providing all of the following except __________. A. familiar products in stores and restaurants B. help transitioning into a new life C. complete protection from outside cultural influences D. assistance with transition to a new language

c

Established during the Middle Ages, guilds were associations of skilled artisans designed to institute quality standards, establish training programs, and set prices in industries such as glassblowing or masonry. What most likely happened to the guild system following industrialization? A. Guilds likely incorporated new skilled artisans with industrialization-era skills. B. Guilds likely became more powerful as fewer people learned trade secrets for these industries. C. Guilds likely became less powerful as artisans were replaced by machinery. D. Guilds likely expanded to include factory workers, laborers, and unskilled workers.

c

Geographers rank human settlements based on what two factors? A. population and size by area B. size by area and impact/importance to the region C. population and impact/importance to the region D. population and growth rate

c

Government and public support for the labor movement increased dramatically during the __________. A. Progressive Era B. Industrial Revolution C. Great Depression D. Second World War

c

Greyfields are __________ in decaying suburbs. A. empty homes and foreclosed subdivisions B. sites for future development C. vacant commercial spaces and empty shopping malls D. undeveloped land and nature preserves

c

Henry Ford's famous __________ was one of the world's first mass-produced and affordable automobiles. A. DMG B. Edsel C. Model T D. Metro

c

How can a consumer tell if a product is organic? A. Organic food usually looks more attractive than non-organic food. B. Organic food is certified by the Food and Drug Administration. C. The USDA has developed a labeling system for organic food. D. There is no way to tell if a product is organic.

c

How do debt repayment and structural adjustment terms hamper economic development? A. Only wealthy nations need to repay their debts, so it slows their progress. B. This is no longer a problem because debt repayment was completely erased after World War II. C. Both measures rob a developing nation of money it could use to invest in social welfare improvements. D. They always penalize highly developed nations rather than underdeveloped ones.

c

How do export processing zones help overcome barriers to economic development? A. They increase costs for developing countries. B. They only help wealthy nations become wealthier. C. They help increase job growth in developing nations. D. They organize doctors to provide healthcare in developed nations.

c

How does commoditization impact the choices people make when shopping? A. Costs escalate due to the westernization of culture. B. The Internet makes product and price comparison more difficult. C. With standardized products, the cost of the product becomes the main deciding factor. D. Trade barriers are significantly reduced because different companies produce virtually identical products.

c

Immigrants can participate in changing a city's __________ by bringing different pronunciations, accents, and vocabulary to the city. A. pastimes B. cuisine C. language D. ethnicity

c

In 2009, _____ of all farms in the United States received subsidy payments. A. 11% B. 22% C. 33% D. 44%

c

In 2009, the author Pawel Bozyk described Brazil as a newly industrialized country. While its economy has not yet reached that of highly developed countries, Brazil has moved itself into being a significant member of the international economy. What economic model does Brazil fit into, regarding its development path? A. Gross Domestic Product Improvement B. Genuine Progress Indicator C. Rostow's Modernization Model D. Wallerstein's World Systems Theory

c

In a __________ economy, most businesses are privately owned, but the government regulates utilities, builds roads and bridges, and provides public services, such as bus transportation. A. market B. planned C. mixed D. traditional

c

In the __________ sector, citizens work in jobs that usually avoid taxes or regulation. A. environmental B. support C. informal D. criminal

c

Levittown became the first mass-produced suburban __________ in New York in 1948. A. gated community B. drive-through C. housing development D. shopping mall

c

Malaria is most common in which of the following areas? A. areas with extremely hot or cold climates B. temperate regions that receive a lot of rain C. tropical and subtropical regions D. all of the above

c

Most Chinese immigrants in the 1800s came to America __________. A. to escape conflict in their native country B. for religious freedom C. to find work D. to conquer foreign lands

c

Nomadic herding was prevalent in which type of climate? A. mountainous regions B. tropical and subtropical forests C. drier climates with grasslands D. remote islands with limited supplies of freshwater

c

Paris, London, New York, and Tokyo are all significant because __________. A. they are the most populated cities in the world B. they are the largest cities in the world when measured in terms of area C. they are global cities due to their influence in government, culture, and the world economy D. they have the largest economic growth of all cities in the world

c

Part of China is circled in black on the map above. Based on the map key, why is southeastern China not at risk of desertification? A. Southeastern China is colored in grey, which means it already is a desert. B. Southeastern China is colored in blue, which means it is cold year-round. C. Southeastern China is colored in green, which means it has a humid climate that regulates environmental and ecological changes, preventing desertification. D. Southeastern China is colored in white, which means it is mostly ice year-round; icy climates have so much rain that it's impossible for the land to become dry.

c

Peaceful anti-government demonstrations in 1989 effectively brought about change in Czechoslovakia during the __________. A. dissolution B. civil war C. Velvet Revolution D. Islamic Revolution

c

People who benefit the most from subsidies are those who have __________. A. small pecan farms B. small blueberry farms C. large wheat farms D. large strawberry farms

c

Physical systems that serve as framework for city growth are called __________. A. commuters B. gridlocks C. infrastructure D. freeways

c

Relationships with family, friends, and community far outweigh money or things. Which of the following indicators would most likely use the statement above as a justification for its measurements? A. Walt Rostow's Modernization Model B. the Genuine Progress Indicator C. the Gross Happiness Index D. the Human Development Index

c

The English language is part of which language family? A. Alatic B. Dravidan C. Indo-European D. Khoisan

c

The Grameen Bank of Bangladesh __________. A. is a vocational training site for women in the developed world B. has been cited by the United Nations as being discriminatory against women C. started the practice and concept of microloans D. provides loans to men in female-dominated societies

c

The International Monetary Fund makes __________ loans to countries based on specific goals and conditions. A. microcredit B. tax-deductible C. installment D. interest-free

c

The Maya and Aztec civilizations were early __________ civilizations. A. Chinese B. Indian C. Mesoamerican D. Mesopotamian

c

The National Labor Relations Act, better known as the __________, guarantees employees' rights to unionize and to strike. A. Fair Labor Standards Act B. Labor Bill C. Wagner Act D. Unionization Law

c

The Silk Road was a major trade route between __________ and __________. A. China . . . Crete B. Rome . . . Jerusalem C. Asia . . . Europe D. London . . . Rome

c

The US economy is based heavily on __________ sector jobs. A. primary B. secondary C. tertiary D. quaternary

c

The US economy received all of the following benefits as a result of technological advancements during industrialization except __________. A. increased production B. reduced costs of consumer goods C. increased farm employment D. the invention of new products

c

The United Nations consistently ranks __________ as having the most equal society. A. Switzerland B. the United States C. Sweden D. Japan

c

The _____ Census revealed that approximately two million children were working across the US. A. 1800 B. 1860 C. 1900 D. 1920

c

The early city settlement at Akrotiri is an example of an early city that was destroyed by __________. A. an invasion by the Roman Empire B. the bubonic plague C. a volcanic eruption D. a fire

c

The first Chinatown communities were formed in American cities in the late _____. A. 1600s B. 1700s C. 1800s D. 1900s

c

The image above depicts a relationship between a form of transportation and the city. Based on your understanding of this relationship, the best title for this image is __________. A. "Rail and the City" B. "Infrastructure and Rapid Transport" C. "Flight and the City" D. "Automobiles and the City"

c

The implementation of new automobile-efficiency standards in America will most likely result in __________. A. more oil consumption B. fewer miles per gallon (mpg) C. less air pollution D. more carbon dioxide emissions

c

The term proximity means __________. A. absence B. presence C. closeness D. openness

c

Typical characteristics of global cities include all of the following except __________. A. being at the center of the world's economy and trade B. being networked with the rest of the world C. being culturally isolationist D. being wealthy and influential in business

c

Urban unrest is almost always a result of __________. A. improving economic conditions B. declining crime rates C. events or actions viewed as racist or discriminatory D. inadequate police protection

c

Vertical integration means that __________. A. giant food corporations grow the same crops at different elevations B. giant food corporations produce many different kinds of food C. giant food corporations own the means of production, processing, and transportation D. giant food corporations own small farm subsidiaries

c

What effect do tax incentives have on economic development? A. Tax incentives have no impact on economic development. B. Tax incentives only allow the rich to get richer and the poor to get poorer. C. Tax incentives encourage international trade of human or physical resources. D. Tax incentives only affect economic development when a nation creates an important technology.

c

What is one advantage of organic farming over conventional farming? A. Yields generally are higher than in conventional farming. B. Organic products are guaranteed to be pesticide free. C. Organic farming practices are designed to protect the environment. D. Organic products generally are cheaper than conventional ones.

c

What nationality of immigrant would we expect to encounter in the neighborhood pictured above? A. Irish B. Chinese C. Italian D. There is no way to tell from the picture above.

c

What was the most significant aspect of Henry Ford's assembly line process? A. It used less energy and created less pollution than other factory processes. B. It created labor unions to advocate for employers working in large factories. C. It reduced production costs, which allowed the products to be more affordable. D. It made it possible to hire more employees, which helped restore the economy .

c

When explaining city growth through the multiple nuclei model, geographers acknowledge that modern cities do not always follow strict patterns of growth because of __________. A. irrigation networks B. park spaces C. changes to modern transportation D. grid street layouts

c

When neighborhoods or buildings become __________, they lose their usefulness. A. gentrified B. redlined C. obsolete D. infilled

c

When planning according to City Beautiful principles, architects and planners created __________ in cities to invite recreation and promote health. A. industrial zones B. harbors C. green park spaces D. central business districts

c

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin? A. Michigan B. New York City C. Great Britain D. France

c

Which of the following activities is not a cause of desertification? A. overgrazing B. overfarming C. conserving water D. diverting water

c

Which of the following best describes the goal of cap and trade? A. to decrease the heavy metal pollution of the soil B. to decrease the release of pollutants into the ocean C. to limit the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere D. all of the above

c

Which of the following city needs is a factor in determining the carrying capacity of a city's environment? A. schools and education centers available to city children B. government services provided to residents C. water resources available to meet city needs D. jobs available for city residents

c

Which of the following countries is the largest shareholder in the World Bank? A. Japan B. France C. the United States D. the United Kingdom

c

Which of the following goals was not one of the reasons for the development of the Interstate Highway System? A. to provide faster transportation across America B. to provide safety by giving the military easier access to the country C. to discourage the use of flight to travel between cities D. to encourage more trade between cities

c

Which of the following has contributed the most to the increase of invasive species in Europe? A. air pollution that has destroyed native plants B. desalination, which has killed native plants C. an increase in trade across the continent D. the lack of invasive species legislation in Europe

c

Which of the following is an example of a leisure activity that developed in early cities? A. open public spaces for assembly and civic participation B. Silk Road travel between Europe and Asia C. ball game courts in early Mesoamerican cities D. artisan and craft guilds that developed during the Middle Ages

c

Which of the following is an example of shifting cultivation? A. hunting and gathering B. crop rotation C. slash-and-burn farming D. planting a vegetable garden

c

Which of the following is not a characteristic of edge cities? A. They have extensive office space. B. They have extensive retail space. C. They contain more homes than jobs. D. They were developed within the last 50 years.

c

Which of the following is not a concept of the multiple nuclei land-use model? A. Cities can become clusters that surround multiple CBD areas. B. Cities no longer need one downtown or CBD. C. Low-income residential areas will surround industrial areas in a city. D. Cars gave citizens the freedom to travel and live where they wish.

c

Which of the following is not a reason why pandemic diseases led to the destruction of early cities? A. Cities lacked basic sanitation, and diseases spread through sewage. B. Spaces were overcrowded, allowing for faster transmission of diseases. C. Governments were unprepared and did not have necessary evacuation plans to accommodate the sick. D. Medicine was undeveloped, and treatment was inadequate.

c

Which of the following is not a way in which India has improved its development? A. India has identified knowledge of technology as an export. B. India has education requirements, often through the college level. C. Poverty and disease persist in a sector of Indian society. D. Developing nations have outsourced technology jobs to India.

c

Which of the following issues was the worst problem caused by early surface rail systems? A. They were too expensive for most people. B. They created the first major pollution problems in cities. C. They created gridlock with other traffic on crowded city streets. D. They were incompatible with rail systems between cities.

c

Which of the following nations or regions does not dominate the global marketplace? A. the United States B. Japan C. South Asia D. Western Europe

c

Which of the following organizations emerged from a conference held to provide a framework for global economic cooperation after World War II? A. the IRBD and the IDA B. the Grameen Bank and the UN C. the IMF and the World Bank D. the UN and the NGO

c

Which of the following professions is most similar to an MNC? A. a classroom teacher who informs students of new information B. a manager of a local business that provides goods and services to the immediate community C. a traveling salesperson with business offices in different cities and countries D. a homemaker who organizes the home for his/her family

c

Which of the following scenarios would most likely occur if immigrants opened a restaurant featuring their native cuisine in a small town in America? (For example, Chinese immigrants move to a small town in Texas and open a Chinese restaurant). A. They would get little interest, as Americans generally do not like foreign cuisines. B. The dishes would remain essentially the same. C. The dishes would be changed to reflect the tastes of the new location. D. The dishes would be the same in a small town as they would in an enclave.

c

Which of the following statements about bioengineered foods is false? A. Their DNA has been modified. B. They have been genetically modified. C. They were developed during the Green Revolution. D. Genetic material from another organisms is sometimes added.

c

Which of the following statements about early Mesopotamian civilizations is false? A. Mesopotamia was one of the first places in the world where urbanization occurred. B. Mesopotamian civilizations settled between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. C. Mesopotamia was located in modern-day China. D. Mesopotamian civilizations invented the wheel.

c

Which of the following statements about female illegal migrant workers is false? A. Their work is unregulated by the government. B. They lack access to legal protections. C. Their wages usually are higher than similar formal sector jobs in the same economy. D. Many workers are forced into harsh working conditions, abusive situations, or slavery.

c

Which of the following statements about large farms is false? A. Large farms have lower building costs per acre. B. Large farms have lower labor costs per acre. C. Large farms face greater risks if market prices fluctuate. D. Large farms have lower mechanical costs per acre.

c

Nations usually specialize in industries where they have a comparative advantage. quaternary sector. secondary sector. primary objective.

comparative advantage

"Chinatown" communities helped immigrants by doing all of the following except __________. A. providing housing for immigrants B. giving assistance in employment placement C. helping native Chinese speakers learn English D. protecting Chinese immigrants from all discrimination

d

According to Walt Rostow's modernization model, a country becomes developed when __________. A. it becomes agriculturally self-sufficient B. it mobilizes capital for business investments, thereby increasing its exports C. it has a high literacy rate and widespread access to education for people of all social classes D. it has an economy based on the production of goods and services demanded by the global economy

d

Agricultural subsidies in the United States began during the __________. A. American Revolution B. Civil War C. Panic of 1873 D. Great Depression

d

All of the following are examples of new urbanism, except __________. A. the creation of mixed-use live-work condominiums B. the development of luxury loft apartments in a renovated factory building C. the idea of five-minute planning: making living spaces that are a five-minute walk from all necessary destinations D. the building of a one-stop shopping big-box retail store to save time and provide convenience

d

All of the following are indicators of a high dependency rate except __________. A. a rapid population growth B. a high death rate and a high birth rate C. a low life expectancy D. a high average age

d

All of the following are typical characteristics of a ghetto except __________. A. economic decline B. decaying infrastructure C. social struggles D. labor shortages

d

An edge city is a __________ that develops the qualities and services usually found in central cities. A. greyfield B. declining suburb C. tract housing development D. growing suburb

d

An export processing zone is __________. A. another name for the top five economies in the world B. the line that divides the world into developed and underdeveloped nations C. a region of a nation that is especially vulnerable to widespread disease D. a region of a nation that gives favorable tax rates to corporations

d

Analyze the image below and answer the question that follows. 2045-10-01-03-00-v2_files/i0050000.jpg Which type of land-use model is shown in the image above? A. Hoyt B. Burgess C. Christaller D. multiple nuclei

d

As of 2010, the most prevalent genetically modified crop grown was __________. A. insect-resistant corn B. insect-resistant cotton C. herbicide-resistant cotton D. herbicide-resistant soybeans

d

Canals and aqueducts allow humans to __________. A. conserve water supplies B. produce hydroelectricity C. settle below river level D. transport people and goods

d

Cities such as Geneva, Switzerland; Brussels, Belgium; and Washington, DC, are considered global cities primarily due to their influence in world __________. A. religion B. culture C. trade, banking, and finance D. government

d

Complex systems of written characters were developed in the Huang He and Yangtze River Valleys __________. A. by the Sumerian civilization B. by the ancient Egyptians C. by the Toltec civilization D. during the Shang dynasty

d

Developers decide to build an outdoor shopping complex and two future housing developments by cutting down acres of local woods. Which type(s) of human activity is taking place in this example? A. agriculture B. deforestation C. natural erosion D. urban sprawl and deforestation

d

Dubai is challenged by all of the following environmental factors except __________. A. a warm and dry climate B. a lack of annual rainfall C. scarce freshwater resources D. a lack of valuable natural resources

d

Dubai's many air-conditioned malls are examples of how __________ can change to adapt to climate. A. organic growth B. the natural environment C. a city grid D. the built environment

d

Farm subsidies were started in the United States to __________. A. promote large-scale farming over small farm cooperatives B. increase commodity prices to provide farmers more income C. relieve farmers of the need to work more than 12 hours a day D. assist farmers in desperate economic times during the Great Depression

d

Farmers in California typically do not receive subsidies because __________. A. their farms are not large enough B. their incomes are too large C. California places restrictions on the payment of subsidies D. they typically grow crops that are ineligible for subsidies

d

Freshwater that is produced through desalination is __________. A. more dangerous than water that has been purified by traditional water treatment methods B. more energy-efficient than water that has been produced using other purification methods C. less expensive to produce than water that has been purified using other methods D. generally much more expensive to produce than water produced using other methods

d

Geographers would most likely call a small settlement with a population of about 75 residents a __________. A. district B. town C. township D. village

d

Globally, sea levels have risen by _____ inches over the past 100 years. A. 2 B. 3 C. 5 D. 7

d

Groupings of mass-produced, cookie-cutter homes are called __________ developments. A. greyfield B. big-box retail C. infill D. tract housing

d

How are maquiladoras similar to sweatshops? I. Workers are paid very low wages in both systems. II. Both are prevalent in underdeveloped nations. III. Both are outlawed internationally. A. I. only B. II. only C. I. and III. D. I. and II.

d

How do "global teens" differ from teens of other generations as a result of commoditization? A. A global teen does not attend school. B. A Japanese teen does not have access to other cultures. C. Today's teens can go to the movies, unlike other generations of teenagers. D. Teens, whether in America or Thailand, have access to the same pop culture.

d

How does an island of development promote economic development? A. Islands of development contribute to mining industries because they continue to form mountains. B. Islands of development have been ruled by dictators since the 1950s as part of an economic experiment. C. Islands of development promote international development by creating new islands. D. Islands of development stimulate job creation in underdeveloped nations.

d

How has technology impacted globalization? A. Technology plays no role in globalization. B. Technology currently does not affect globalization, but developing technology will contribute to globalization one day. C. Technology hurts globalization by lengthening the time it takes to spread new ideas. D. Technology connects people around the world, making it easy to spread information and ideas.

d

How many children are working around the world today, according to the ILO? A. 215,000 B. 2.15 million C. 21.5 million D. 215 million

d

How much water was produced for the city of Dubai each day in 2009 using the desalination process? A. 1 million gallons B. 4 million gallons C. 40 million gallons D. 400 million gallons

d

If a country has a low GDP, it __________. A. produces a low number of goods each year, resulting in an economically rich nation B. produces a high number of goods each year, resulting in an economically poor nation C. produces a high number of goods each year, resulting in an economically rich nation D. produces a low number of goods each year, resulting in an economically poor nation

d

If the United States government were to regulate its financial structures, including banks and businesses, which of the following criteria of a capitalist economy would it violate? A. Consumer interests affect capitalism. B. Prices and wages are set by supply and demand. C. Privately owned resources are used to make a profit. D. Government involvement in businesses and markets must be limited.

d

Immigrants can contribute most significantly to changes in the city's physical form by creating __________. A. new languages and dialects B. new cuisines and foods C. new pastimes and games D. new neighborhoods set apart from the city

d

In a settlement that is a higher-order settlement but not a primate city, we are likely to find all of the following except __________. A. theatres B. gas stations C. professional sports stadiums D. regional government headquarters

d

In order to receive a structural adjustment loan, a nation might have to do all of the following except __________. A. hold free elections B. reduce spending in health care and education C. increase the privatization of some industries D. increase tariffs

d

In which of the following scenarios would the WTO be criticized? A. Less-expensive goods promote consumer well-being. B. BMW of Germany can sell its cars in the United States. C. Japanese car manufacturing boosts the nation's economy. D. A Japanese textile company purchases US cotton instead of Kenyan cotton.

d

Many products and services are available to the global society as a result of the WTO. Which of the following goods or services would not fall under WTO jurisdiction? A. cars B. oil C. bananas D. health care

d

Miami's large Cuban immigrant population introduced all of the following foods, cultural activities, or pastimes to the city except __________. A. Spanish-language television shows B. Cuban sandwiches C. salsa dancing and Latin music D. Miami Dolphins football

d

Most modern nations have __________ economies. A. traditional B. purely free-market C. government-planned D. mixed

d

Which of the following is not a negative effect of erosion? A. landslides B. increased flooding C. threats to biodiversity D. limited deforestation

d

Which of the following is not a reason why Shenzen, China, is considered an emerging global city? A. It is growing in importance in its region. B. It is located in a special economic zone, making it attractive to foreign investment. C. It has good transportation and manufacturing centers. D. Its economic growth is declining.

d

Which of the following is not a step people can take to reduce their risk of pesticide exposure? A. Wash all produce with a brush, or peel fruits and vegetables before eating them. B. Buy only organic produce. C. Buy organic varieties of foods that are at a high risk for pesticides and conventional varieties for those at a lower risk. D. Buy the cheapest fruits and vegetables available.

d

Which of the following is not a way in which job specialization affected agriculture? A. It created a smaller demand for farmers. B. It encouraged permanent settlements. C. It led to agricultural innovations. D. It required more resources and resulted in less free time.

d

Which of the following is not an advantage of genetically modified (GM) foods? A. They are sometimes more flavorful than non-GM foods. B. They can be more resistant to pests than non-GM foods. C. They can have a longer shelf life than non-GM foods. D. They can be more expensive than non-GM foods.

d

Which of the following is not an effect of urban sprawl? A. increased land use B. increased pollution C. increased resource consumption D. increased use of public transportation

d

Which of the following is not an example of mixed-use development? A. building houses and apartments together B. building small condos near large older houses C. mixing stores, homes, and schools in the same urban neighborhoods D. building gated communities at a distance from commercial developments

d

Which of the following is not one of the ILO's four core labor standards? A. the abolition of child labor B. the elimination of forced and compulsory labor C. the freedom to unionize and bargain collectively D. the elimination of sweatshops

d

Which of the following is the best description of a cul-de-sac? A. a suburban park in a natural setting B. a dead-end street in a residential neighborhood C. a small group of houses built on a large tract of farmland D. an architectural design favored by French immigrants to the US

d

Which of the following lists ranks the type of country in order of influence from most powerful to least powerful? A. semi-periphery, external, core, periphery B. external, semi-periphery, core, periphery C. core, periphery, external, semi-periphery D. core, semi-periphery, periphery, external

d

Which of the following phrases best describes a primate city? A. a city of chimpanzees and orangutans B. a city with more than ten million residents C. a city whose per capita income is among the top ten cities in a country D. a city that is the largest and most influential in its region

d

Which of the following scenarios would not be considered part of the informal sector? A. Jane sells copies of illegally downloaded videos to her friends. B. Allen, a middle school student, is paid to mow lawns for his neighbors. C. Miguel pays cash for a stack of children's books at a yard sale. D. Erin pays taxes on each paycheck she receives at work.

d

Which of the following services or businesses would likely not be found in a lower-order settlement? A. a large farm B. a gas station C. a big-box department store D. a hospital specializing in cancer treatment

d

Which of the following statements about Henry Ford's Model T assembly line is false? A. Mass production on the assembly line began in 1913. B. Henry Ford's assembly line utilized a conveyer belt. C. Cars were manufactured in 93 minutes. D. Prices of cars remained unchanged.

d

Which of the following statements about interchangeable parts is false? A. All parts of a particular type are identical. B. Interchangeable parts were first used by clockmakers in the 1700s. C. Machine-made interchangeable parts made skilled craftsmen unnecessary for most industrial production. D. Interchangeable parts were first used in the US by Henry Ford.

d

Which of the following statements about language in Canada is true? A. Canada requires all people to speak English. B. Canada requires all people to speak French. C. Canada requires all people to speak both English and French. D. Canada's government wants to preserve French within the province of Quebec.

d

Which of the following statements about quotas in the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is false? A. Quotas determine how much each country contributes to IMF funding. B. Quotas are determined by the size of a nation's economy. C. The US has 17% of all votes on policy decisions. D. The US and Japan are the only countries with enough votes to block certain decisions single-handedly.

d

Which three countries have been most involved in the conflict over Kashmir? A. Afghanistan, China, and Pakistan B. Bangladesh, India, and China C. Burma, India, and Pakistan D. China, India, and Pakistan

d

Who or what manages the economy and determines production in a planned economy? A. a tribal leader B. the forces of supply and demand C. an elected committee of experts D. the government

d

Why are export processing zones controversial solutions to economic barriers? A. The exports processed in these zones are of poor quality. B. They are located in dangerous geographic regions. C. They use local livestock to produce food for export rather than to feed the nation's citizens. D. They exploit workers and observe less strict environmental rules.

d

You would expect to see all of the following in a patriarchal society, except __________. A. lower wages for women B. fewer educational opportunities for women C. more social marginalization for women D. equal representation for women in business

d

__________ made mass production relatively easy in many industries. A. The spinning jenny B. The power generator C. Vulcanized rubber D. Interchangeable parts

d

The most essential ingredient for industrialization is

energy

A multinational corporation is a company that is owned by at least two investors who live in different countries.

false

According to Walter Christaller's central place theory, smaller cities are able to provide a more diverse array of services than larger cities.

false

Because it focuses specifically on agriculture, the International Olive Council is not considered an intergovernmental organization.

false

Bioengineered foods have been synthesized in the lab and are mass-produced in factories.

false

Cities on the United States' East Coast and West Coast share common histories and cultures that largely were influenced by the Dutch, British, and French colonists who settled them.

false

City parks are part of the natural environment.

false

Countries with low GDPs are the most highly developed countries in the world.

false

Immigrant culture has transformed city language but has had little impact on architecture.

false

Improvements in technology make the world seem larger to people.

false

Intergovernmental organizations focus only on political and economic issues.

false

Korea was separated by armed conflict following World War II and reunited after the Paris Peace Accords.

false

Major cities in the western US are more likely to be older than major cities on the Atlantic Coast.

false

Phoenix, Arizona, is an example of an American city that developed organically, similar to many European cities.

false

The development of rail and automobile transportation has shaped the growth of US cities, while the development of flight has led to their decline.

false

The production of bioengineered foods increased rapidly between 2000 and 2005, but declined for the next five years.

false

The risk of job-related accidents exceeds the risk of job-related diseases in the United States.

false

The term "ghettoization" refers to the urban restoration of inner cities.

false

The term "unification" refers to the merging of two states into one, but not to the creation of regional political or economic blocs.

false

Tokyo Bay has been rising for the last 150 years. In the process, it has reclaimed land from the city of Tokyo.

false

Two-thirds of all illiterate adults worldwide are men.

false

Underdeveloped nations do not exploit girls and women to make money.

false

Unlike the Czech Republic, Slovakia is not a member of either the EU or NATO.

false

Worldwide, households headed by females are less likely to live in poverty.

false

Which totally revolutionized industry by increasing efficiency? the factory system mass production new materials water power

mass production

A conference of nations was brought together in 1944 to create institutions that would ensure there would be no more world wars.

true

A suburb is a residential community that is dependent on a larger metropolitan area.

true

According to Walter Christaller's central place theory, smaller cities focus on providing urgent daily needs, while larger cities provide a more diverse array of services.

true

Africa experiences a high level of air pollution because it has more old vehicles on the road than industrialized regions do.

true

Cargo and mail transport increased commerce between cities with the growth of the flight industry.

true

Chinese immigrants to the US were subject to discrimination and violence during the late 1800s.

true

Cities can become segregated when older areas decline and wealthy citizens flee decaying neighborhoods.

true

Climate influences the design of human structures, and human structures can influence climate.

true

Germany was separated into two nations following World War II.

true

In the United States, women earn 77 cents for every dollar a man earns.

true

Influential global cities are located disproportionately in certain parts of the world.

true

Informal labor is part of every country's economy.

true

Language shapes culture, and culture shapes language.

true

Large farms produce more than half of all agricultural products in the USA.

true

Only certain crops are eligible for subsidies.

true

Organic food is the fastest-growing sector of US agriculture.

true

Political instability often leads to economic instability, which leads to more political instability. This creates a vicious cycle.

true

Religion is a set of devoutly followed beliefs that often explain the creation of the universe and the nature of human existence.

true

Removing particulates from smokestack emissions is an example of an "end of pipe" remedy.

true

Rural areas are any areas that aren't considered "urban."

true

Suburban enclaves tend to be populated by educated immigrants who have recently arrived in the US.

true

The United Nations is the largest international organization in the world.

true

The amount of freshwater on the planet is not increasing.

true

The loss of tax revenues in poor neighborhoods can lead to decaying public buildings.

true

The use of asbestos has been banned or severely restricted in many countries.

true

Traditionally, the WTO's procedures favor core nations.

true

Undocumented workers frequently are part of an economy's informal sector.

true

Wallerstein's periphery nations are the same nations that fall inside the Brandt Line.

true

Westernization commonly is referred to as Americanization.

true

When a country's cities follow rank-size distribution, the second-largest city has half the population of the largest city.

true

While many Great Lakes cities are losing population yearly, the American Southwest is one of the country's fastest-growing regions.

true

Which of the following potential solutions could help a crowded city improve its management of water supplies? A. encourage citizens to conserve water in their homes B. allow unregulated dumping in rivers and creeks C. encourage citizens to grow water-intensive crops D. help citizens use more water on agricultural crops

a

Which of the following regions experienced the greatest impact from deforestation between 1990 and 2010? A. the Amazon Rainforest of South America B. the Black Forest of Germany C. the boreal forest of southern Canada D. the temperate rainforest of the Pacific Northwest

a

Which of the following scenarios illustrates an example of how environmental policies have resulted in the reversal of environmental damage? A. Banning CFCs has resulted in the shrinking of a hole in the ozone above Antarctica. B. Proper regulation by Ukrainian authorities prevented a catastrophe in Chernobyl. C. New environmental policies have slowed the progress of climate change. D. Banning certain fertilizers has reduced the rate of eutrophication around the globe.

a

Which of the following slogans best exemplifies Wallerstein's theory of systems? A. The rich get richer while the poor get poorer. B. If you work hard enough, you can achieve anything. C. Everything in the world balances out. D. Money and power are not related.

a

Which of the following statements about Industrial Revolution work conditions is false? A. Many women worked to earn money for extras, like family vacations. B. Many children worked in US factories. C. Workers could be hired or fired at will. D. A large available workforce helped keep wages low.

a

Which of the following statements about demographics and transportation in eastern cities is false? A. Eastern cities were the first to have urban freeways and expressways. B. Eastern cities were the first to have rapid transit systems in America. C. Eastern cities have larger downtowns and central business districts. D. Eastern cities have more shared housing and mixed neighborhoods.

a

Which of the following statements about places where education for women is not valued is false? A. Women marry later and have fewer children. B. Women have few opportunities for professional careers. C. Women have lower literacy rates. D. Women are less likely to graduate from high school and college.

a

Which of the following statements about the Grameen Bank is false? A. About half of the borrowers are women. B. The bank has branches throughout rural areas in Bangladesh. C. The bank was the first institution to utilize the microcredit concept. D. Loans disbursed are typically under $100.

a

Which of the following statements about working mothers in the United States is false? A. Working mothers are given 16 months maternity leave. B. About 26% of US children are raised by a single parent. C. Working mothers are less likely to be promoted. D. In low-income households, more than 30% of income is spent on child care.

a

Which of the following statements about workplace safety is false? A. Risks of deaths from occupational disease are outpaced only by the risk of accidental deaths. B. Job-related accidents and illnesses are rising in the developing world. C. Workplace accidents account for 1.7 million deaths worldwide each year. D. Rapid industrialization and the lack of safety training increase the risks of occupational accidents and illnesses.

a

Which of the following statements best describes Shenzhen, China? A. It is an emerging global city. B. It is a declining global city. C. It is a former global city. D. It never was a global city.

a

Which of the following statements best describes the political situation in Eritrea following independence? A. Eritrea still has a transitional government; no national elections have been held, and no consistution has been implemented. B. Eritrea established a parliamentary monarchy after independence and quickly ratified a constitution. C. Civil war between Christians and Muslims has made establishing government control and stability nearly impossible. D. Eritrea failed to establish a system of government after gaining independence; warlords continue to battle for control.

a

Which of the following statements best explains the cause of the great fire of Rome in 65 CE? A. The homes were made of wooden materials and built close together, allowing the fire to spread quickly. B. Sparks from a volcanic eruption set the neighboring countryside on fire before spreading quickly throughout the city. C. Poor sanitation caused gutters to back up with debris, lessening the city's ability to respond with adequate water resources and allowing the fire to spread quickly. D. An invading army from Judea set the city's temple on fire; the rest of the city caught fire quickly, and the city was destroyed.

a

Which of the following statements best summarizes the effects of the London Fog of 1952? A. Pollution from coal fires caused over 4,000 deaths, leading the British government to change their outlook on pollution. B. Smog caused by automobiles hung over London for three months, prompting businesses to stagger their employees' working hours. C. Smog produced by steel mills reduced visibility in London to near zero. Many businesses moved out of the city, relocating to Bristol. D. Fog produced by the overheating of the Thames River blanketed the city for half a year, until steel mills diverted their hot effluent to cooling towers.

a

Which of the following statements does not describe a likely effect of a society's being culturally isolationist? A. Internet access would be widespread and uncensored. B. Citizens would have few civil liberties, such as freedom of speech and religion. C. The government would try to limit the influence of outside cultures. D. Few foreign movies, television shows, or news programs would be broadcast.

a

Which of the following statements does not describe a way the sewing machine industry changed after the introduction of interchangeable parts? A. The costs of sewing machines began to increase. B. Isaac Singer invented a machine for home use. C. Sales of home machines increased. D. The mass production of home sewing machines began.

a

Which of the following statements is false? A. Mass production eliminated the need for people to work in factories. B. In industry, the job of creating an object often is broken down into many steps, each of which is done by a different person. C. Even as new energy sources are discovered, former energy sources continue to be used. D. The concept of interchangeable parts was critical to the success of the assembly-line process.

a

Which of the following statements provides the best analysis of what happened to Detroit, Michigan? A. Accelerated globalization drew manufacturing away from Detroit to other countries. B. Detroit remade itself from a global manufacturing city to a world-renowned cultural center. C. Detroit responded to the 2008 economic downturn by hiring workers displaced from other industries. D. Countries moved their auto manufacturing plants to Detroit to take advantage of their skilled workers and product innovations.

a

Which pollutant did the United States begin taxing in 1990? A. CFCs B. TFCs C. HDCs D. BMPs

a

Which two characteristics of settlements are most closely connected to Walter Christaller's central place theory? A. the size of a settlement and the services it can offer B. the income per capita of a settlement and its cost of living C. the size of a settlement and its income per capita D. the income per capita of a settlement and its gross domestic product

a

Which type of land-use model is shown on the chart above? A. Hoyt B. Burgess C. Christaller D. multiple nuclei

a

Why are tract homes popular? A. They are less expensive for home buyers and developers. B. They have unique designs and floor plans. C. They are always located on dead-end streets within residential communities. D. They are located in exclusive and expensive gated communities that restrict access.

a

Women are more likely to lose their jobs during an economic downturn because __________. A. many work in the informal sector B. maternity leave does not secure their positions C. most countries require companies to lay off women before men D. many are part of the unpaid labor force

a

https://media.edgenuity.com/evresources/2045-10-01-04-00-v2_files/i0090000.jpg The image above depicts a relationship between a form of transportation and the city. Based on your understanding of this relationship, the best title for this image is __________. A. "Rail and the City" B. "Infrastructure and Rapid Transport" C. "Flight and the City" D. "Automobiles and the City"

a

Although China's total economic output, measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP), is third largest in the world, it is considered a developing nation. What is most likely the most important factor for this designation? A. China's government spends money on things that do not benefit human development. B. China has a large population, so its GDP per person is only modest. C. China has a strong economy but weak literacy and school attendance rates. D. China's high rates of disease offset the country's economic gains.

b

An intergovernmental orgainzation is best described as __________. A. any international corporation or organization B. an organization of states that pursue shared goals C. an organization that is beyond government control D. any international nonprofit humanitarian organization

b

Anoxia, or a lack of oxygen in bodies of water, leads to __________. A. unsafe drinking water B. dead zones C. global warming D. algae blooms

b

Assimilating to a new culture means to do all of the following except __________. A. learn the language spoken in the new location B. abandon the old language and traditions in favor of the new C. adopt the principles of government and behavior in the new culture D. practice the new culture's traditions and holidays

b

Based on the chart above, the countries with the lowest human development are located on which continent __________. A. Asia B. Africa C. Australia D. North America

b

Cities like New York, Los Angeles/Hollywood, Paris, and Tokyo are considered global cities primarily due to their influence in world __________. A. religion B. culture C. trade, banking, and finance D. government

b

Countries that are on the rise economically and growing in importance in the global economy but still have large numbers of the population living in poverty are considered __________ economies. A. core B. semi-periphery C. periphery D. external

b

Desalination is best described as __________. A. creating seawater from freshwater B. creating freshwater from seawater C. combining freshwater with seawater D. combining rain water with ground water

b

How are humans most at risk by toxic dumping into oceans and other waterways? A. They have a higher risk of breathing in pollutants. B. They have an increased risk of ingesting contaminated water and seafood. C. They have a decreased risk of getting certain cancers. D. They likely will suffer a loss of employment due to companies being forced out of business by government regulators.

b

How did the invention of the steam engine first improve land transportation? A. It was used to power the steam car. B. It was used to power the first trains. C. It was used to power the Model T Ford. D. It was used to power the horseless carriage.

b

How many species are lost to extinction each day as a result of deforestation? A. 10 B. 100 C. 1,000 D. 10,000

b

How much of the United States female population works outside of the home? A. half B. two-thirds C. three-quarters D. one-third

b

Important state labor laws and safety regulations came about as a result of the 1911 __________. A. Labor Relations Act B. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire C. Homestead Strike D. Massachusetts Child Safety Campaign

b

In South Africa, segregating policies of __________ physically separated race groups. A. obsolescence B. apartheid C. deterioration D. urban decay

b

In a low-income household in the developed world, more than 30% of a woman's income typically goes toward __________. A. transportation costs B. child care C. clothing and incidentals D. the repayment of educational loans

b

Insurance payments that are given to employees if they are injured on the job are called __________. A. unemployment insurance B. workman's compensation C. disability insurance D. social security

b

Jobs that involve creating something out of raw materials, like constructing new homes, are part of the __________ sector of the economy. A. primary B. secondary C. tertiary D. quaternary

b

Many international cultures are becoming westernized. Which of the following scenarios would best symbolize the effect of this process on indigenous cultures? A. a pot boiling on the stove B. a scale tipping heavily in one direction C. children sharing their toys D. money earning interest in a bank

b

Mexico City is an example of how humans alter their environment because it was __________. A. one of the world's largest cities B. built on drained and filled lake beds C. built after conquest by the Spanish D. once the capital of the Aztec empire

b

Microcredit loans typically are used to __________. A. buy a home B. start a small business out of one's home C. improve infrastructure D. open a store or restaurant

b

The graph above shows the population of Brazil's largest cities. According to the graph, how does Brazil's third-largest city compare with its second-largest city? A. The third-largest city is about one-third the size of the second-largest city. B. The third-largest city is about one-half the size of the second-largest city. C. The third-largest city is about two-thirds the size of the second-largest city. D. The third-largest city is about three-fourths the size of the second-largest city.

b

The graph above shows the population of Brazil's largest cities. How does the second-largest city compare with the largest city, according to the graph? A. The second-largest city is about one-third the size of the largest city. B. The second-largest city is about one-half the size of the largest city. C. The second-largest city is about two-thirds the size of the largest city. D. The second-largest city is about three-fourths the size of the largest city.

b

The increasing popularity of soccer in America is an example of how __________. A. Americans have rejected the influence of other cultures B. immigrants have affected America's culture C. immigrants have created cultural enclaves D. American culture has spread around the world

b

The largest city in Brazil, Sao Paulo, has a population of about 11 million. Based on the rank-size rule, what is the population of the second-largest city, Rio de Janeiro, most likely to be? A. 8 - 10 million B. 5 - 6 million C. about 3 million D. about 1 million

b

The majority of scientists predict that the rise in global temperature by 2100 will range from __________. A. 1° F to 4° F B. 2° F to 10° F C. 5° F to 15° F D. 10° F to 20° F

b

The most significant factor that has resulted in an unequal society in Johannesburg, South Africa, is its __________. A. dependence on gold and diamond industries, goods that rise and fall rapidly in price B. history of segregation and apartheid C. climate, which is unsuitable for agriculture D. history of conflict with its neighbors

b

The process of __________ takes its name from cases where banks outlined parts of cities that were deemed too risky for financing. A. transference B. redlining C. obsolescence D. infilling

b

The public space for government speech in ancient Athens was called __________. A. a stadia B. the Pnyx C. a coliseum D. the Parthenon

b

The shift from agriculture to industrialization illustrates that __________. A. land has become scarce B. economies change over time C. society has become more materialistic D. people prefer working in mills to working the fields

b

The term "global warming" refers to __________. A. the warming of regions of the Earth during the summer B. increased average temperatures on the Earth's surface C. changes in temperature as a result of decreased ozone D. daily changes in temperature, from sunrise to sunset

b

Today, one of Mexico City's greatest technological challenges is __________. A. arable land B. sinking land C. extreme drought D. population decline

b

What happened in Bhopal, India, in 1984? A. A nuclear reactor exploded, killing 30 people. B. Deadly gases from a pesticide factory killed 20,000 people. C. The dam holding back a toxic waste retention pond failed, flooding 10,000 homes with benzene. D. An oil tanker crashed into a harbor dock, spilling 55,000 gallons of oil at the mouth of the Ganges River.

b

What is it called when a group of people identify themselves based on a distinct culture, belief system, religion, or history? A. race B. ethnicity C. nationality D. class

b

What is one of the most common effects of land reclamation? A. decreased agricultural yields B. decreased risk of flooding C. increased land subsidence D. increased risk of earthquakes

b

What is the definition of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)? A. an indicator used to measure the overall happiness of citizens based on their community involvement B. the total value of officially recorded goods and services produced in a country's borders within a given year C. the monetary worth of goods and services produced in a country, plus income earned from investments outside of the country D. the total value of officially recorded goods and services produced by companies and citizens, both inside and outside a country's borders, within a given year

b

What is the difference between hybridization and genetic modification? A. These are two terms that mean the same thing; these plants are created by additions or deletions to DNA. B. Hybridized crops are created through natural cross-pollination; genetically modified crops are created by additions or deletions to DNA. C. Genetically modified crops are created through natural cross-pollination; hybridized crops are created by additions or deletions to DNA. D. These are two terms that mean the same thing; these plants are created through natural cross-pollination.

b

Which of the following issues is not a factor in increasing pollution levels in crowded cities? A. home heating and fireplaces B. water conservation C. vehicle emissions D. industrial pollution

b

What was the primary cause of the London Fog of 1952? A. Global warming trapped hot air from blast furnaces in the lower regions of the atmosphere. B. Cold air led to heavy use of coal, and the smoke from the coal fires was trapped close to the ground by a temperature inversion. C. Effluents from steel factories raised the temperature of the Thames River, producing increased water vapor that condensed as soon as it contacted the air. D. Unusually strong winds pushed air up the slopes of nearby mountains, where it condensed into fog and was pushed back to the ground by a temperature inversion.

b

When the US housing market crashed in 2008, the effect was felt worldwide. This kind of monetary connection can best be described as a(n) __________ connection. A. cultural B. economic C. industrial D. political

b

When the house in the photo above was constructed in the early 1900s, it belonged to a wealthy family. Today, it is located in a very poor neighborhood in the city of Los Angeles. The process by which this occurred is called __________. A. discrimination and racism B. deterioration and filtering C. isolation and separation D. segregation and oppression

b

Which ancient civilization relied primarily on underground rivers, springs, and lakes to support their cities? A. Mesopotamian B. Mesoamerican C. Egyptian D. Chinese

b

Which four principles does the United Nations Global Compact for multinational corporations address? A. the distribution of power, tariffs, trade barriers, and negotiation B. human rights, labor standards, the environment, and anti-corruption C. sanctions, compensation, the environment, and human rights D. tariffs, trade standards, the environment, and compensation

b

Which model for city growth states that cities grow outward along transportation routes, forming shapes like spokes on a wheel? A. the Burgess model B. the Hoyt model C. the Jenson model D. the multiple nuclei model

b

Which of the following areas for early civilizations did not depend on annual river flooding for agriculture? A. the Huang He Valley B. Mesoamerica C. Mesopotamia D. Egypt

b

Which of the following definitions best characterizes the green movement? A. an academic research study of effective agricultural methods B. a movement to implement environmentally sound practices C. a radical movement to halt human use of all natural resources D. an appeal to increase conservation practices in forest management

b

Which of the following definitions best fits the term underclass? A. a city's level of pollutants and emissions B. a city's poorest and most disadvantaged citizens C. a city's urban heat island structures D. a city's economic leadership

b

Which of the following energy sources is attributed to Edwin Drake and had a significant impact on industrialization during the Industrial Revolution? A. nuclear energy B. petroleum energy C. electric energy D. steam energy

b

Which of the following factors does the US government use to track farm size? A. only the number of acres under cultivation B. only the annual sales of products produced C. both the number of acres under cultivation and annual sales D. the number of people employed by the farm

b

Which of the following groups is the least likely to work in the informal sector of the economy? A. women B. men C. children D. elderly people

b

Which of the following indexs includes factors such as use of time, environmental issues, and income distribution to determine development? A. Human Development Index B. Genuine Progress Indicator C. Gross National Happiness D. Gross National Income

b

Which of the following is not a way in which MNCs typically promote economic growth within a host country? A. They create jobs. B. They always provide retirement and other benefits. C. They often provide training to local workers for increased productivity and efficiency. D. They often provide higher wages to their employees than domestic firms in the host country.

b

Which of the following is not a way in which redlining can increase economic problems in a city? A. Residents may lose essential services. B. The city's tax base begins to increase. C. Companies refuse to invest in poorer neighborhoods. D. Cities may place services in nice areas.

b

Which of the following is not an argument in support of subsidies? A. They keep food prices down. B. They improve the quality of produce. C. They are necessary because of high costs. D. They guarantee consistent levels of production.

b

Which of the following is not likely to occur if a city loses its tax base due to economic decline? A. The city will have fewer police and fire fighters. B. City residents will have adequate health care and hospital services. C. The city will have a decline in public housing. D. Public and private buildings will decay.

b

Which of the following is the best example of five-minute planning with regard to urban design? A. designing intersections on city streets with five-minute traffic light intervals B. planning housing communities that are within a five-minute walk of important destinations C. designing a strip mall that is more than five minutes away from other destinations D. planning freeways to create offramps that are more than five minutes away from destinations

b

Which of the following is the best example of the natural environment influencing the built environment? A. the use of aqueducts to carry water from the Owens River to the city of Los Angeles B. the underground social spaces created in Montreal to tolerate extreme winter temperatures C. the existence of zebra mussels in the Great Lakes D. the construction of an airport in the harbor of Tokyo Bay

b

Which resources are significantly polluted by heavy metals like mercury? A. soil B. water C. neither A nor B D. both A and B

d

Which of the following statements best describes why cottage industries began to decline after industrialization? A. Craftsmen no longer were valued for their skills. B. New machinery was large, expensive, and unsuitable for home manufacturing. C. Handcrafted products were of lower cost, but also of lower quality than machine-made products. D. Home industry workers no longer were willing to work the long hours needed to stay competitive with modern factories.

b

Which of the following statements best identifies how the growth of the city of Los Angeles affected the Owens River Valley? A. Runoff from large areas of asphalt eroded soil from the river valley, added silt to the river, and destroyed fishes' habitats. B. Water was diverted from the river valley to supply drinking water to Los Angeles. C. The river valley was filled with soil that was dredged out of the harbor as Los Angeles expanded. D. Acid rain from Los Angeles changed the chemistry of the river, resulting in the death of many fish.

b

Which of the following statements describes a benefit of a grid city? A. The city is planned, which is believed to lead to a happier life for citizens. B. The streets are aligned to coordinates or to the cardinal directions, which allows for quicker transport. C. Memorials and artistic spaces inspire respect for the city, and open green spaces invite recreation and encourage health. D. The city is organized in concentric rings around an epicenter or downtown area; the wealthier live farthest from the city center, and the poor live closest to factories or industrialized areas.

b

Which of the following statements does not describe a characteristic of the city of Dubai? A. Temperatures can reach 110 degrees in summer. B. It suffers from slow economic growth and low GDP. C. Water scarcity and electrical production are issues. D. Artificial islands have been created to increase land supply.

b

Which of the following statements does not describe a criticism of MNCs? A. MNCs create environmental damage. B. MNCs only work on a local level and rarely impact the global economy. C. MNCs can increase unemployment in core countries by outsourcing jobs to developing nations. D. MNCs have considerable influence on governments, so they can get their desires met even if they maintain poor working conditions.

b

Which of the following statements provides the best analysis of what happens to freshwater lakes that are polluted by nitrates and phosphates? A. Nitrates and phosphates are lethal to fish populations. B. Nitrates and phosphates promote algae bloom, increasing bacteria in the water, which use oxygen needed by marine life. C. Nitrates and phosphates increase the acidity of the water, promoting the growth of some fish populations and the decrease of others. D. Nitrates and phosphates have no effect on the fish population, but they limit plant growth by filtering the light they require to thrive.

b

Which of the following terms best describes the use of environmentally friendly farming methods to conserve soil and water? A. slash-and-burn farming B. sustainable agriculture C. conservation D. ecology

b

Which of the following was not a reason why natural disasters unpredictably destroyed cities? A. Cities were located near danger zones for earthquakes, floods, droughts, or volcanic eruptions. B. Cities lacked strong military defenses, and fire often was used as a weapon. C. Governments were unprepared and did not have evacuation plans. D. Poor building materials meant that structures were destroyed easily.

b

Why is a lack of property rights for women so problematic? A. Women who own property always have equal rights in most societies. B. The lack of property rights makes it difficult to accumulate wealth and hampers a woman's decision-making abilities. C. Women who own property have lower literacy rates. D. Women without property are more likely to graduate from high school and college.

b

Why was it important to early agriculture for civilizations to be close to rivers? A. River gods were some of the most important gods to early humans because they regulated the flood waters. B. Annual river floods replaced the soil, which improved the crops. C. Rivers often provided access to the open seas, which made trans-oceanic trade more profitable. D. Animals and crops avoided cold and destructive frosts, and preferred to be close to river sources.

b

Which special agency within the United Nations provides long-term humanitarian care to children and mothers in developing countries? A. ILO B. WFP C. UNICEF D. WHO

c

Which of the following statements about pesticides and residue is false? A. Most conventionally grown produce has detectable levels of pesticides when purchased from the store. B. The US government has determined that small levels of pesticides in produce is safe for human consumption. C. Organic produce always will be pesticide-free. D. Farm workers, children, and pregnant women are at greatest health risk from pesticides.

c

Which of the following statements about topsoil is false? A. Topsoil forms very slowly. B. Topsoil is full of nutrients and good for farming. C. Topsoil can be found only on farmland. D. Human activities can accelerate the erosion of topsoil.

c

Which of the following statements about working in the formal employment sector is false? A. Medicare, social security, and income taxes will be withheld from your paycheck as required by law. B. Employers must follow workplace safety laws. C. Teenagers under 18 are free to work as many hours per week as they want. D. Employers must follow federal and state minimum wage requirements.

c

Which of the following statements best characterizes the risk of ground-level ozone and air pollution? A. It contaminates the food supply. B. It contaminates the water supply. C. It is very harmful to human health. D. It disrupts the food chain in lakes.

c

Which of the following statements best describes the cause of the Korean War? A. Vietnam invaded North Korea to repel the communists. B. South Korea invaded North Korea to try to unify the two states. C. North Korea invaded South Korea to try to unify the two states. D. The Soviet Union invaded North Korea, and the US tried to repel their forces.

c

Which of the following statements best describes why most cultures have changed over time? A. All cultures have been colonized by an outside power at one time or another. B. All immigrants abandon their native cultures and assimilate into new ones. C. New elements and ideas are spread and adopted into existing cultures. D. Decreased trade and communication have increased connections between people.

c

Which of the following statements best explains the growth of single-family homes in US suburbs following World War II? A. Industrial pollution drove people out of the city. B. The large number of returning veterans needed homes. C. Booming industry resulted in more wealthy people who could afford homes. D. Military bases closed after the war, creating more space in which to build single-family homes.

c

Which of the following statements does not describe a benefit of sweatshops? A. Pay usually is equal to or greater than the national average. B. Factories introduce new skills to the workforce. C. Work conditions and hours usually are fair and comparable to what is seen in the US. D. Underdeveloped countries benefit from increased technology.

c

Which of the following statements does not describe microcredit loans? A. Microcredit loans are most common in poor, developing countries. B. The UN estimates that women make up 76% of microcredit customers. C. Microcredit loans are interest-free. D. NGOs around the world currently use microcredit loans.

c

Which of the following statements is false? A. Improved materials allow an industrialized economy to grow and change. B. Changes in technology come through innovations and inventions. C. Industrialization began with a flood of invention in the automotive industry. D. The development of machines led to the beginning of the factory system.

c

Which of the following statements is false? A. Steam power replaced waterpower and horsepower as the most effective source of power in the industrialized world. B. Scottish inventor James Watt produced the first practical steam engine. C. Michael Faraday was the first to drill a commercially successful oil well in the US. D. Nikola Tesla's alternating current motors were installed at the Niagara Falls Power Project.

c

Which of the following statements is false? A. The IMF has over 180 member nations. B. The IMF and the World Bank are considered special agencies of the UN. C. The IMF and the World Bank focus their efforts on promoting world trade. D. The Bretton Woods Conference is the commonly used name for the conference that created the IMF and the World Bank.

c

Which of the following statements is false? A. Vulcanization improved the quality and endurance of rubber. B. The invention of the puddling furnace improved the quality of iron. C. The flying shuttle made the first air flight possible. D. The Bessemer steel process made steel inexpensive to produce.

c

Which of the following statements provides the best analysis of the origin of the conflict over Kashmir? A. Burma and India fought over mineral rights in Kashmir. B. Kashmiri refugees settled in Bangladesh and initiated the conflict with India. C. China, India, and Pakistan claimed territory in Kashmir after the British left. D. Sharia law was established in Kashmir but was replaced later by the Hindu majority.

c

Which of the following terms best describes a city that can meet and manage all orders of services in surrounding settlements? A. a metropolis B. a megacity C. a primate city D. a higher-order city

c

Which of the following terms describes the millions of types of plants, animals, and microorganisms on Earth? A. ecosystem B. climate C. biodiversity D. habitat

c

Why does organic produce spoil more quickly than conventional produce? A. It is of lower quality. B. It takes longer to grow. C. It is not treated with preservatives. D. Natural fertilizers have this effect on organically grown crops.

c

Why is eliminating child labor problematic? A. Eliminating child labor would lead to labor shortages in many economies. B. Parents would rather their children work than go to school. C. Many families depend on their children's incomes to survive. D. Most countries that have high child labor rates do not see the benefit of eliminating the practice.

c

Why is it difficult to turn strong brands into commodities? A. Consumers are less likely to purchase recognized brand names, making them less likely to be targets for commoditization. B. Strong brands generally have fewer features that are valued by people interested in purchasing commodities. C. A well-established brand more easily resists commoditization because of its reputation, value, innovation, and consumer trust. D. A strong brand escapes trade barriers.

c

__________ training is that which pertains to a particular business or occupation. A. Microcredit B. Industrial C. Vocational D. Asset

c

Most of the eastern United States is humid. How does the humidity on the East Coast prevent desertification? A. Humidity is the number-one cause of desertification. B. No part of the United States is safe from desertification. C. Humidity leads to increased soil salinity, which causes desertification. D. The East Coast's humidity is directly related to the number of trees that restore moisture to the air and allow for soil preservation.

d

One negative consequence of the creation of the Aswan Dam has been __________. A. a reduced ability to produce electricity B. the reduced length of the agricultural growing season C. unpredictable flooding levels that often destroy crops D. smaller soil deposits that require more artificial fertilizers

d

Streets in old European cities are most likely to be __________. A. wide and on a grid of straight lines, excellent for traffic B. wide enough for traffic, but in random patterns due to rapid city growth C. narrow, but on a grid in straight lines D. narrow and in random patterns, designed for pedestrians and not vehicles

d

The Dust Bowl that occurred in America in the 1930s is a dramatic example of erosion caused by __________. A. deforestation B. overgrazing C. climate change D. agricultural cultivation

d

The H2Hope company uses a portion of the proceeds from the bottled water it sells to finance initiatives to provide clean drinking water in underdeveloped nations. Which area of poor levels of social welfare is this initiative attempting to improve? A. lack of roads B. lack of education C. lack of political stability D. lack of health and sanitation supplies

d

The New York City neighborhood pictured above is an example of a(n) __________. A. exclave B. shopping district C. housing district D. enclave

d

The US labor movement began in the _____. A. 1930s B. 1920s C. 1880s D. 1860s

d

The World Health Organization (WHO) is specifically responsible for all of the following except __________. A. promoting healthy living and diet B. distributing vaccines and medications C. monitoring outbreaks of infectious diseases D. providing food during crisis situations

d

The __________ system, which developed in Europe, began when groups of artisans banded together to establish prices and support their trade. A. Pnyx B. leisure C. tax D. guild

d

The chart above compares measures of development using the HDI and GDP. Why might Turkey rank lower in the HDI indicator even though it has a high GDP? A. Turkey has a lower GDP than comparable countries in the HDI ranking. B. Turkey must increase its HDI to have a higher GDP ranking. C. Turkey is only compared to other European countries in GDP, not to the world, as it is in the HDI. D. Turkey may struggle to provide adequate education or health care, or it may have a lower life expectancy.

d

The city of Rome was destroyed by __________ in 65 CE. A. an invasion by the Judean army B. the bubonic plague C. a volcanic eruption D. a major fire

d

The continent with the largest population is __________. A. North America B. Australia C. Africa D. Asia

d

The first agricultural species to be altered by genetic modification was the __________. A. watermelon B. squash C. soybean D. tomato

d

The increasing economic, cultural, political, and social connections between people around the world is called __________. A. the world marketplace B. socialization C. connectivity D. globalization

d

The increasing price of land in the United States has resulted in an increase in the __________. A. number of small farms B. size of small farms C. number of large farms D. size of large farms

d

The inventor in the photo above is Thomas Edison. What is the invention behind him? A. the puddling furnace B. the first steam engine C. the flying shuttle D. the original dynamo (power plant)

d

The primary purpose of Grameen Bank is to __________. A. provide loans to aid in building infrastructure in the world's poorest countries B. provide installment loans to countries in economic crisis C. provide debt relief for poverty-stricken countries D. provide microcredit loans, especially to women

d

Those who believe that sweatshops should not be closed down point out that __________. A. strong labor laws are hard to enforce B. people often waste much of their money if their wages are increased C. child labor in sweatshops may be acceptable under certain conditions D. people work in sweatshops because it is their best alternative

d

Too many fish being caught in a single season can lead to __________. A. increased prices on the market B. unemployment in the fishing industry C. increased water pollution D. fishery collapse

d

What changes did city planners make when designing suburbs? A. City planners built homes closer together, using multipurpose zoning to have homes and shops side by side. B. City planners made sky scrapers multipurpose spaces for living, working, and shopping. C. City planners constructed buildings and planned streets around walking and creating a pedestrian-friendly environment. D. City planners created buildings and planned streets around cars instead of walking.

d

What is one way US workers are affected when jobs are outsourced to less-developed countries? A. US workers are not affected when jobs are outsourced. B. US workers have to move internationally to do their jobs. C. More people come to the US to lighten US workers' workload. D. Workers in foreign countries do US workers' jobs for less money.

d

What is the definition of development? A. the process by which arable land turns dry and unusable B. the preservation of different species of plants and animals C. the study of the effect of gas emissions on climate change D. the use of data to monitor and study economic and social change

d

What is the most likely reason why fewer young people are becoming farmers? A. Fewer people are finding farming to be a very interesting profession. B. There are fewer opportunities to get advanced education in agricultural sciences. C. Most farmers' income is significantly less than the national average. D. Most young people cannot raise the money needed to get started in the profession.

d

What is the name of the treaty that is designed to limit the spread of nuclear weapons and that has been signed by 190 countries? A. the SALT I Treaty B. the SALT II Treaty C. the International Atomic Energy Act D. the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

d

What percent of all farms in the US are small family farms? A. 30% B. 50% C. 70% D. 90%

d

What was the origin of the territorial dispute over Taiwan? A. People from both China and Japan settled on the island in the late 16th century. B. South Koreans fled to the island when the North Koreans drove them off the Inchon Peninsula. C. China developed a whaling trade on Taiwan, threatening Japan's dominance of that industry. D. Chinese nationalists fled to Taiwan when the People's Republic of China was established.

d

What was the relationship between rivers and government in early cities? A. Rivers made governing early cities more difficult because they allowed for easy access by intruders and foreign influences. B. Rivers slowed the development of government and cities because early civilizations were based primarily on agriculture, which required a rural area. C. Rivers hastened the need for government development because agriculture was becoming so successful; widespread agriculture and trade required a system of taxes and trade rules. D. Rivers allowed territorial rulers to travel more quickly to handle rebellion or defend against threats; they also became bases for military operation and command to rule territory effectively.

d

When a country joins the International Monetary Fund, it is assigned a(n) __________ based on the size of its __________. A. account . . . government B. interest rate . . . population C. fee . . . boundaries D. quota . . . economy

d

When tricked into unfair agreements whereby their labor will be used to repay loans, people are said to be in __________. A. a labor union B. a poverty reduction program C. long-term employment D. debt bondage

d

Which ancient urban civilizations are credited with the invention of the wheel? A. ancient Chinese civilizations B. ancient Egyptian civilizations C. ancient Indus River Valley civilizations D. ancient Mesopotamian civilizations

d

Which barrier to economic development is shown in the following examples? I. the high rate of HIV infection in underdeveloped nations II. the use of children as soldiers in Uganda's army in the early 2000s III. low literacy rates in underdeveloped nations with limited exposure to adequate education A. foreign debt B. political instability C. widespread disease D. low levels of social welfare

d

Which early urbanized area is commonly called the Fertile Crescent? A. the Nile River Valley B. the Indus River Valley C. Mesoamerica D. Mesopotamia

d

Which of the following North American cities is not one of the 20 largest in the world? A. New York City B. Mexico City C. Los Angeles D. Chicago

d

Which of the following cities is a example of a grid city? A. Boston B. London C. Tokyo D. Mohenjo-Daro

d

Which of the following definitions best fits the word tenure and its relation to housing? A. the ability to support a city's natural environment B. the right to receive a free education C. the ability to use high levels of water D. the right to live in a place legally

d

Which of the following early urban societies did not always build major cities in river valleys? A. the Huang He Valley B. Mesopotamia C. the Indus Valley D. Mesoamerica

d

Which of the following intergovernmental organizations is responsible for promoting safe workplace conditions and decent wages? A. the Asian Development Bank B. the World Trade Organization C. the North Atlantic Treaty Organization D. the International Labor Organization

d

Which of the following statements about the economies of the world is false? A. The US economy is the largest in the world when measured per country. B. Four of the top five economies, measured in GDP per person, are located in Europe. C. The bottom five economies, measured in GDP per person, are located in Africa. D. The US economy is the largest in the world when measured in GDP per person.

d

Which of the following statements about the urbanization of early civilizations is true? A. Early civilizations tended to take two main forms: nomadic tent dwellers and semi-nomadic herders, both of which existed in the desert and semiarid regions. B. Early civilizations settled in coastal areas because oceanic trade and sea travel were important means of acquiring resources. C. Most early civilizations were located in cooler climates, which supported bigger game hunting, herding, and gathering. D. Early civilizations settled along river valleys because the proximity to water and food sources supported greater populations.

d

Which of the following statements about urbanization is false? A. While urbanization has increased worldwide, some countries are more urbanized than others. B. A little over half of the Earth's total population currently lives in urban areas. C. People traditionally have moved to urban areas for opportunities and a better life. D. Rural areas traditionally have been inhabited by wealthy people who do not need the benefits of a city.

d

Which of the following statements about women in the workforce is false? A. Half of the American workforce is female. B. Since 2000, women collectively have been responsible for more economic growth than China. C. Women are responsible for a disproportionate share of unpaid labor. D. More than half of women work in all countries in the industrialized world.

d

Which of the following statements best assesses the significance of the Minamata disaster? A. It was the largest oil spill to occur before the year 2000. B. It was the first case of air pollution ever recorded in Japan. C. It was the largest release of nuclear radiation ever recorded. D. It was the first officially recognized case of the industrial pollution of seawater.

d

Which of the following statements best characterizes Europe's stance on genetically modified (GM) food? A. France and Spain have been leaders in developing genetically modified strawberries. B. The use of genetically modified agriculture is much more advanced in Europe than in the United States. C. European countries have not shown any interest in genetic modification research and development. D. Many European nations considered banning the import and production of GM foods in 2010.

d

Which of the following statements best describes the city plan for Washington, DC? A. Washington, DC, was unplanned and grew organically to meet the needs of the growing central government. B. After the city was burned to the ground in the War of 1812, the new Washington, DC, was planned as a grid city. C. The city plan for Washington, DC, has changed radically every time a new administration has entered the White House. D. Washington, DC, was designed according to a master plan created in 1791 that featured streets radiating outward from the capitol.

d

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between horticultural and agricultural societies? A. Horticulture was carried out by more advanced civilizations. B. Horticulture destroyed the land, while agriculture preserved the land. C. Horticulture focused on growing flowers, while agriculture focused on growing vegetables. D. Horticulture used primitive tools, while agriculture used more advanced technology.

d

Which of the following statements best describes the effects of the civil war in Sudan? A. Somalia conquered Sudan. B. Sudan was split into three separate states. C. Sudan was unified into a single Islamic republic. D. Sudanese refugees fled to neighboring countries.

d

Which of the following statements does not describe NGOs? A. NGOs must be nonprofit. B. NGOs must be noncriminal. C. NGOs must be independent of governmental control. D. NGOs must be unaffiliated with a religion.

d

Which of the following strategies would best help a city combat a growing urban heat island? A. raise the electricity usage in city buildings B. eliminate native species growing in a city C. improve police resources to fight crime better D. combat the overuse of asphalt and concrete surfaces

d

Which of the following terms best describes a large retail store that provides one-stop shopping for consumers seeking many different kinds of products, such as large and small appliances, groceries, clothing, and electronics? A. a strip mall B. a drive-through C. a shopping mall D. a big-box retail store

d

Which of the following terms best describes a prolonged change to weather patterns over time? A. meteorology B. a cold front C. a season D. climate change

d

Which of the following terms is not a name for a disadvantaged squatter settlement in a city? A. a shantytown B. a favela C. a barrio D. an exurb

d

Which region on the graph above has a population growth approaching 0? A. South America B. Asia C. Africa D. Europe

d

In what geographic region were both Buddhism and Hinduism founded? A. Western Europe B. South Asia C. North America D. the Middle East

b

Despite external influences, cultures don't change.

False

What is the name of the official policy used by South Africa between 1948 and 1994 to separate races? A. apartheid B. Afrikaans C. verwoerd D. xantu

a

As of 2009, the largest and most widespread religion in the world was __________. A. Buddhism B. Christianity C. Hinduism D. Islam

b

Cultural elements of a society include a volcano goddess, grass skirts, flower necklaces, and folk tales that tell of the spread of people across the ocean. Which of the following societies is most likely to have these cultural elements? A. a Pacific Island society B. an American Indian society C. an African society D. an Asian society

a

Cutting "steps" or terraces into the sides of hills is one way to __________. A. increase arable land for farming B. decrease the risks of flooding C. store water during times of drought D. decrease agricultural yields

a

Popular culture __________. A. is fluid and can change quickly B. did not exist before 1990 C. is practiced only by young people D. discourages innovation or change

a

Removing ground water in Mexico City is a problem because it causes __________. A. land to sink B. disputes over water C. floods to occur D. droughts to occur

a

Syntax refers to the __________. A. grammatical rules of a language B. rules about which regions a language can be used in C. rules for deriving meaning from a language D. linguistic structures common to several languages

a

The changes to Boston's harbor and land area are examples of the ability of __________ to manipulate and change the __________. A. culture . . . environment B. environment . . . subculture C. popular culture . . . subculture D. architecture . . . popular culture

a

The fact that yoga and acupuncture have been adopted into American culture and are increasing in popularity is an example of __________. A. appropriation B. assimilation C. acculturation D. diffusion

a

The murder or abandonment of baby girls is called __________. A. female infanticide B. gendercide C. ethnic cleansing D. manslaughter

a

The spreading of soccer around the world is an example of cultural __________. A. diffusion B. acculturation C. assimilation D. appropriation

a

The way in which people absorb outside cultures is called __________. A. integration B. assimilation C. combination D. diffusion

a

Which of the following best describes the environmental factors that promote the spread of malaria? A. rainfall, temperature, and humidity B. wind, temperature, and air pollution C. sunlight, wind, and soil conditions D. elevation, temperature, and mosquitoes

a

Which of the following definitions best characterizes horticulture? A. cultivating plants using primitive tools B. culturing dairy food so it can be preserved C. using horses for transportation D. interacting with a different culture

a

Which of the following is not a result of the geographic proximity of two or more groups of people? A. the long life expectancy that developed in Japan B. the strong trade and cultural relationships that formed in Europe C. the conquering of the Indian subcontinent by different societies D. the spread of Islam through southern Europe and the Middle East

a

Which of the following is not an argument that inhabitants of the Faroe Islands use to justify their continued hunting of pilot whales? A. Restricting the hunting of pilot whales would result in an over-population of the species. B. Whale meat and blubber are an important source of food for the people who live on the islands. C. Hunts are carefully regulated by the Faroese government. D. Whale meat and blubber are distributed equally to all members of the community.

a

Which of the following is not usually an effect of increased agricultural yields within a society? A. decreased trade with outside societies B. a growing population size C. increased technology and sophistication of settlements D. the diversification of labor

a

Which of the following statements about the history of Judaism is false? A. Judaism is considered an important religion today due to the large percentage of people on Earth who follow its beliefs. B. The kingdom of Israel was conquered by the Babylonian Empire, and later by the Roman Empire. C. Judaism spread throughout the eastern Mediterranean Basin. D. Jews faced persecution throughout their history.

a

Which of the following statements best characterizes the disability-adjusted life year? A. A measure of the overall burden of disease on a society. B. A measure of years lost due to premature death or disability. C. It describes the yearly living conditions of people with disabilities. D. It describes the yearly effect people with disabilities have on a nation's resources.

a

Which of the following statements best summarizes the process of cultural sharing? A. Cultures change over time as groups pass their values to other groups and adopt practices practices of other groups. B. Culture is best defined as the values of a group of people, which do not change over time and are not shared with others. C. Cultures only change by force, when one group imposes its values and ideas on others. D. Cultural differences became indistinguishable by the beginning of the 21st century.

a

Conflict between __________ has been raging in Nigeria since 1999. A. Jews and Muslims B. Christians and Muslims C. Jews and Christians D. Muslims and Hindus

b

Ethnic neighborhoods most often form in order to __________. A. separate one ethnic culture from other ethnic groups B. support new immigrants in a new location and preserve cultural heritage C. prevent the cultural assimilation of new immigrants D. make government services more available to new immigrants

b

If a person has adapted to an environment, they have __________. a. maintained their unique customs to help them survive b. adjusted to the differences within their new environment c. spread their societies customs throughout the new environment d. adopted new practices in order to assimilate to a new environment

b

The Faroe Islands __________. A. were conquered by Polynesians who immigrated from Tahiti B. were settled by Norse and Scandinavian peoples C. were settled by the Japanese about 1600 years ago D. were discovered by Darwin during his travels

b

The best way to describe language convergence is as __________. A. the loss of a language because of lack of use B. the creation of a new language out of two or more languages C. the loss of two distinct languages when they blend into one D. the breakup of a language into dialects and distinct languages

b

The chart above shows the numbers of religious adherents worldwide. Which religion is the most widely practiced? A. Islam B. Christianity C. Buddhism D. Hinduism

b

The technologies of evaporative cooling and air conditioning have had all of the following consequences in Dubai except __________. A. population growth B. reduced energy demands C. increased energy demands D. improved transportation of goods

b

Tuareg men wear a veil (tagelmust) for all of the following reasons, except __________. A. as protection against windstorms B. because Sharia law dictates that Muslim men must wear veils C. to ward off evil spirits D. for hygenic and moral purposes

b

What do the Tuareg culture and the Candomblé faith have in common? A. Both originated in the South Pacific. B. Both appropriated cultural traditions from multiple sources. C. Both developed close ties with the Catholic Church. D. Both have a long history of religious persecution.

b

What happened in Mexico City in 1629? A. The city fell to Spanish invaders. B. The city was destroyed by a great flood. C. The city was destroyed by a great fire. D. The city suffered a devastating outbreak of plague.

b

What is an accent? A. different meanings for the same word B. a variation in the pronunciation of the same word C. a distortion in the pronunciation of the same word D. different words that have the same meaning

b

Which of the following characteristics is not shared by the faiths of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam? A. Abraham is an important figure in all three religions. B. All three are polytheistic religions. C. Holy texts in all three religions describe many similar events, figures, and stories. D. The city of Jerusalem is a holy site in all three faiths.

b

Which of the following definitions best characterizes foraging? A. producing iron using forges B. living off the land without modifying it C. preparing food that can be preserved D. destroying natural habitats

b

Why does cultural diffusion happen more quickly today than in previous centuries? A. Early humans were not as interested in sharing their culture as they are today. B. Advancements in transportation and communication make it easier to spread culture. C. All cultures around the world are very similar, making acculturation easier. D. Fewer people are interested in assimilation today than in the past.

b

Why is it significant that the name "Tuareg" may have been derived from the Arabic word meaning "abandoned by Allah"? A. This illustrates the religious tension in the region and the battle for believers waging along the "Middle Belt." B. This shows what more traditional North African Arabs may think of the way the Tuareg blend Islam with traditional African religions. C. This isn't signficiant, because it ignores more important elements of Tuareg culture, such as the blue-colored clothing and the salt trade. D. North African governments use this as a means to discriminate against the Tuareg people.

b

Why was Egypt's Abu Simbal temple moved in the 1960s? A. The temple was threatened by conflict in the region. B. Lake Nasser was scheduled to flood the valley where the temple was located. C. Egyptian officials wanted to relocate the temple to increase tourism in Giza. D. The land was needed for agricultural cultivation.

b

Why was the Roman Catholic Church so powerful in Europe during the Middle Ages? A. Large numbers of new believers converted to the faith. B. Church officials controlled knowledge and learning and often held influential positions in government. C. The Protestant Reformation decreased the influence of Protestant faiths, making the Catholic Church more powerful. D. Wealthy areas adopted Christianity after the Muslims were defeated in the Crusades.

b

From about 1000 - 1400 CE, the Pueblo people __________. A. lived in teepees made from animal hides B. developed their own breed of horses C. constructed advanced irrigation systems D. cleared many trees for agriculture

c

Haitian Creole developed through the process of language __________. A. divergence B. emergence C. convergence D. transvergence

c

The "Middle Belt" describes the __________. A. spread of Islam through the Middle East and North Africa B. physical line dividing Ireland into north and south C. imaginary line dividing Nigeria into north and south D. blending of traditional African beliefs with the Islamic faith

c

The language of Afrikaans was influenced by all of the following languages except __________. A. Dutch B. African languages C. American Indian languages D. English

c

Water misters in outdoor spaces are designed to __________ in hot climates. A. increase water supplies for agriculture B. heat the air through increased humidity C. cool the air through evaporative cooling D. turn sea water into freshwater

c

What do scientists believe is the determining factor that causes skin color variations in groups of humans around the world? A. genetics - two people with the same skin color are more likely to be genetically related, even if they come from different parts of the world B. diet C. ultraviolet radiation exposure in a society over a long period of time D. vitamin deficiencies

c

What is the primary role of missionaries within Christian faiths? A. to help govern Christian churches B. to interpret Biblical text C. to convert others to Christianity D. to raise money to support their church's headquarters

c

What was the most important reason the city of Boston chose to fill in much of their swampy land and coastal areas? A. Swamps are breeding grounds for mosquitoes and other disease-bearing insects. B. The original peninsula was prone to flooding. C. More land was needed for its growing population. D. The harbor was inaccessible under the original layout.

c

Which of the following beliefs is not one of the four noble truths of Buddhism? A. Life is suffering. B. Craving causes suffering. C. There will be no other Torah. D. Follow the Eightfold Path to end suffering.

c

Which of the following events is most likely to occur in a matrilineal society? A. All property is inherited by the oldest son upon the death of his father. B. Women change their last names when they marry. C. Children take the last names of their mothers. D. Men hold all positions of power.

c

Which of the following ideas is not part of most Hindu beliefs? A. a belief in Brahman B. a belief in reincarnation C. a belief in the Eightfold Path D. a desire to be free from the cycle of births and deaths

c

Which of the following is generally not an effect of having high rates of infectious disease (like malaria) within a population? A. high health care costs B. high infant mortality rates C. high economic growth rates D. high absenteeism in the workplace

c

Which of the following is not included in the Christian Bible? A. books from the Torah B. other Jewish writings not contained in the Torah C. the first three books of the Qur'an D. the New Testament

c

Which of the following statements best characterizes the differences between monotheism, polytheism, and animism? A. Monotheism refers to a belief in one god, while the other two types of religions do not involve a belief in any gods. B. Monotheism refers to a belief in one god, while the other two types of religions always involve a belief in multiple gods. C. Monotheism refers to a belief in one god, polytheism refers to a belief in multiple gods, and animism refers to a belief in the spiritual power of nature. D. Monotheism refers to a belief in many gods, while polytheism and animism always refer to belief in one god.

c

Which of the following statements best describes the Khmer Empire? A. It was a nomadic empire that inhabited Mesopotamia about 3,000 years ago. B. It was an advanced civilization that developed in South America around 100 CE. C. It developed the world's largest pre-industrial city between 800 and 1431 CE . D. It was an empire of nomads who roamed the grasslands of northern Asia.

c

Which of the following terms is used to describe the socially constructed roles and behaviors that are considered appropriate for men and women in a given society? A. language B. ethnicity C. gender D. inequality

c

Why did so many Native American peoples adopt Christianity in Latin America during the 1500s? A. Missionaries joined Native American tribes and encouraged them to convert. B. Many Native Americans married Spanish colonists and adopted the religion of their husbands and wives. C. The pope required that the Spanish monarchs make the conversion of native peoples to Christianity a priority during colonization. D. Native Americans wanted to increase their ability to trade with the Spanish colonists, and saw religion as a way to achieve that aim.

c

In Buddhism, the __________ provides a set of concepts to improve life and reach enlightenment. A. Torah B. Bible C. Qur'an D. Eightfold Path

d

The Indo-European languages are believed to have originated __________. A. near the Fertile Crescent B. around the Alps C. on the Indian subcontinent D. around the Caucasus Mountains

d

The best way to describe language divergence is as __________. A. the loss of a language because of lack of use B. the creation of new language out of two or more languages C. the loss of a two distinct languages when they blend into one D. the breakup of a language into dialects and distinct languages

d

The concept of knowing who we are and how we understand ourselves, as well as how others define us, is called __________. A. gender B. ethnicity C. nationality D. identity

d

The number of languages spoken worldwide is between __________. A. 2,000 and 3,000 B. 3,000 and 4,000 C. 4,000 and 5,000 D. 5,000 and 6,000

d

The term "Diaspora" refers to __________. A. the break of Christianity with Judaism B. the blending of Jewish and Muslim traditions C. the spread of Islam to southern Europe and western Asia D. the spread of Judaism through the Middle East and southern Europe

d

What is a dialect? A. a language that is becoming extinct B. a significant addition to the vocabulary, syntax, and cadence of a language C. a significant deletion of the vocabulary, syntax, and cadence of a language D. a set of small variations in the vocabulary, syntax, and cadence of a language

d

What was the original cause of the split between Shia and Sunni Muslims within Islam? A. disagreement over the role of women in Islamic society B. disagreement over interpretations of the Qur'an C. disagreement over the role of religion in government D. disagreement over who should lead the faith

d

Which of the following are affected by environmental factors? 1) Housing 2) Folk tales 3) Traditional religions 4) Cuisine A. items 1 and 2 B. items 1 and 3 C. items 1, 2, and 3 D. items 1, 2, 3, and 4

d

Which of the following beliefs is not included in Islam's Six Articles of Faith? A. faith in angels B. faith in the afterlife C. faith in the unity of God D. faith in the Vedas as sacred texts

d

Which of the following is not a common purpose for constructing reservoirs? A. to regulate water flow along rivers B. to create recreational areas C. to store water for times of drought D. to increase seasonal river flooding

d

Which of the following is not a reason for why local culture makes places unique? A. Diverse populations and ethnicities combine to create new cuisines. B. Shared religious beliefs often result in unique holidays and traditions. C. Music and the arts are influenced by regional elements. D. Coordinates of latitude and longitude provide an exact location.

d

Which of the following is not a result of language convergence? A. Haitian Creole B. pidgin languages C. linguas franca D. new dialects

d

Which of the following people is responsible for making the Christian faith the official religion of the Roman Empire? A. Pope John Paul I B. Emperor Justinian C. Julius Caesar D. Emperor Constantine

d

Which of the following statements about the causes of the violence in Nigeria is false? A. Corruption in the democratic government has created problems that have resulted in violence. B. Despite being one of the world's fastest-growing economies, there is an uneven distribution of wealth, high poverty rates, and high unemployment, all of which have contributed to tensions and violent actions. C. Violence is often the result of secular issues. D. Religious differences are the only cause of violence.

d

Which of the following statements about the development of language over time is true? A. Languages remain static and unchanging over time. B. Languages can be influenced by internal forces but are rarely affected by outside cultures. C. Most people who speak the same language have identical vocabulary and pronunciation, no matter where they live. D. Languages are always changing and are influenced by trade, communication, and migration

d

Which of the following statements best characterizes opportunities for women in India? A. Women are not allowed to vote or hold public office. B. Women must wear Muslim dress when they appear in public. C. Women are not allowed to go to school or to work outside the home. D. Women have fewer opportunities for education and employment than men.

d

A culture made of a group of people in a particular region or location with shared customs, values, traits, and experiences that are easily identified is called popular culture. national culture. local culture. subculture.

local culture

Which is a characteristic of popular culture? quick to change its commonalities.. defined by region or location. practiced by a homogeneous group of people. defined by existing within the dominant culture.

quick to change its commonalities.

The name of the culture that exists within the dominant culture is

subculture

Buddhism is both a religion and a philosophy.

true

English and Punjabi belong to the same language family.

true

Geographic barriers can influence groups of people to form cultures in isolation because they prevent the influence of outside factors.

true