SON 111 - Review

What angle would produce the greatest doppler shift? a. 0 b.35 c. 60 d. 90

a. 0

A strong specular reflector is disjointed in the B-mode image. Further examination of the image shows that the discontinuity is distal to a mass in the liver. What is the cause of this artifact? a. Propagation speed error b. acoustic speckle c. ghost artifact d. reverberation

a. Propagation speed error

What is the relationship between dynamic range and compression? a. inverse b. direct c. not related d. cousins

a. inverse

Axial spatial resolution in B-mode imaging is improved by increasing the ________________. a. transmitted frequency b. power c. pulse repetition frequency d. spatial pulse length

a. transmitted frequency

Blood is flowing in a vessel with a stenotic region. Pressure is measured in 3 locations within the vessel: A) upstream from the stenosis B) within the stenosis C) downstream from the stenosis. At which location is pressure the lowest? a. Point A b. Point B c. Point C d. All locations will measure equally

b. Point B

All of the following are considered techniques to reduce aliasing, except: a. increase PRF b. decrease PRF c. Lower baseline d. use CW doppler

b. decrease PRF

what term describes simultaneous anatomic imaging and doppler imaging? a. harmonic imaging b. duplex imaging c. dynamic imaging d. dual imaging

b. duplex imaging

which of the following techniques would eliminate slice thickness artifact? a. utilize a lower frequency transducer b. harmonic imaging c. increase overall gain d. use a non-focused beam

b. harmonic imaging

If the overall image is too dark, what should the sonographer do first? a. increase output power b. increase receiver gain c. decrease output power d. decrease receiver gain

b. increase receiver gain

If the Nyquist limit is 18 MHz, and the doppler shift frequency is 4 MHZ, will there be aliasing? a. yes b. no c. cannot be determined

b. no

What is the purpose of a wall filter? a. amplify low velocity signals b. reduce clutter c. reduce the nyquist limit d. increase the sensitivity for color doppler

b. reduce clutter

The color map on the display is set to blue above the baseline and red below. When interrogated with color doppler, the hepatic veins are red. Which of the following is correct based on these statements? a. the hepatic veins are flowing towards the transducer b. the hepatic veins are flowing away from the transducer c. the hepatic veins are demonstrating a positive doppler shift. d. none of the above

b. the hepatic veins are flowing away from the transducer

Which of the following is indicative of the likeliness to create cavitation? a. TI b. CI c. MI d. BI

c. MI

Which of the following methods can be used to improve vessel fill-in with color doppler? a. increase the PRF b. decrease the color gain c. decrease the angle of incidence to the vessel d. increase the angle of incidence to the vessel

c. decrease the angle of incidence to the vessel

all of the following can be done to increase the frame rate, except: a. decrease sector width b. decrease line density c. increase imaging depth d. single transmit zone

c. increase imaging depth

Two things contribute to the efficient transmission of sound from the transducer into the patient. What are they? a. backing layer and transducer housing b. matching layer and damping material c. matching layer and gel d. crystal and gel

c. matching layer and gel

All of the following are synonymous with power doppler, except: a. color angio b. energy mode c. sensitivity mode d. none of the above are synonymous with power doppler

c. sensitivity mode

Which color map presents changes in flow from top to bottom as well as side to side? a. velocity b. power c. variance d. spectral

c. variance

Which of the following is a correct adjustment to improve frame rate? a. increase line density b. multiple Focus c. increase the depth of view d. decrease the sector width

d. decrease the sector width

Avoiding lung tissue during real time scanning is usually desirable because ____________ a. lung is sensitive to biologic damage b. the speed of sound in air is 333 m/s c. comet tail image artifacts are created d. lung has a high rate of attenuation

d. lung has a high rate of attenuation

A curved nodule is depicted more clearly with spatial compounding. what is the reason for this improvement in image quality? a. autocorrelation detection used in signal processing b. all of the above c. speckle reduced at a higher transmitted frequencies d. nodule interrogated with multiple angles.

d. nodule interrogated with multiple angles.

How is turbulence displayed within a signal on spectral doppler? a. dampening b. increased pulsatility c. speckle d. spectral broadening

d. spectral broadening