Sociology Midterm
Family is important to the socialization process because
All of the above are correct
When people model themselves after the members of your group they would like to join, they are engaging in
Anticipatory socialization
From a social-conflict point of view, jokes ___
Can be a way of making one category of people feel good at the expense of another
"Primary deviance" refers to the most serious offenses
False
A college is a good example of a total institution
False
If you were to attend a New York City ballet performance you were experiencing
High Culture
The recognized and intended consequences of a social patterns are referred to as
Manifest functions
In what way do men and women typically differ in their use of space
Men commonly try to control more space than women.
Which sociological research method is the least likely to produce quantitive data?
Participant Observation
A father who wants to be both a friend and an authority figure for his son my experience role strain
True
A more common word for "superego" in Freud's model of personality would be "conscience."
True
The text states that cultural change is set in motion and three general ways
invention, discovery, diffusion
Studies of children raised in isolation, show that
without social experience, a child is incapable of fully developing meaningful thought or action
The widespread popularity of McDonald's around the world is an example of
Diffusion
What does the concept "presentation of self" mean?
Efforts to create impressions in the minds of others
The term for information we can verify with our senses is
Empirical evidence
A person who criticizes an Amish farmer as foolish or backwards for tilling his field using horses and a plow instead of a tractor is exhibiting
Ethnocentrism
A status set refers to the roles people have over the course of their lifetimes.
False
Because females are socialized to be less assertive than males, they are not very sensitive to nonverbal communication
False
Believes our standards that serve as broad guidelines for living
False
Corporate crime refers to stealing or other crimes that are committed against a corporation or other large business
False
Over the course of the last century, the mass media have had less and less influence on people in the United States
False
Participant observation is a research method by which researchers stand back from a setting, watch from a distance, and then carefully record the behaviors of others.
False
Scientific sociology focus is less on action itself and more on the meaning people attached to their actions.
False
Seeing the general pattern in social context mess up one part of the sociological perspective
False
Sociological generalizations are the same as simple stereotypes
False
Subculture is more at odds with dominant culture than counterculture.
False
___ are rules about every day casual living; ___ are rules with great moral significance
Folkways; mores
"Crime" differs from "deviance" because crime
Is a violation of formal norms
Regarding ethical research guidelines, the American sociological Association states the researcher
Must make the results available
The social-conflict approach draws attention to
Patterns of social inequality
___ is a way of understanding the world based on science
Positivism
Sociologist use which concept to refer to behavior that people expect from someone who holds a particular status
Role
Which of the following concepts to find a social position that a person holds?
Status
Which theoretical approach states that the stability of US society rest on the core values shared by the majority of people
Structural-functional approach
Which theoretical approach highlights the fact that it is not so much what people do that matters as much as the meaning they attached their behavior?
Symbolic-interaction approach
According to the structural functionalist perspective, the functions of deviance include___
The idea that responding to deviance promotes social unity
George Herbert Mead consider the self to be
The part of an individual's personality composed of self-awareness and self image
A survey is a research method in which subjects respond to a series of statements or questions
True
According to Merton's model, a poor person who has little chance to go to college and who sells illegal drugs to make money is one example of a deviant "innovator"
True
If your group is a social group whose members share common interests, social position, and a similar age.
True
In every day conversation, women tend to maintain more eye contact than men do.
True
Many hand gestures, such as the "OK" sign, can have significantly different meanings around the world
True
Symbols are created all the time, an example is the new part of language that people use when "texting" via cell phones.
True
Using the sociological perspective can reveal that personal decisions, such as whom we marry, are influenced by our social environment.
True
Validity refers to actually measuring exactly what one intends to measure
True
Which of the following concepts refers to crimes committed by persons of high social position in the course of doing their jobs?
White-collar crime
If a parent threatens a child with punishment in order to discourage wrongdoing, the parent is using punishment to accomplish which of the following?
deterrence
Interpretive sociology refers to sociology that
focuses on the meaning people attach to behavior
Sociology is the systematic study of
human society
According to the social-conflict approach, what a society labels as deviant is based mostly on
patterns of inequality and the behaviors of people who have power
When Charles Horton Cooley used the concept "looking-glass self," he was referring to the fact that
people see themselves as they think others see them
Which of the following concepts refers to an individual persons fairly consistent pattern of acting, thinking, and feeling?
personality
When it comes to what triggers emotions and people and how those emotions are displayed, culture ___
plays an important role
A small number of people that are used to represent a much larger population is called a
sample
A judge orders that an offender be a sentenced to prison, with most of the sentence served on probation. The sentence itself is an example of a
sanction
Every society uses various strategies to regulate the behavior of individuals; this general process is called
social control
Which of the following concepts refers to relatively stable patterns of social behavior?
social structure
The theoretical approach in sociology that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability is the
structural-functional approach
By linking specific facts together to give us meaning, we create a
theory