OBM Exam 4 - Review
All of the following are symptoms of groupthink EXCEPT: An illusion of invulnerability Collective efforts to rationalize or discount warnings A lack of idea promotion from the group leader Stereotyped views of enemy leaders Direct pressure on members who present contrary views
A lack of idea promotion from the group leader
All of the following are mechanisms that can affect the socialization of workers EXCEPT: Reading corporate statements about organization culture Observing experiencing employees Reading corporate pamphlets Attending formal training All of these are correct
All of these are correct
Which of the following are obstacles to changing organizational culture? Changing cultures requires changing people's deeply held beliefs Generally, culture is difficult to change Value systems are self-reinforcing Manager may sometimes inadvertently revert to old patterns of behavior All of these are correct
All of these are correct
The areas in which pressures for change appear most powerful involve all of the following EXCEPT: People Technology Information Processing Competition All of these are powerful pressures for change
All of these are powerful pressures for change
First impressions, first offers in negotiations; The first piece of data we see or hear tends to set the bar against which we judge subsequent pieces of information. This is most descriptive of: Anchoring Bias Availability Bias Campbell's Law Confirmation Bias Halo Effect Horns Effect Matthew Effect Status Quo Bias
Anchoring bias
To demonstrate its commitment to excellent customer service, a company hands out an award each month to the representative who received very positive customer feedback in an anonymous survey. This is an example of a / an: Enacted value Espoused value Artifact Assumption Passive aggressiveness
Artifact
__________ are those organizational values that have become so taken for granted over time that they become the core of the company's culture. Enacted values Espoused values Artifacts Assumptions Formal practices
Assumptions
Missing the bigger picture; more deaths by sharks than insects; Anecdotal, top of mind, or easily recalled data can inadvertently skew what we prioritize. This is most descriptive of: Anchoring Bias Availability Bias Campbell's Law Confirmation Bias Halo Effect Horns Effect Matthew Effect Status Quo Bias
Availability Bias
Which term refers to a permanent committee formed to address specific problems or recurring needs? Community of practice Task force Liaison role Direct contact Cross functional team
Cross functional team
Giving your subconscious mind time to work and listen to the idea it generates is most descriptive of: Defining Borrowing Combining Incubating Judging Enhancing
Incubating
Formalization reflects the extent to which organizational rules, procedures, and communications are _____ . Ethical Fair Written down Comprehensive Top-down
Written down
The degree to which power and decision-making authority are concentrated at higher levels of the organization rather than distributed is most descriptive of: Division of labor Span of control Hierarchy Formalization Centralization
Centralization
A manager implemented a new policy for writing reports. The reports will now be created using different software than employees have used in the past. This is most descriptive of ... Change Refreezing Unfreezing New state Old state
Change
___ conflict management norms resolve conflict in a competitive manner. Active Passive Agreeable Disagreeable Strategic
Disagreeable
Being able to see differences between situations, phenomena, or events is a creative ability called __________ thinking. Parallel Divergent Convergent Emergent Referent
Divergent
In __________ conflict cultures, open confrontations are accepted, as are heated arguments and threats. Dominating Collaborative Strategic Avoidant Passive-Aggressive
Dominating
All of the following are used in the nominal group technique of decision making EXCEPT: Individuals convene to address an issue The issue is described to the group Each of the proposed idea must be wholly original Initially, no discussion among the members is permitted Members take turn reporting their ideas
Each of the proposed idea must be wholly original
Which source of individual resistance to change occurs when people fear that change will make their jobs obsolete or reduce their opportunities for future pay increases? Economic factors Habit Fear of the unknown Lack of awareness Social factors
Economic factors
The main advantage of division of labor is that it promotes: Worker satisfaction Worker autonomy The creation of stimulating jobs Efficient use of labor Increased employee motivation
Efficient use of labor Division of labor: The extent to which employees specialize or generalize
Jim purchases stock in a public company and refuses to sell it even after their repeated drops from the original price. Jim has decided to purchase more of the stock, anticipating he will make a profit. This is an example of: Escalation of commitment Groupthink Echochamber Satisficing Group Polarization
Escalation of commitment
T/F Strong cultures are always better than weak cultures
False
T/F Most students in the 2022-2023 school year are part of the Baby Boomer generation
False **Generation Z • Baby Boomer: 1945 - 1960 • Generation X: 1960 - 1980 • Millennials: 1980 - 2000
T/F Delphi Technique: Group members follow a generate-discuss-vote cycle until they reach a decision
False Brainstorming - A technique used in the idea-generation phase of decision making that assists in development of numerous alternative courses of action Nominal Group Technique: Group members follow a generate- discuss-vote cycle until they reach a decision Delphi Technique: A method of systematically gathering judgments of experts for use in developing forecasts
T/F Espoused Value: Norms and behaviors actually exhibited by employees
False Espoused Values: Explicitly stated organizational values Enacted Values: Norms and behaviors actually exhibited by employees
T/F Creative people have a lot of SELF doubt
False IDEA Doubt Self doubt is NOT helpful
T/F To promote a creative culture in organizations, leaders should severely punish creative failures
False Reward creative successes BUT Be careful NOT to punish creative failures
T/F Data gathering, group feedback meetings, and process analysis are part of management development.
False Survey feedback! • Training • Management Development: Case studies and role playing • Team Building • Survey Feedback
T/F Nordstrom was the example of a Holacracy discussed in class
False ZAPPOS - Holacracy: a system with a flat workplace hierarchy that allows employees to work with more flexibility and without assigned roles. There were no titles nor bosses at Zappos - Nordstrom - Organic structure
Edmond's job tasks were recently redesigned. While he knows the changes are likely to improve his overall productivity, he is uncomfortable with the changes because so much of his job is now unfamiliar to him. This is an example of which type of resistance to change/ Lack of awareness Threatened power Habit Economic factors Narrow focus of change Social factors Fear of unknown
Fear of unknown
The company Angela works for is made up of departments consisting of people who do similar activities. This is most descriptive of ____ structure. Lattice Functional Team-based Network Matrix
Functional
In organizations with a ___ , employees report to both a project or product team and to a functional manager. Matrix Functional Bureaucratic Prebureaucratic Lattice
Matrix
Which of the following is NOT one of the keys to successful change management? Reward those who contribute to change Secure top management support Encourage participation by those affected by the change Maximize employee job satisfaction Foster open communication
Maximize employee job satisfaction
Employees born between 1980 and 2000 are referred to as: Generation X Millennials Generation Y Generation Z Baby boomers
Millennials
Which of the following is true about brainstorming? The number of ideas should be limited Ideas should be criticized and judged quickly Ideas should not be written down Implausible ideas should not be suggested None of these are correct
None of these are correct
Organization structure is NOT impacted by which of the following factors: External environment Organization's production technology Organizational age Organizational size Business strategy
Organizational age
Smaller organizations with low standardization, total centralization, and mostly one-on-one communication have a ____ structure. Matrix Functional Bureaucratic Prebureaucratic Lattice
Prebureaucratic
The creative process normally begins with: Verification Insight Incubation Preparation Application
Preparation
Organizations that have an organic structure typically ... Have many levels in their organizational hierarchy Concentrate decision making power among few managers Require obedience without questioning the organization's goals Require their members to be committed to the organization's tasks None of these are correct
Require their members to be committed to the organization's tasks • MECHANISTIC: Rigid, traditional bureaucracies with centralized power and hierarchical communications • ORGANIC: Flexible, decentralized structures with less clear lines of authority, decentralized power, open communication channels, and a focus on adaptability in helping employees accomplish goals
All of the following describe characteristics of organizational change EXCEPT: An organization may resist change Change is inevitable An organization may promote change Resistance to change is inevitable Resistance to change should be eliminated
Resistance to change should be eliminated
Xavier needs to buy a new laptop. He searches online until he finds the first laptop that fits his price and performance needs, and then he immediately buys it. This is an example of: Maximizing Escalation of commitment Group Polarization Satisficing Suboptimizing
Satisficing
All of the following are features of group discussion that contribute to group polarization EXCEPT: Group members could take an extreme view of an opinion Task uncertainty can be impacted by the decision Persuasive arguments can encourage polarization Members may feel they are not individually responsible Members will accept a more radical decision from their own
Task uncertainty can be impacted by the decision
Which of the following organizational sources of resistance occurs when decision making authority is redistributed? Fear of the unknown Narrow focus of change Threatened power Habit Resource allocation
Threatened power
T/F Partisan Bias: The tendency to align your opinion and the emotional support of that opinion with that of a group, or party, regardless of the nuances of your personal beliefs
True
T/F Satisficing - Examining alternatives only until a solution that meets minimal requirements is found
True
T/F Suboptimizing - Knowingly accepting less than the best possible outcome to avoid unintended negative effects on other aspects of the organization.
True
In the continuous change process model, the final step is: Measurement, evaluation, and control OB modeling A system audit and modification The change agent Transition management
measurement, evaluation, and control