sociology of the family quiz 1

Which perspective essentially believes in a market economy, but claims that economic and structural adjustments that place new demands on families without offering additional social support.

Liberal

If you were creating a society that allows for some control over reproduction for the sake of inheritance, which be the most effective strategy?

Monogamy

Which perspective attributes the difficulties children face to a lack of cooperation between the community, family, and employers to improve the quality of life?

Feminism

What accurately assesses the similarities of structural functionalism and family systems?

Focuses on the functions families serve for individuals and for society? Focus on how families are organized and how they interact in social systems

According to social exchange theory, what is the most effective way to explain why one family would have one parent stay at home and another family would choose to have two parents working?

A particular type of family structure or dynamic is the result of rational decisions based on social, economic, and emotional costs and benefits

What describes how structural functionalism views marriage?

According to structuralism, the functions of the family include: Regulation of sexual behavior Reproduction socialization of children Property and inheritance Economic cooperation Assignment of roles and status Shared intimacy Marriage is the cornerstone of these functions The arrangement is strictly human Publicly recognizes social and intimate bonds Marriages have specific characteristics It is a socially legitimate sexual union. It is begun with a public announcement or ceremony. It is undertaken with some idea of permanence. Assumed with some sort of contract Reciprocal obligations between spouses and their children Weddings represent a rite of passage from one phase of life to another.

Sociologists and other family scientists use a/an __________ approach in collecting and analyzing data so that they may describe some phenomenon, examine the factors that predict or are associated with some phenomenon, explain cause-and-effect relationships or provide insight into why certain events do or do not occur, and understand the meanings attached to behavior or situations.

Empirical approach

Which norm would you find the most openness to marriages outside one's own ethnic or social class division?

Exogamy

According to World Systems Theory, what do core countries like the United States and Japan do to poorer countries?

Exploit resources and cheap labor from other countries The United States, Western Europe, and Japan use their historical advantages to manipulate countries for their own benefit while extracting resources and cheap labor and destroying the environment

German sociologist Ferdinand Tonnies suggested that progressive loss of ________ is a result of industrialization and urbanization.

Gemeinschaft (intimacy in primary relationships)

What is an ascribed status?

statuses that we are born into.

Distinguish the difference between domestic partners and married partners.

A domestic partnership is, essentially, an alternative to marriage for same-sex couples. It allows you to define your relationship status. A domestic partnership will entitle you and your partner to many of the same benefits that a married couple enjoys. Two individuals who live together and share a common domestic life but are neither joined by marriage nor a civil union, yet may have other legal guarantees

According to the World System Theory, what results when wealthy countries bring employment to poor nations to benefit from low wages and other resources?

Changes in families can be traced to changing global economic markets and political structures. Nations, cultures, and families do not exist in isolation. Individual nations cannot be understood without considering the world system in which they are embedded. Capitalist world economy is predicated on the wealth of some using the resources of others to enhance their own wealth. Interdependence of nations had resulted in a modern world in which some countries remain impoverished and debt-ridden because they are exploited by other countries. The United States, Western Europe, and Japan use their historical advantages to manipulate countries for their own benefit while extracting resources and cheap labor and destroying the environment. Poorer periphery and semiperiphery nations cannot modernize and remain impoverished and in debt. The environment is also being destroyed. Rural families may move from producing food crops to producing cash crops. Men, especially young men, migrate to cities to find work while women stay at home, work in agriculture, and raise children. Sex-based segregated migration keeps families poor and isolated

Looking at the ways divorce and pay inequities are linked to broader social patterns is an example of

MACRO THEORIES Conflict Theory Structural Functionalism Feminism

Which is a family according to the U.S. Census Bureau?

MOST LIKELY PICKING FROM DIFFERENT OPTIONS - SEE ABOVE FOR DEFINITION Sé

What is the relationship between family and modernization?

Modernization theory—focuses on how industrialization transforms families Modernization involves the social and cultural transformation from developing societies (third world) to modern industrial societies (first-world or developed). Decline of small communities in which social interactions occurred within primary groups of family and close friends The decline of traditions and expansion of personal choice Increasing diversity and change Focus on the future The decline in the importance of religious institutions Mate selection became freer. Young people had more opportunities to interact with each other without parental supervision. Romantic love became an important ingredient of marriage. Shift away from extended families. Families became more isolated from their extended kin, network, and community. Families became smaller; children were considered an economic liability. Kinship evolved toward bilateral. With industrialization, fewer people owned extensive property to be handed down to a defined set of heirs. Families became more egalitarian. Marriage for romantic love Spouses emphasized the companionate nature of relationships. Women were (and are) denied basic rights such as voting privileges, the right to initiate divorce, or the ability to own property

Sociologist Peter Berger has connected which characteristics to modernization?

Much of our behavior is patterned on the basis of the social categories we fall into The social categories we fall into include age, income, race, ethnicity, sex, and physical appearance.

What is a key difference between the textbook's definition of family and the Census Bureau's definition of family?

The U.S. Census Bureau defines a family as two or more people living together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption. Textbook: Relationships by blood, marriage, or affection, in which members may cooperate economically, may care for any children, and may consider their identity to be intimately connected to the larger group This definition does not reflect the rich diversity of family life in the United States today. Some people suggest that if a group of people feels and behaves as a family, it should be considered to be a family.

Resiliency refers to

The capacity to rebound from adversity

Sweden's child/family allowance demonstrates its support of

There is a high degree of support for families, including paid materSwedes receive a large amount of public support for each child. Families having three or more children receive an increase in benefits. Housing allowances ensure that families pay no more than 40% of their income toward rent. Parents receive extensive parental leave when a child is born. Childcare is subsidized, and all parents receive benefits (married, cohabitating, and single). These policies were enacted for several reasons. Encourage people to have more children due to a decline in the birthrate Encourage women to work outside the home because they needed more workers Keep pace with Sweden's changing views of gender and greater movement toward egalitarianism The policies have proven to be beneficial. Women are well-represented in the labor force and in politics. Men and women support gender equality politically as well as domestically. Men spend more time doing household tasks, though women still do most of them.