OBM Exam 4 - Review

All of the following are symptoms of groupthink EXCEPT: An illusion of invulnerability Collective efforts to rationalize or discount warnings A lack of idea promotion from the group leader Stereotyped views of enemy leaders Direct pressure on members who present contrary views

A lack of idea promotion from the group leader

All of the following are mechanisms that can affect the socialization of workers EXCEPT: Reading corporate statements about organization culture Observing experiencing employees Reading corporate pamphlets Attending formal training All of these are correct

All of these are correct

Which of the following are obstacles to changing organizational culture? Changing cultures requires changing people's deeply held beliefs Generally, culture is difficult to change Value systems are self-reinforcing Manager may sometimes inadvertently revert to old patterns of behavior All of these are correct

All of these are correct

The areas in which pressures for change appear most powerful involve all of the following EXCEPT: People Technology Information Processing Competition All of these are powerful pressures for change

All of these are powerful pressures for change

First impressions, first offers in negotiations; The first piece of data we see or hear tends to set the bar against which we judge subsequent pieces of information. This is most descriptive of: Anchoring Bias Availability Bias Campbell's Law Confirmation Bias Halo Effect Horns Effect Matthew Effect Status Quo Bias

Anchoring bias

To demonstrate its commitment to excellent customer service, a company hands out an award each month to the representative who received very positive customer feedback in an anonymous survey. This is an example of a / an: Enacted value Espoused value Artifact Assumption Passive aggressiveness

Artifact

__________ are those organizational values that have become so taken for granted over time that they become the core of the company's culture. Enacted values Espoused values Artifacts Assumptions Formal practices

Assumptions

Missing the bigger picture; more deaths by sharks than insects; Anecdotal, top of mind, or easily recalled data can inadvertently skew what we prioritize. This is most descriptive of: Anchoring Bias Availability Bias Campbell's Law Confirmation Bias Halo Effect Horns Effect Matthew Effect Status Quo Bias

Availability Bias

Which term refers to a permanent committee formed to address specific problems or recurring needs? Community of practice Task force Liaison role Direct contact Cross functional team

Cross functional team

Giving your subconscious mind time to work and listen to the idea it generates is most descriptive of: Defining Borrowing Combining Incubating Judging Enhancing

Incubating

Formalization reflects the extent to which organizational rules, procedures, and communications are _____ . Ethical Fair Written down Comprehensive Top-down

Written down

The degree to which power and decision-making authority are concentrated at higher levels of the organization rather than distributed is most descriptive of: Division of labor Span of control Hierarchy Formalization Centralization

Centralization

A manager implemented a new policy for writing reports. The reports will now be created using different software than employees have used in the past. This is most descriptive of ... Change Refreezing Unfreezing New state Old state

Change

___ conflict management norms resolve conflict in a competitive manner. Active Passive Agreeable Disagreeable Strategic

Disagreeable

Being able to see differences between situations, phenomena, or events is a creative ability called __________ thinking. Parallel Divergent Convergent Emergent Referent

Divergent

In __________ conflict cultures, open confrontations are accepted, as are heated arguments and threats. Dominating Collaborative Strategic Avoidant Passive-Aggressive

Dominating

All of the following are used in the nominal group technique of decision making EXCEPT: Individuals convene to address an issue The issue is described to the group Each of the proposed idea must be wholly original Initially, no discussion among the members is permitted Members take turn reporting their ideas

Each of the proposed idea must be wholly original

Which source of individual resistance to change occurs when people fear that change will make their jobs obsolete or reduce their opportunities for future pay increases? Economic factors Habit Fear of the unknown Lack of awareness Social factors

Economic factors

The main advantage of division of labor is that it promotes: Worker satisfaction Worker autonomy The creation of stimulating jobs Efficient use of labor Increased employee motivation

Efficient use of labor Division of labor: The extent to which employees specialize or generalize

Jim purchases stock in a public company and refuses to sell it even after their repeated drops from the original price. Jim has decided to purchase more of the stock, anticipating he will make a profit. This is an example of: Escalation of commitment Groupthink Echochamber Satisficing Group Polarization

Escalation of commitment

T/F Strong cultures are always better than weak cultures

False

T/F Most students in the 2022-2023 school year are part of the Baby Boomer generation

False **Generation Z • Baby Boomer: 1945 - 1960 • Generation X: 1960 - 1980 • Millennials: 1980 - 2000

T/F Delphi Technique: Group members follow a generate-discuss-vote cycle until they reach a decision

False Brainstorming - A technique used in the idea-generation phase of decision making that assists in development of numerous alternative courses of action Nominal Group Technique: Group members follow a generate- discuss-vote cycle until they reach a decision Delphi Technique: A method of systematically gathering judgments of experts for use in developing forecasts

T/F Espoused Value: Norms and behaviors actually exhibited by employees

False Espoused Values: Explicitly stated organizational values Enacted Values: Norms and behaviors actually exhibited by employees

T/F Creative people have a lot of SELF doubt

False IDEA Doubt Self doubt is NOT helpful

T/F To promote a creative culture in organizations, leaders should severely punish creative failures

False Reward creative successes BUT Be careful NOT to punish creative failures

T/F Data gathering, group feedback meetings, and process analysis are part of management development.

False Survey feedback! • Training • Management Development: Case studies and role playing • Team Building • Survey Feedback

T/F Nordstrom was the example of a Holacracy discussed in class

False ZAPPOS - Holacracy: a system with a flat workplace hierarchy that allows employees to work with more flexibility and without assigned roles. There were no titles nor bosses at Zappos - Nordstrom - Organic structure

Edmond's job tasks were recently redesigned. While he knows the changes are likely to improve his overall productivity, he is uncomfortable with the changes because so much of his job is now unfamiliar to him. This is an example of which type of resistance to change/ Lack of awareness Threatened power Habit Economic factors Narrow focus of change Social factors Fear of unknown

Fear of unknown

The company Angela works for is made up of departments consisting of people who do similar activities. This is most descriptive of ____ structure. Lattice Functional Team-based Network Matrix

Functional

In organizations with a ___ , employees report to both a project or product team and to a functional manager. Matrix Functional Bureaucratic Prebureaucratic Lattice

Matrix

Which of the following is NOT one of the keys to successful change management? Reward those who contribute to change Secure top management support Encourage participation by those affected by the change Maximize employee job satisfaction Foster open communication

Maximize employee job satisfaction

Employees born between 1980 and 2000 are referred to as: Generation X Millennials Generation Y Generation Z Baby boomers

Millennials

Which of the following is true about brainstorming? The number of ideas should be limited Ideas should be criticized and judged quickly Ideas should not be written down Implausible ideas should not be suggested None of these are correct

None of these are correct

Organization structure is NOT impacted by which of the following factors: External environment Organization's production technology Organizational age Organizational size Business strategy

Organizational age

Smaller organizations with low standardization, total centralization, and mostly one-on-one communication have a ____ structure. Matrix Functional Bureaucratic Prebureaucratic Lattice

Prebureaucratic

The creative process normally begins with: Verification Insight Incubation Preparation Application

Preparation

Organizations that have an organic structure typically ... Have many levels in their organizational hierarchy Concentrate decision making power among few managers Require obedience without questioning the organization's goals Require their members to be committed to the organization's tasks None of these are correct

Require their members to be committed to the organization's tasks • MECHANISTIC: Rigid, traditional bureaucracies with centralized power and hierarchical communications • ORGANIC: Flexible, decentralized structures with less clear lines of authority, decentralized power, open communication channels, and a focus on adaptability in helping employees accomplish goals

All of the following describe characteristics of organizational change EXCEPT: An organization may resist change Change is inevitable An organization may promote change Resistance to change is inevitable Resistance to change should be eliminated

Resistance to change should be eliminated

Xavier needs to buy a new laptop. He searches online until he finds the first laptop that fits his price and performance needs, and then he immediately buys it. This is an example of: Maximizing Escalation of commitment Group Polarization Satisficing Suboptimizing

Satisficing

All of the following are features of group discussion that contribute to group polarization EXCEPT: Group members could take an extreme view of an opinion Task uncertainty can be impacted by the decision Persuasive arguments can encourage polarization Members may feel they are not individually responsible Members will accept a more radical decision from their own

Task uncertainty can be impacted by the decision

Which of the following organizational sources of resistance occurs when decision making authority is redistributed? Fear of the unknown Narrow focus of change Threatened power Habit Resource allocation

Threatened power

T/F Partisan Bias: The tendency to align your opinion and the emotional support of that opinion with that of a group, or party, regardless of the nuances of your personal beliefs

True

T/F Satisficing - Examining alternatives only until a solution that meets minimal requirements is found

True

T/F Suboptimizing - Knowingly accepting less than the best possible outcome to avoid unintended negative effects on other aspects of the organization.

True

In the continuous change process model, the final step is: Measurement, evaluation, and control OB modeling A system audit and modification The change agent Transition management

measurement, evaluation, and control