Sociology Midterm

During her first day of kindergarten, Marie does not understand how the lunch line in the cafeteria works. She hesitates and watches as the older kids pick up their trays and silverware and then get in line. She follows their lead and successfully buys herself lunch. Marie's experience in the lunchroom is an example of _____. a) Socialization b) The looking glass self c) Anticipatory socialization d) Resocialization

A

Eleanor is researching the effect social media has on worldwide political awareness and revolution. Felix is examining the effect World of Warcraft has on the romantic relationships of middle-aged men in his metro area. Eleanor's analysis is _____, while Felix's analysis is _____. a) Macro-level; micro-level b)They are both micro-level. c) Micro-level; macro-level d) They are both macro-level.

A

Grace Works in at an advertising agency. Graces coworkers help her complete presentations, contact clients, and assist her with research. Her coworkers are serving a: a) Instrumental function b) Expressive function c) Elementary function d) Intrinsic function

A

In order to better understand the sorority pledging process at her university for her sociology thesis, Carmen pledges with a popular sorority. This is an example of _____. a) Participant observation b) Secondary data analysis c) Dependent variables d) Literature review

A

Ivanka trump is the daughter of business mogul Donald Trump. Her role as heiress to the Trump fortune is an example of ______. a) Ascribed status b) The looking-glass shelf c) The Thomas Theorem d) Achieved status

A

Joseph and Paula are excited to welcome their child into the world. They cannot wait to pass on all their knowledge, insight, and rich culture. Just as their parents gave them guidance and showed them how to live, Joseph and Paula will continue the chain by handing down their societal values and thus, sustain the society they love so much. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit? a) Structural Functionalism b) Symbolic Interactionism c) Conflict d) Feminist Theory

A

Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto is based of the _______ perspective. a) Conflict theory b) Functionalism c) Symbolic interactionism d) Institutionalism

A

Katrina, age 5, and Sharon, age 4, love to play together while their mothers chat. Katrina has a toy iron and washing machine. She and Sharon spend hours "washing" and "ironing" her baby doll's clothes, just like they see their mothers do. Which of George Herbert Mead's stages of development are Katrina and Sharon exemplifying? a) The play stage b) The preparatory stage c) The "generalized other" stage d) The game stage

A

Please define C. Wright Mill's sociological imagination. a) How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure. b) A series of interviews asking subjects about their sleep habits and dreams. c) The process of analyzing human behavior based solely on statistics. d) The theory that man evolved slowly over time.

A

Qualitative sociology can be defined as: a) In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data. b) Virtual interactivity, online polls, and online gaming. c) Statistical methods such as surveys with large numbers of participants. d) Door to door sales pitches, cold calls, and press conferences.

A

The term media globalization can be defined as: a) The worldwide integration of media through the cross-cultural exchange of ideas. b) The inability of geographically rural areas to access new media. c) The governmental sanction allowing worldwide access to media education. d) The cross-cultural development and exchange of computer hardware.

A

Which of the following is NOT an example of a formal norm within the United States? a) Making eye contact while speaking b) Driving on the right hand side of the road c) Paying taxes d) Crossing streets on cross-walks

A

A cultural universal is: a) A written document outlining appropriate behavior. b) A pattern or trait common to all societies. c) The ideas, attitudes and beliefs of a particular society. d) An object or a belonging of a group.

B

A famous socialite is court-ordered to enter a rehabilitation center to eliminate her drug addiction. The socialite is about to become a member of a: a) Utilitarian organization b) Coercive organization c) Paparazzi organization d) Voluntary organization

B

A total institution can be defined as: a) A business which offers career advice for federal employees. b) An organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs. c) A clear chain of command found in bureaucracy. d) A group in which the masses have a large influence in decision making.

B

After weeks of protest in Zuccotti Park, NYC's "Occupy Wall Street" divided into two camps: one composed of higher income protestors, and one composed of lower-income protesters. A ______ would be most interested in the relationship and nature of day-to- day exchanges between the two groups. a) Feminist conflict theorist b) Symbolic interactionist c) Structural functionalist d) Conflict theorist

B

Angelica visits Thailand with her family. When she wears short-shorts and tank tops while visiting a series of temples during her first week, she is met with hostility from the locals. She feels she no longer knows how to behave or interact with those outside her family. Angelica is experiencing _____. a) Cultural imperialism b) Culture shock c) Material culture d) Xenocentricism

B

George Herbert Mead's specific path of development for individuals is as follows: a) Game stage, play stage, generalized other stage, preparatory stage b) Preparatory stage, play stage, game stage, generalized other stage c) Generalized other stage, preparatory stage, play stage, game stage d) Preparatory stage, game stage, play stage, generalized other stag

B

In 1999, Sean Fanning, John Fanning, and Sean Parker invented Napster, a global, free-of-charge, peer-to-peer music sharing program. Prior to Napster, no such program existed. The three men created _____. a) A discovery b) An innovation c) A culture lag d) A cultural universal

B

In the 2010 film, The Social Network, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg was portrayed as a leader who was goal-oriented, issuing orders and assigning tasks. Which of the following leadership styles did Zuckerberg likely use? a) Oligarchy b) Authoritarian c) Democratic d) Laissez-faire

B

In the early 2000's, The L Word and Queer as Folk debuted on Showtime. Both shows depicted the lives of members of the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) community, thus giving viewers a glimpse into a a) Social relativism b) Subculture c) Formal Sanction d) More

B

Peer groups are important to adolescents because: a) They rank higher in importance to adolescents' than parental influence. b) They help to develop a sense of identity separate from adolescents' parents. c) They provide the second major socialization experience outside the realm of their families. d) They help exert dependence among adolescents.

B

Peggy accepts a job offer as an advertising copywriter. Her boss immediately assigns her campaigns for product such as makeup and cleaning products. Peggy asks for different clients, but her boss tells her she should stick to what she and "her kind" of know best. Peggy is experiencing: a) Sexual orientation b) Sexism c) Masochism d) Homophobia

B

The agricultural revolution is often referred to as "dawn of civilization" because: a) Animals were first domesticated as a resource for survival. b) Cities and towns were established, and humans had more time for leisure activities. c) Societies began to form where rainfall is plentiful; groups were able to cultivate plants instead of living nomadic lifestyles. d) Tribes became nomadic, traveling to various locations in search of sustenance.

B

The term sexuality is defined by the text as: a) An individual's biological gender b) A person's capacity for sexual feelings c) The repressed sexual inclinations of society as a whole d) An individual's sense of being either masculine of feminine

B

Verstehen is defined by the text as: a) To maintain a moral conscience. b) To understand in a deep way. c) To require proof of interpretation. d) To compare and contrast social facts.

B

What is the importance of interpretive framework? a) It relies on statistics to determine causal relationships. b) It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant's social world. c) It eliminates the need for a literature review. d) It prevents researchers from making unethical decisions.

B

When Michael starts high school, he joins the basketball team. He begins to look to his teammate friends for cues on how to behave at dances, in the hallways, and even in the classroom. Michael's basketball team is serving as Michaels _______. a) Aggregate b) Reference group c) Out-group d) Secondary group

B

Which of the following is an example of an in-group/out-group dynamic: a) The Chemistry Club advertises their organization at the local science fair. b) Members of sorority Delta Delta Delta advise their pledges not to socialize with members of pledges of rival sorority Sigma Delta Theta. c) Chorus members of the campus's production of Hairspray practice in Theatre building's first floor, while the cast of God of Carnage practices on the second floor. d) Organizations across a college campus come together at a yearly fundraiser to raise money for the local Breast Cancer Awareness chapter.

B

Whose study described the differences in the way that boys and girls view morality? a) Lawrence Kholberg b) Carol Gilligan c) Sigmund Freud d) Erik Erikson

B

Alexis wants to research the 1960's feminist movement. She reads articles from the time period, watches documentaries, and reads scholarly journals on the topic. What kind of research method is Alexis using? a) Experiments b) Surveys c) Secondary data analysis d) Ethnography

C

Charles Cooley's concept of the look-glass shelf self hypothesizes that: a) Self-esteem is directly correlated with body image. b) The media encourages society to base their appearances on visible public figures. c) People base their images on how they think other people see them. d) Personal identity isn't influenced by outside social forces.

C

Chase grew up wanting to wear his sister's dresses over his brother's pants and button up shirts. When Chase turns 18, he decides to being living as woman, though he's still only sexually attracted to women. He decides he doesn't want to undergo surgery. Chase is: a) Bisexual b) Homophobic c) Transgender d) Transsexual

C

Functionalist Emile Durkheim viewer society as: a) The product of class struggle, requiring social revolutions to correct rampant class inequality. b) Split between two classes categorized by education, kinship, and religion. c) An organism in which each portion plays a vital role in keeping the organism stable and healthy. d) An even playing field composed of the educated and uneducated.

C

In an effort to control a total institution, and to create a community of sameness, inmates are forced to strip down, be searched by police officers, and given identical uniforms before entering prison. This is an example of _______. a) An entry test that must be passed b) A graduation ceremony c) A degradation ceremony d) An exit test that must be passed

C

It is parent-teacher conference day at Littleton Elementary School. Jimmy's teacher is anxious to meet his parents and discuss his habit of disrupting the class. When the teacher expresses her concern that Jimmy is not being socialized properly, his dad insists that he was the same way at Jimmy's age and that disrupting the class is natural for the children in his family. Jimmy's teacher and father are arguing about which fundamental sociological theory? a) Freud's theory of self-development b) Kohlberg's theory of Moral Development c) Nature vs. Nurture d) George Herbert Mead's theory of self-development

C

Sherry is in her mid-eighties and is moving to a nursing home. She is used to getting up at 5 o'clock each morning and making breakfast for herself. Her new roommate likes to sleep until 7 o'clock and breakfast is not served at the nursing home until 8 o'clock. What is Sherry most likely to experience through this transition? a) A shift in her desire to enjoy life. b) A shift in her reading habits. c) Resocialization. d) A complete and permanent loss of herself.

C

Society and culture _____. a) Are unrelated b) Could not exist together c) Could not exist without each other d) Are the same thing

C

Sociology is defined as the: a) Theoretical examination of life's origins. b) Quantitative analysis of social transgressions. c) Systematic study of society and social interaction. d) Qualitative analysis of human phenomenon.

C

Susan has the newest iPhone, iPad, iPod, and Mac. When a new Apple product is released, Susan stands in line for hours to be the first to buy it. Susan is a(n): a) Neo-Luddite b) Republican c) Technophile d) PC person

C

The concept "reference groups" can be defined as: a) Groups which consist of people for whom an individual feels great disdain. b) People who share similar characteristics but who are not connected in any way. c) Groups to which an individual compares himself or herself. d) Groups a person belongs to and feels are an integral part of his or her identity.

C

The term sexual orientation can be defined as: a) A term that refers to individuals who identify with the behaviors and characteristics their opposite of their biological sex b) A phase which a person out grows before entering heterosexuality c) A person's emotional and sexual attraction to a particular sex d) A persons biological gender

C

The term technological diffusion is defined as: a) The global lack of access to online media. b) A form of constant monitoring in which the observation posts are decentralized and the observed is never communicated with directly. c) The spread of technology across borders. d) The breakdown of communication between technological innovators and the general public.

C

The term value neutrality is defined by the text as: a) A study's participants being randomly selected to serve as a representation of a larger population. b) A systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary data as it relates to the study at hand. c) A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results. d) The study of evolving ethics and morals in relation to sociological research.

C

Today, the majority of mass-media outlets are owned by six corporations. This is a product of _________. a) Cyberfeminism b) Corporate isolation c) Media consolidation d) Technological imbalance

C

What is the difference between a primary group in a secondary group? a) primary group is small and impersonal; I secondary group is large and consist of face-to-face relationships. b) A primary group is large and impersonal; a secondary group is small, consisting of emotional, face-to-face relationships. c) A primary group is small, consisting of emotional face-to-face relationships; a secondary group is larger and impersonal. d) A primary group is large and impersonal; a secondary group is small and purely instrumental in function.

C

When Jeanette's parents find out her twin brother, Rex, has been sexually active, they tell him to use protection. When they find out Jeanette has been sexually active, they ground her for a month. This is an example of: a) A misunderstanding b) Gender identity c) A double standard d) Homophobia

C

According to Durkheim, which of the following is NOT a social fact? a) A religious belief b) A law c) A custom d) All of the above are social facts

D

After the floppy disk was introduced, zip drives were invented shortly after, followed quickly by flash drives. This is an example of: a) Digital divide b) Stolen technology c) Design patent d) Evolutionary model of technological change

D

As industrialization begin to boom, Durkheim believed people are more susceptible anomie me because: a) Collective norms are weakened. b)Society no longer has the support of the collective consciousness. c) Specialization of labor lead to alienation. d) All of the above.

D

Before the dawn of social media, powerful TV networks and widely circulated newspapers had great influence over the news stories that were reported to the public. This is referred to as: a) Social control b) Discriminatory journalism c) The great divide d) Gatekeeping

D

Biological determinism is: a) The prejudice belief that one sex should be valued over another b) And extreme or irrational aversion to homosexuals c) And individual's sense of being either masculine or feminine d) The belief that men and women behave differently due to differences in their biology

D

Christine is president of her improvisation comedy troupe. When making decisions about booking gigs, rehearsal spaces, and call times, Christine leaves the troupe to decide for themselves. Christine is a ____ leader. a) Republican b) Authoritarian c) Democratic d) Laissez-faire

D

From the functionalist perspective, which of the following is a function of social media? a) Life changing function b) Social norm function c) Entertainment function d) All of the above

D

Gender Dysphoria is: a) A form of sexual dysfunction and paraphilia b) A form of homophobia c) A condition where transgender people choose to alter their bodies d) A condition of people whose gender at birth is contrary to the one they identify with

D

Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that heavy competition and limited educational resources make admission difficult for the average student. Which perspective would Jeremy's argument fall under? a) Structural Functionalism b) Symbolic Interactionism c) Behaviorism d) Conflict Theory

D

Kendra is researching the effects of vitamin C on test-taking ability. Before the exam, Kendra gives group A orange juice, and group B water. Vitamin C is the ______. a) Experimental group b) Dependent variable c) Control group d) Independent variable

D

Kevin conducted a study on whether the length of the line at a local Starbucks affected how well the customers enjoyed their coffee after receiving it. Malcolm conducted the study at his local Starbucks, and found the same results. Kevin's study had a high level of _____. a) Validity b) Interpretation c) Literacy d) Reliability

D

Kurt and Mitch visit an Amish village on a class trip. "Let's see if we can round up some old radios and appliances and drop them off for them later this week. I think they'll appreciate it. They just don't understand what they're missing." Mitch rolls his eyes. Kurt's perspective is an example of _______. a) Behavioral normativity b) Ideal culture c) Material culture d) Cultural imperialism

D

Miguel is doing a research paper on New York City's Stonewall riots of 1969. He visits the scene of the riots, interviews people who were there, reads the police reports of the event, and watches video footage. Miguel is conducting a(n) ______. a) Overview b) Experiment c) Data analysis d) Case study

D

Sumaira is scared that she will not find a job in the current economy. She decides to be a business major and attend one of the top business schools in the country. Upon graduation, she is hired by a major investment banking firm in New York. Sumaira has completed: a) Developing her sense of morality. b) Developing her sense of self. c) A degradation ceremony. d) Anticipatory socialization.

D

Tasha believes that gender is about the division of labor in the family. In the pre-industrial era, men were the Hunter-gatherers and bread-winners, and women were keepers of the home. After World War II, changes in the family structure allowed women to become breadwinners also, altering the roles of the family. From what sociological perspective do Tasha's thoughts come? a) Symbolic interactionism b) Conflict theory c) Cyberfeminism d) Structual functionalism

D

The McDonalidization of Society refers to: a) The country's increasing dependence on fast food as a daily meal. b) The increasing popularity of McDonalds as a hang-out for youths. c) The obesity epidemic that's rapidly sweeping the United States. d) The increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions.

D

The term doing gender can be defined as: a) The prejudice belief that one sex should be valued over another b) The refusal to participate in any tasks with gender specific requirements c) Dating a member of the same sex to make a political statement d) When people perform tasks based upon the gender assigned to them by society and, in turn, themselves

D

Tyson is researching whether actors on prime-time television and hit movies negatively impact teenagers' body images. He is going undercover at a local high school to observe and participate with the students to better understand the world they live in. Tyson is conducting which research method? a) Experiments b) Secondary data analysis c) Surveys d) Field research

D

Tyson visits China over spring break, and after getting online to write home to her parents, she realizes some of her favorite social media sites are blocked by the Chinese government. She becomes concerned with how technology reinforces inequalities among communities, both within and among countries. What sociological perspective best fits Tyson's concerns? a) Functionalist b) Symbolic Interactionist c) Cyberfeminist d) Conflict

D

Weber's proposal of antipositivism influenced sociological researchers to ______ while examining different social worlds. a) Reject antiquated notions of privacy and consent b) Methodically predict situational outcomes c) Manipulate test subjects into answering difficult questions d) Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norm Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms

D

What group defines themselves through a rejection of the mainstream: a) Hepcats and Hipsters b) Beatniks and Hepcats c) Beatniks, Hepcats, Hipsters, and Hippies d) Hipsters and Hippies

D

What is the Kinsey Scale? a) An in-depth guide to measure whether a loved one is homosexual or heterosexual b) A religious test which classifies a persons ability to live as a heterosexual c) An instructional manual explaining acceptable homosexual, heterosexual, and bisexual behavior d) A six-point rating system that ranges from exclusively heterosexual to exclusively homosexual orientation

D

Which of the following is NOT an example of organic solidarity? a) A fast-food employee putting burgers into their buns. b) A toll-booth employee collecting toll change. c) A Ford Motors employee assembling taillights in an assembly line. d) A freelance artist creating a sculpture of Barack Obama.

D

Which of the following is NOT an example of self-fulfilling prophecy? a) Charlotte is an intelligent teenager, but told by her step sisters and cousins that she's destined to a life of poverty and failure. Charlotte begins to do poorly in school, and eventually drops out. b) Morgan overhears a professor predicting the economic recession will prevent entry level graduates from finding gainful employment. Morgan goes on interviews but doesn't bother preparing, convinced it's a waste of time. Morgan appears unprofessional and is not hired. c) Though encouraged by his parents to audition for Juilliard, Jose believes he isn't good enough to attend. After his audition, he expresses his reluctance to the admissions committee. They don't admit him due to his lack of certainty. d) Kevin sprained his ankle a month before marathon.Though his trainer advises him not to participate, Kevin runs the marathon and places third.

D

Which of the following is an example of a cultural universal? a) Putting your cell phone on silent during a Broadway production b) Holding hands with your best friend c) Marrying the partner whom your parents have chosen for you d) Incest taboos

D

Which of the following is an example of an informal sanction? a) Sarah buying Lady Gaga tickets from a scalper because the show sold out. b) Lilly being sent to prison because she failed to pay her taxes. c) Brett illegally downloading the new Black Keys album because he couldn't afford to buy it. d) The football team throwing a slushy in Finn's face because he tried to join the Glee club.

D

Which of the following is an example of an unethical sociological research practice? a) Conducting a literature review prior to conducting an experiment b) Drawing conclusions from a study which the hypothesis did not predict c) Using a control group and an experimental group during observation d) Observing study participants without their consent

D

Which of the following is an example of planned obsolescence? a) Evangeline refuses to purchase a Droid or an iPhone because her Razor phone has been in perfect shape for the past 6 years. b) Target offers a "buy two, get one free" sale on Blue Ray discs. c) Jerome spills coffee on his MacBook, and it ruins the keyboard. d) Sarah's iPod breaks just as the newest iPod Nano is being introduced.

D

Which of the following is an example of role strain? a) Alex takes a sabbatical from his job as a professor of molecular biology to raise his two young children. b) Krista lands a role on days of our lives and begins receiving Fanmail from fans across the country. c) Derek attend law school and becomes a lawyer, though he dreams of one day becoming the next John Grisham. d) Becca returns to work after giving birth to her daughter, finding it difficult to act as a mother, wife, and executive.

D

Which of the following is not a step in the scientific method? a) Research existing sources b) Formulate a hypothesis c) Report results d) Receive corroboration from the field

D

Which theorist would be most interested in who controls the media, and the ways in which the dominant race and class minimizes the media presence of the lower classes and other races? a) A cyberfeminist b) A functionalist c) A symbolic interactionist d) A conflict theorist

D

____ believed that societies grew and changed as a result of the struggles of different social classes over the means of production and greatly favored ____. a) Comte; Antipositivism b) Max Weber; Positivism c) Durkheim; Communism d) Karl Marx; Communism

D

______ societies relied on permanent tools for survival, and expanded due to innovations such as crop rotation and fertilizer. a) Industrial b) Hunter-gatherer c) Feudal d) Agricultural

D