Soil and Fertilizer Chapter 2 review

The transformation of gneiss into mica, quartz, feldspar crystal is an example of:

Physical weathering and disintegration

Organic matter accumulation is most pronounced in the_______________

O horizons

Exfoliation is caused by _________________

oxidation

In which of the following horizons has the process of illuviation most likely occurred?

B horizon

Silicate clay accumulation is most common in the ______________

B horizon

Which of the following statements is correct?

Lacustrine parent materials have been subject to weathering for shorter periods of time than residual parent materials nearby.

Residual parent materials are best described as_________________

Materials formed by weathering of rocks and minerals in place.

Which of the following statements is not correct?

Tropical forests protect the soil from excessive weathering.

Which of the following is not considered one of the five major factors influencing soil formation?

Valence state

"Biotite--->clay----->iron oxide" represents a __________________

Weathering sequence

If you wanted to find a soil where physical weathering dominated over chemical breakdown you would be most apt to find it in__________

a desert of Arizona B

The presence of rocks such as shale and sandstone indicates the existence of _______________

ancient seas

Secondary minerals are most prominent in the ______ fraction of soils

clay

The mixed angular gravel, rock and soil found at the foot of a slope is typical of what type of parent materials?

colluvial

Glacial till is a term used to described parent materials that:

contain a heterogeneous mixture of mineral debris dropped by receding glaciers.

The reaction: mica + water ----> K^+ + OH + acid clay is an example of __________

exfoliation

which minerals is most resistant to weathering under humid temperate conditions?

gibbsite

Granite is an example of a(n)____________

igneous rock

The element most often involve in oxidation reaction as minerals weather is __________________

iron

Which of the following is not a secondary minerals?

muscovite

Igneous rock can best be characterized as:

rocks formed when molten magma solidifies

Alluvial fans are usually characterized by ________ soils.

sandy and gravelly

Mechanical weathering processes result in:

the disintegration of rocks due to differential expansion of minerals

Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic are 3 ______________

types of rocks