Sociology Midterm

Family is important to the socialization process because

All of the above are correct

When people model themselves after the members of your group they would like to join, they are engaging in

Anticipatory socialization

From a social-conflict point of view, jokes ___

Can be a way of making one category of people feel good at the expense of another

"Primary deviance" refers to the most serious offenses

False

A college is a good example of a total institution

False

If you were to attend a New York City ballet performance you were experiencing

High Culture

The recognized and intended consequences of a social patterns are referred to as

Manifest functions

In what way do men and women typically differ in their use of space

Men commonly try to control more space than women.

Which sociological research method is the least likely to produce quantitive data?

Participant Observation

A father who wants to be both a friend and an authority figure for his son my experience role strain

True

A more common word for "superego" in Freud's model of personality would be "conscience."

True

The text states that cultural change is set in motion and three general ways

invention, discovery, diffusion

Studies of children raised in isolation, show that

without social experience, a child is incapable of fully developing meaningful thought or action

The widespread popularity of McDonald's around the world is an example of

Diffusion

What does the concept "presentation of self" mean?

Efforts to create impressions in the minds of others

The term for information we can verify with our senses is

Empirical evidence

A person who criticizes an Amish farmer as foolish or backwards for tilling his field using horses and a plow instead of a tractor is exhibiting

Ethnocentrism

A status set refers to the roles people have over the course of their lifetimes.

False

Because females are socialized to be less assertive than males, they are not very sensitive to nonverbal communication

False

Believes our standards that serve as broad guidelines for living

False

Corporate crime refers to stealing or other crimes that are committed against a corporation or other large business

False

Over the course of the last century, the mass media have had less and less influence on people in the United States

False

Participant observation is a research method by which researchers stand back from a setting, watch from a distance, and then carefully record the behaviors of others.

False

Scientific sociology focus is less on action itself and more on the meaning people attached to their actions.

False

Seeing the general pattern in social context mess up one part of the sociological perspective

False

Sociological generalizations are the same as simple stereotypes

False

Subculture is more at odds with dominant culture than counterculture.

False

___ are rules about every day casual living; ___ are rules with great moral significance

Folkways; mores

"Crime" differs from "deviance" because crime

Is a violation of formal norms

Regarding ethical research guidelines, the American sociological Association states the researcher

Must make the results available

The social-conflict approach draws attention to

Patterns of social inequality

___ is a way of understanding the world based on science

Positivism

Sociologist use which concept to refer to behavior that people expect from someone who holds a particular status

Role

Which of the following concepts to find a social position that a person holds?

Status

Which theoretical approach states that the stability of US society rest on the core values shared by the majority of people

Structural-functional approach

Which theoretical approach highlights the fact that it is not so much what people do that matters as much as the meaning they attached their behavior?

Symbolic-interaction approach

According to the structural functionalist perspective, the functions of deviance include___

The idea that responding to deviance promotes social unity

George Herbert Mead consider the self to be

The part of an individual's personality composed of self-awareness and self image

A survey is a research method in which subjects respond to a series of statements or questions

True

According to Merton's model, a poor person who has little chance to go to college and who sells illegal drugs to make money is one example of a deviant "innovator"

True

If your group is a social group whose members share common interests, social position, and a similar age.

True

In every day conversation, women tend to maintain more eye contact than men do.

True

Many hand gestures, such as the "OK" sign, can have significantly different meanings around the world

True

Symbols are created all the time, an example is the new part of language that people use when "texting" via cell phones.

True

Using the sociological perspective can reveal that personal decisions, such as whom we marry, are influenced by our social environment.

True

Validity refers to actually measuring exactly what one intends to measure

True

Which of the following concepts refers to crimes committed by persons of high social position in the course of doing their jobs?

White-collar crime

If a parent threatens a child with punishment in order to discourage wrongdoing, the parent is using punishment to accomplish which of the following?

deterrence

Interpretive sociology refers to sociology that

focuses on the meaning people attach to behavior

Sociology is the systematic study of

human society

According to the social-conflict approach, what a society labels as deviant is based mostly on

patterns of inequality and the behaviors of people who have power

When Charles Horton Cooley used the concept "looking-glass self," he was referring to the fact that

people see themselves as they think others see them

Which of the following concepts refers to an individual persons fairly consistent pattern of acting, thinking, and feeling?

personality

When it comes to what triggers emotions and people and how those emotions are displayed, culture ___

plays an important role

A small number of people that are used to represent a much larger population is called a

sample

A judge orders that an offender be a sentenced to prison, with most of the sentence served on probation. The sentence itself is an example of a

sanction

Every society uses various strategies to regulate the behavior of individuals; this general process is called

social control

Which of the following concepts refers to relatively stable patterns of social behavior?

social structure

The theoretical approach in sociology that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability is the

structural-functional approach

By linking specific facts together to give us meaning, we create a

theory