sociology theory - structuralism

functionalism what is an organic analogy

believes society is a system just like the body whereby it consists of interconnected parts that work together to provide a function

4 key features of structuralism

- macro approach, studies overall structure of society not just individuals - uses positivist research - believes structures in society shape behavior, e.g education, religion, media - the behavior and identity of individuals is shaped by forces outside their control

functionalism what term does parson use to describe the basic needs of society in order for it to survive

functional prerequisites for example society has a prerequisite of skilled workers met by the education system. Also childcare and socialization met by the family

what are the two types of structuralism

functionalism and Marxism

functionalism 5 key features

macro approach favors positivist methods holds a consensus view structural modernist

functionalism how does parsons see one type of society (traditional) changing into another (modern)

structural differentiation a gradual process whereby separate institutions develop to each meet a specific need moving equilibrium as change happens in one part of the system it causes compensatory change in another part for example raise in industrialization brought change in family from extended to nuclear.

functionalism what does parsons believe about types of society

that there are two types. modern and traditional. within each type the variables fit together traditional = ascription (status ascribed), diffuseness (relationships are merged e.g. family member is also work colleague), particularism ( treat people differently e.g. employ family member over anyone else), affectivity (immediate gratification), collective orientation (putting group before yourself) modern = achievement, specificity (relationships are narrow), universalism (norms emphasize everyone being treated the same) affective neutrality (staying in school), self orientation

functionalism what is GAIL

the way in which society meets its functional prerequisites goal attainment - society sets goals for its members to achieve whilst providing the resources. this is the function of the political sub system e.g.institutions such a parliament adaption - society adapts to the materialistic needs of its members. this is the function of the economic subsystem integration - all societies members and all parts of society need to be integrated through social solidarity in order to pursue shared goals. this is met by the sub systems like religion, media and education latency - the maintenance of society through subsystems such as the family ensuring effective socialization and the release of tension (warm bath theory) both goal attainment and adaption as instrumental needs and latency and integration as expressive

functionalism what does parson believe in?

value consensus whereby everyone has a shared set of agreed norms and values enabling society to function harmoniously