SOP 3742 - Chapter 2 Quiz

When we examine the representation of women in language, what can we conclude about terms used for women and men? A. The female member of a pair of words often has a more negative connotation than the male member of the pair. B. Men are more likely than women to be referred to with infantilizing terms. C. Men and women are usually referred to with different, but parallel terms. D. Women are assumed to be the norm, whereas special terms are used for men.

A. The female member of a pair of words often has a more negative connotation than the male member of the pair.

Imagine that your uncle believes men are better drivers than women. This would be an example of A. a gender stereotype. B. gender discrimination. C. heterosexism. D. gender prejudice.

A. a gender stereotype.

According to research about heterosexism, A. men have more negative attitudes toward lesbians and gay males than women do. B. people tend to be just as negative about lesbians as they are about gay males. C. students who have just graduated from college show the same degree of heterosexism as first-year college students. D. heterosexist attitudes are not correlated with racist attitudes.

A. men have more negative attitudes toward lesbians and gay males than women do.

People demonstrate ambivalent sexism if they A. show high hostile sexism and high benevolent sexism. B. show higher hostile sexism than benevolent sexism. C. show higher benevolent sexism than hostile sexism. D. show low hostile sexism and low benevolent sexism.

A. show high hostile sexism and high benevolent sexism.

Under which of the following conditions is a woman least likely to be devalued, relative to a man? A. when there is a large amount of detailed information available about her qualifications B. when the person who is doing the evaluation has traditional values C. when males are doing the evaluation D. when the woman acts like a stereotypical male, rather than acting like a stereotypical female

A. when there is a large amount of detailed information available about her qualifications

Which of the following is the best example of the term "stereotype threat"? A. A teenage girl realizes that she does not need to conform to the North American standards of beauty. B. A teenage boy worries that he won't be able to take good care of his infant niece because his friends recently told him that boys have no clue how to handle babies. C. A male college graduate says he knows that women can be good at math, but he doesn't really believe this. D. When making judgments about an acquaintance, a female college graduate remembers more gender-consistent information than gender-inconsistent information

B. A teenage boy worries that he won't be able to take good care of his infant niece because his friends recently told him that boys have no clue how to handle babies.

Which of the following statements is correct about gender bias in history? A. Women did not make any contributions in art, religion, or government until about 1850. B. Women artists usually expressed themselves in art forms that were less durable and long-lasting than men's art forms. C. Women were excluded from religious leadership until after 1000 A.D. D. History books have traditionally done an accurate job in conveying information about women's lives.

B. Women artists usually expressed themselves in art forms that were less durable and long-lasting than men's art forms.

Which of the following four terms—discussed in Chapter 2—is the most general? A. stereotype B. bias C. prejudice D. discrimination

B. bias

Suppose that you are reading a journal article about gender and social class. The author of this article emphasizes that the experiences of a wealthy woman are very different from the experiences of a low-income women, even though both of them are female. This author is emphasizing the concept called A. androgyny B. intersectionality C. implicit gender stereotypes D. stereotype threat

B. intersectionality

According to the discussion of women of color and the media, A. women of color who are professionals are now shown in advertisements at a frequency that matches their representation in the population. B. women of color tend to be misrepresented as either "good girls" or "bad girls." C. Latina women are more likely than Black women to be portrayed as aggressive. D. Latina women are likely to be shown in a professionally competent fashion.

B. women of color tend to be misrepresented as either "good girls" or "bad girls."

Which of the following is an example of institutional heterosexism? A. A company that doesn't allow employees to keep pictures of their romantic partners (lesbian, gay, or straight) on their desks. B. An insurance plan that offers benefits to same-gender partners. C. In some states, state laws do not prohibit employment discrimination against people because of their sexual orientation. D. A housing development that has a policy that only two people can live in each dwelling.

C. In some states, state laws do not prohibit employment discrimination against people because of their sexual orientation.

Terms used for women and men differ in which of the following respect(s)? A. The two kinds of terms are often not parallel because the male term may be prefaced by the word man or the word male. B. The male member of a pair of items is typically more negative than the female member. C. Terms for women are more likely to be negative, compared to terms for men. D. Terms for women are more general and inclusive, compared to terms for men.

C. Terms for women are more likely to be negative, compared to terms for men.

According to current research, people typically think that A. men are nicer than women. B. women are more competent than men, but similar to men in "niceness." C. feminists are not as nice as other women. D. feminists and other women are equally nice.

C. feminists are not as nice as other women.

According to the social cognitive approach to stereotypes, A. people tend to "lump together" men and women into the same category. B. people must use considerable processing time before they decide whether an individual is a male or a female. C. people tend to split the world into two categories on the basis of a person's gender. D. stereotypes are created in order to discriminate against certain classes of people.

C. people tend to split the world into two categories on the basis of a person's gender.

The best example of an "implicit gender stereotype" would be a stereotype that A. is more positive about women than about men. B. is more positive about Black women than about White women. C. people use automatically but are not aware they have. D. focuses on people's pleasantness, rather than their ability.

C. people use automatically but are not aware they have.

Why are self-fulfilling prophecies relevant to stereotypes? A. People tend to make predictions about their own behavior and then act in the exact opposite way. B. Like stereotypes, self-fulfilling prophecies tend to separate concepts into two distinct areas C. We use self-fulfilling prophecies to make career decisions based on stereotypes. D. We tend to behave in a way that is consistent with other people's gender stereotypes.

D. We tend to behave in a way that is consistent with other people's gender stereotypes.

In what way are women and men represented differently in the media? A. An article about a prominent man is more likely than an article about a prominent woman to discuss the person's clothing. B. Women are likely to be shown moving away from men, whereas men seldom move away from women C. In an attempt to reduce stereotypes, the media have actually begun to portray women as being more aggressive than men. D. Women are more likely than men to be shown in a reclining body position.

D. Women are more likely than men to be shown in a reclining body position.

One possible practical consequence of people's attributions for women's and men's performances is that A. males are likely to have their successes attributed to cheating. B. males are likely to have their failures attributed to lack of ability. C. females are likely to have their successes attributed to high ability. D. females are likely to have their successes attributed to hard work.

D. females are likely to have their successes attributed to hard work.

The last part of Chapter 2 described a study in which US students were asked to rate a list of personal traits in terms of its importance in their life. The list of 10 most important traits showed that A. males and females differed greatly in their ratings. B. males were much more likely than females to give high ratings to traits such as "independent" and "self-reliant." C. females were much more likely than males to give high ratings to traits such as "loyal" and "understanding." D. more than half of the top 10 most important traits were the same for women and men.

D. more than half of the top 10 most important traits were the same for women and men.

One of the problems with the concept of androgyny is that A. the theory unrealistically attempts to eliminate the categories of masculinity and femininity. B. androgyny is correlated with too many other behaviors and personality characteristics. C. no clear standards are associated with androgyny, making the concept difficult to measure. D. the theory suggests that society's problems can be solved by changing individuals.

D. the theory suggests that society's problems can be solved by changing individuals.