Soph. English, Semester 2 Final

oxymoron

when two opposite words come together to mean one thing. Example: Jumbo Shrimp

What is a conscientious objector?

A person who for different reason objects to complying with a requirement, especially on the armed forces.

Where is Flanders field?

No, Flanders is an area of Belgium. It is much bigger than a city.

Define anthem

a) a rousing or uplifting song identified with a particular group, body, or cause b) a hymn sung alternately by different sections of a choir or congregation.

personification

giving an animal or object human-like characteristics Example: The cupcake was calling my name.

hyperbole

is an exaggeration Example: Ms. Smith told the class to be quiet a million times.

Define pallor

an unhealthy pale appearance

Who is the speaker in this poem?

I think that the speaker is an important general or leader of the military. I think that he is not just another soldier, but someone the soldiers can look up to.

Find an example of an onomatopoeia

Patter

Find an example of alliteration

"Only the stuttering rifles rapid rattle."

What is an allusion?

Is a brief and indirect reference to something historical or cultural significance.

imagery

uses sensory details to help the reader vividly picture, or imagine, what is happening within the text. Example: The bright morning sun rose slowly, illuminating the petals on the sunflowers.

b) Identify at least for or five similes that are effective.

1. "Bent double, like old beggars under sacks." 2. "Knock-kneed, coughing like hags," 3. "Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs, Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues. 4. "His hanging face, like a devil's sick of sin"

3. Courtesy Makes a Difference

Be courteous to all around you, regardless of rank or position. Military customs, as well as common courtesies, help bond a team. When our daily words to Mr. Crawford turned from perfunctory hellos to heartfelt greetings, his demeanor and personality outwardly changed. It made a difference for all of us.

2. Everyone deserves Respect

Because we hung the janitor label on Mr. Crawford, we often wrongly treated him with less respect than others around us. He deserved much more, and not just because he was a Medal of Honor winner. Bill deserved respect because he was a janitor, walked among us, and was a part of our team.

What items or practices associated with services or observances for the dead are named in this poem? At least 3

1. The wailing shells on the battlefield substitutes for choirs at regular funerals. 2. The stuttering rifles rapid rattle on the battlefield substitutes orisons or prayer at a regular funeral. 3. The look in the men's eyes on the battlefield substitutes candles held at a regular funeral.

What have you learned about WWI in World History class? Name 3

1. We learned about how it was the first war that used trench warfare. No one had ever really tried this before and they thought that it ended up being very successful for its time. It was used a bit during the Civil War, but not extensively. 2. Another thing that we learned about WW1 is why the US actually joined the war was because of ships from Germany. We got into a big fight with them and joined the war in 1917, a year before the war ended. 3. We also learned the effects that WW1 had on the people who stayed home and took care of the houses and the children. The women became important to the villages at this time because they needed to watch and take care of the towns and homes while the men fought.

Define pall

A cloth spread over a coffin, hearse, or tomb.

Define shire

A county, especially in England; used in reference to parts of England regarded as strongholds of traditional rural culture, especially the rural Midlands.

The speaker tells us that the soldiers "die as cattle." What figure of speech is that?

A simile

a) Define simile

A simile is when you compare something using "like" or "as"

What is done with the soldier after he is stricken?

After the soldier is stricken by the enemy he is laying there on the ground choking on his own blood and drowning in his own blood. He knows that he is going to die from being stabbed.

10. Life is a Leadership Laboratory

All too often we look to some school or PME class to teach us about leadership when, in fact, life is a leadership laboratory. Those you meet every day will teach you enduring lessons if you just take time to stop, look and listen. I spent four years at the Air Force Academy, took dozens of classes, read hundreds of books, and met thousands of great people. I gleaned leadership skills from all of them, but one of the people I remember most is Mr. Bill Crawford and the lessons he unknowingly taught. Don't miss your opportunity to learn. Bill Crawford was a janitor. However, he was also a teacher, friend, role model and one great American hero.

Dulce Et Decorum Est By Wilfred Owen

Bent double, like old beggars under sacks, Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge, Till on the haunting flares we turned our backs, And towards our distant rest began to trudge. Men marched asleep. Many had lost their boots, But limped on, blood-shod. All went lame; all blind; Drunk with fatigue; deaf even to the hoots Of gas-shells dropping softly behind. Gas! GAS! Quick, boys!—An ecstasy of fumbling Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time, But someone still was yelling out and stumbling And flound'ring like a man in fire or lime.— Dim through the misty panes and thick green light, As under a green sea, I saw him drowning. In all my dreams before my helpless sight, He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning. If in some smothering dreams, you too could pace Behind the wagon that we flung him in, And watch the white eyes writhing in his face, His hanging face, like a devil's sick of sin; If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs, Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues,— My friend, you would not tell with such high zest To children ardent for some desperate glory, The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori.

How is Death personified?

Death in this poem is personified as an actual person who is trying to take their life from them. What is Death doing? He is leading a horse out of the barn, he is saddling the horse. He is a horseback rider.

Define demented

Driven to behave irrationally due to anger, distress, or excitement

The Man He Killed By Thomas Hardy

Had he and I but met By some old ancient inn, We should have sat us down to wet Right many a nipperkin!​ "But ranged as infantry, And staring face to face, I shot at him as he at me, And killed him in his place. "I shot him dead because -- Because he was my foe, Just so: my foe of course he was; That's clear enough; although "He thought he'd 'list,​ perhaps, Offhand like -- just as I -- Was out of work -- had sold his traps -- No other reason why. "Yes, quaint and curious war is! You shoot a fellow down You'd treat if met where any bar is, Or help to half-a-crown."

What does the Irish airman believe will happen to him.

He believes that his fate is to fight for his country and that he might die in the military. He does NOT think that he must fight for his country. "Nor law nor duty bade me fight."

So why does the Airman go to war?

He does it for himself because he wants his life to be meaningful and that is how he thinks it will be meaningful. "A lonely impulse of delight drove to this tumult in the clouds." He goes to war because he will be able to fly. Remember that we discussed during the class meeting that the only way to experience flight during World War I was by being in the military. There was no commercial flight.

How worried does he seem about his fate?

He doesn't seem worried at all about what might happen to him fighting in this war. In fact, he says he has "balanced all." He has considered his options, thought it through, and decided that in order to fly, he will have to go to war.

How does he feel about those he is fighting against?

He expressed, "Those that I fight I do not hate, those that I guard I do not love. " He had no feelings about the people he was fighting for. Well, at least he doesn't hate them.

How does he view his future?

He feels that he won't be any happier after he does this. He won't care about how his life has been lived up to this point and that nothing will change. He says, "Or leave them happier than before."

Why is he fighting them?

He is doing this for himself, and not anybody else. He does not say he wants to be part of something bigger, however. He says "a lonely impulse of delight" is what drives him.

Why does the speaker kill his enemy? Does he seem satisfied with his reason? What words suggest this answer to you? Be sure to consider the third stanza in your explanation. Write at least 3 complete sentences.

He kills the other guy just because he looks like their foe. He does seem satisfied with his reason he killed the man. The words that suggest this answer is, ""I shot him dead because -- Because he was my foe, Just so: my foe of course he was; That's clear enough."

How does he view his past?

He might die in the military. He does NOT think that he must fight for his country. "Nor law nor duty bade me fight."

What will be his fate?

His fate is that he will die in this war. Early on he says that, but later he's saying how confident he is that they are going to win.

Do you agree with the Latin statement? (Your one opinion)

I do agree with the Latin saying because I grew up as a military kid and knew what it was like to have someone special to you risk their life for their country. I think you should be able to show pride for where you live and express thanks for those that risk their lives to keep you safe. Being able to fight for tour country is a privilege.

An Irish Airman Foresees His Death By William Butler Yeats

I know that I shall meet my fate Somewhere among the clouds above; Those that I fight I do not hate, Those that I guard I do not love; My country is Kiltartan​ Cross, My countrymen Kiltartan's poor, No likely end could bring them loss Or leave them happier than before. Nor law, nor duty bade me fight, Nor public men, nor cheering crowds, A lonely impulse of delight Drove to this tumult in the clouds; I balanced all, brought all to mind, The years to come seemed waste of breath, A waste of breath the years behind In balance with this life, this death.

Conscientious Objector By Edna St. Vincent Milay

I shall die, but that is all that I shall do for Death. I hear him leading his horse out of the s I hear the clatter on the barn-floor. tall; He is in haste; he has business in Cuba, business in the Balkans, many calls to make this morning. But I will not hold the bridle while he clinches the girth. And he may mount by himself: I will not give him a leg up. Though he flick my shoulders with his whip, I will not tell him which way the fox ran. With his hoof on my breast, I will not tell him where the black boy hides in the swamp. I shall die, but that is all that I shall do for Death; I am not on his pay-roll. I will not tell him the whereabouts of my friends nor of my enemies either. Though he promise me much, I will not map him the route to any man's door. Am I a spy in the land of the living, that I should deliver men to Death? Brother, the password and the plans of our city are safe with me; never through me Shall you be overcome.

Why do you think the Milay chose those particular locations?

I think that Milay chose these places because they are all over the world. It shows you that many different places can have something in common even though they are millions of miles apart. What they have in common is the experience of war. The Balkans is where World War I began. Cuba was the site of the Spanish-American War (1898).

The word "blinds" in the last line is a metaphor. What are "blinds a metaphor for" ?

I think that blinds are a metaphor for the light in the day and it shows them when it's going to be dark because it will be hard to fight in the dark. The blinds are also a metaphor for the hope they have that they will be able to win the war when it is all over.

The poet , Wilfred Owen, is trying to get a message to a certain kind of person. Who do you think Owen is trying to reach?

I think that he is trying to reach all those soldiers that have fought bravely and no to be afraid of what might happen to them during the war.

What does the poet mean when he writes, "If ye break faith with us who die/ We shall not sleep, though Poppies grow/ In Flanders field"?

I think that he means if they don't take care and protect their country, the dead people in the graves will have unrest. Specifically those who have died here in Flanders. They always want to know that there will be someone there protecting the place where they once fought.

Why should bells be "mockeries" ? (You have to infer)

I think that the prayers or bells would be mockeries because it would let the enemy know how much they are killing and they might be doing better. It is mocking how bad they are at fighting too.

Why did the speaker become a soldier? ( you have to infer)

I think that the speaker became a soldier because he wanted to be able to serve his country and make himself proud. He also thinks that it will be a fun thing he can do to pass the time.

9. No Job is Beneath a Leader

If Bill Crawford, a Medal of Honor winner, could clean latrines and smile, is there a job beneath your dignity? Think about it.

"In Flanders Field" By John McCrae

In Flanders fields the poppies blow Between the crosses, row on row That mark our place; and in the sky The larks, still bravely singing, fly Scarce heard amid the guns below. We are the dead. Short ago We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow, Loved and were loved, and now we lie In Flanders fields. Take up our quarrel with the foe; To you, from failing hands, we throw The torch; be yours to hold it high. If ye break faith with us who die We shall not sleep, though poppies grow In Flanders fields

4. Take Time to Know Your People

Life in the military is hectic, but that's no excuse for not knowing the people you work for and with. For years a hero walked among us at the Academy and we never knew it. Who are the heroes that walk in your midst?

What is the biblical allusion made in this poem.

It is a reference to the book of revelation. In it, Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse will come to Earth at the end of time. One of the Horsemen is war. A second is death.

5. Anyone Can Be a Hero

Mr. Crawford certainly didn't fit anyone's standard definition of a hero. Moreover, he was just a private on the day he won his Medal. Don't sell your people short, for any one of them may be the hero who rises to the occasion when duty calls. On the other hand, it's easy to turn to your proven performers when the chips are down, but don't ignore the rest of the team. Today's rookie could and should be tomorrow's superstar.

What happened in Flanders Field?

It was a battle area in Belgium during World War 1. Many people died, even if they weren't fighting in the war, like women and children. It was on the western front of the war. More than 50 different countries men were hurt or went missing in action here.

Some of the stories were written in response to WWI. When was WWI fought?

July 28, 1914- November 11, 1918

1. Be Cautious of Labels

Labels you place on people may define your relationship to them and bound their potential. Sadly, and for a long time, we labeled Bill as just a janitor, but he was so much more. Therefore, be cautious of a leader who callously says, Hey, he's just an Airman. Likewise, don't tolerate the O-1, who says, I can't do that, I'm just a lieutenant.

Notice that the octave is concerned with the horror, noise and , confusion of the battlefield. What contrast in setting and mood is developed.

Many of the soldiers are laying on the battlefields dead and their troops are mourning the death of the soldiers that were lost in the fight.

6. Leaders Should Be Humble

Most modern day heroes and some leaders are anything but humble, especially if you calibrate your hero meter on today's athletic fields. End zone celebrations and self-aggrandizement are what we've come to expect from sports greats. Not Mr. Crawford --- he was too busy working to celebrate his past heroics. Leaders would be well-served to do the same.

What is the speaker's attitude toward his enemy? How do you know? Write at least 2 complete sentences.

The speaker's attitude towards the other guy is that he is dead now and that is fine cause he was the enemy. He thinks that before he killed him, he should have sat down and have a drink with him.

More about Mr. Crawford's story about how he won the Medal of Honor

On Hill 424, Pvt. Crawford took out 3 enemy machine guns before darkness fell, halting the platoon's advance. Pvt. Crawford could not be found and was assumed dead. The request for his MOH was quickly approved. MG Terry Allen presented the posthumous MOH to Bill Crawford's father, George, on 11 May 1944 in Camp (now Fort) Carson, near Pueblo. Nearly two months after that, it was learned that Pvt. Crawford was alive in a POW camp in Germany. During his captivity, a German guard clubbed him with his rifle. Bill overpowered him, took the rifle away, and beat the guard unconscious. A German doctor's testimony saved him from severe punishment, perhaps death. To stay ahead of the advancing Russian army, the prisoners were marched 500 miles in 52 days in the middle of the German winter, subsisting on one potato a day. An allied tank column liberated the camp in the spring of 1945, and Pvt. Crawford took his first hot shower in 18 months on VE Day. Pvt. Crawford stayed in the army before retiring as a MSG and becoming a janitor.

In what ways do we "keep faith" with the dead in everyday life?

One way that we keep faith with the dead is we pray for those that have passed away that they may always have peace in their lives. Another way that we keep faith in the dead is to honor them throughout our whole life.

Based on this poem why do people go to war?

People go to war because they want to be able to fight for their country and even give honor to those who fought before them. This poem is more about pride and doing for someone else, not yourself.

8. Don't Perdue Glory; Purdue Excellence

Private Bill Crawford didn't pursue glory; he did his duty and then swept floors for a living. No matter what task life hands you, do it well. Mr. Crawford modeled that philosophy and helped make our dormitory area a home.

Wh happens suddenly, and why are the soldiers slow in reacting to it?

The soldiers are suddenly ambushed by the enemy and are being shot at. They are so slow to react to what is going on because they are so weak from what the war has done to them.

What is the speaker telling us about the way the soldiers are dying?

The soldiers die in bloody battles as they are sometimes left in the battlefield for days or even years.

Define mockery

Teasing and contemptuous language or behavior directed at a particular person or thing.

What point is the speaker making about how war affects the processes and rituals of death? What is the speaker implying about war itself?

The speaker is trying to say that even though they can't do a proper burial for everyone there are ways where they can remember those they lost. The war takes many lives throughout the whole process and many don't male it back home.

What events started World War I?

The event that really started the First World War was the assasination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (and his wife Sophie!). This happened on June 28, 1914 in Sarajevo, Bosnia. After this had happened Austria declared war on Serbia and that started the First World War.

Who's the speaker in this poem and who's he talking to?

The first four lines of the second stanza is clear: "We are the dead." The speaker is the dead soldiers in the cemetery in Flanders Fields. He / They are speaking to those soldiers who will come after them.

Find one phrase in this poem that you think best sums up Owen's attitude toward war and death in war.

The one phrase that sums up his attitude towards death and war is, " My friend, you would not tell with such high zest To children ardent for some desperate glory, The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori."

Why are these youth not receiving a normal funeral?

The youth are not receiving a normal funeral because they are dying during war and they can't take time to bury every single one of them like they usually do. They ring a bell for the dead.

Translate this Latin phrase: Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori.

This Latin phrase means it is sweet and proper to die for ones own country.

idiom

a phrase that is not meant to be taken literally Example: Cat got your tongue.

7. Life Won't Always Hand You What You Think You Deserve?

We in the military work hard and, dang it, we deserve recognition, right? However, sometimes you just have to persevere, even when accolades don't come your way. Perhaps you weren't nominated for junior officer or airman of the quarter as you thought you should - don't let that stop you.

pun

a play on words Example: I wondered why the baseball was getting bigger. Then it hit me.

allusion

a reference to an event, work of art (painting, play, novel, poem, etc.), popular culture, etc. ; it is a reference that well-educated people will recognize. For many people, an allusion needs a footnote or explanation. Example: She acts like a Scrooge with her money and won't buy anything that is absolutely necessary. (reference to Scrooge in A Christmas Carol.)

Anthem for Doomed Youth By Wilfred Owen

What passing-bells for these who die as cattle? — Only the monstrous anger of the guns. Only the stuttering rifles' rapid rattle Can patter out their hasty orisons. No mockeries now for them; no prayers nor bells; Nor any voice of mourning save the choirs,— The shrill, demented choirs of wailing shells; And bugles calling for them from sad shires. What candles may be held to speed them all? Not in the hands of boys, but in their eyes Shall shine the holy glimmers of goodbyes. The pallor of girls' brows shall be their pall; Their flowers the tenderness of patient minds, And each slow dusk a drawing-down of blinds.

The Story about Mr. Crawford

William "Bill" Crawford certainly was an unimpressive figure, one you could easily overlook during a hectic day at the U.S. Air Force Academy. Mr. Crawford, as most of us referred to him back in the late 1970s, was our squadron janitor. While we cadets busied ourselves preparing for academic exams, athletic events, Saturday morning parades and room inspections, or never-ending leadership classes, Bill quietly moved about the squadron mopping and buffing floors, emptying trash cans, cleaning toilets, or just tidying up the mess 100 college-age kids can leave in a dormitory. Sadly, and for many years, few of us gave him much notice, rendering little more than a passing nod or throwing a curt, G'Morning! in his direction as we hurried off to our daily duties. Why? Perhaps it was because of the way he did his job-he always kept the squadron area spotlessly clean, even the toilets and showers gleamed. Frankly, he did his job so well, none of us had to notice or get involved. After all, cleaning toilets was his job, not ours. Maybe it was his physical appearance that made him disappear into the background. Bill didn't move very quickly and, in fact, you could say he even shuffled a bit, as if he suffered from some sort of injury. His gray hair and wrinkled face made him appear ancient to a group of young cadets. And his crooked smile, well, it looked a little funny. Face it, Bill was an old man working in a young person's world. What did he have to offer us on a personal level? Finally, maybe it was Mr. Crawford's personality that rendered him almost invisible to the young people around him. Bill was shy, almost painfully so. He seldom spoke to a cadet unless they addressed him first, and that didn't happen very often. Our janitor always buried himself in his work, moving about with stooped shoulders, a quiet gait, and an averted gaze. If he noticed the hustle and bustle of cadet life around him, it was hard to tell. So, for whatever reason, Bill blended into the woodwork and became just another fixture around the squadron. The Academy, one of our nation's premier leadership laboratories, kept us busy from dawn till dusk. And Mr. Crawford...well, he was just a janitor. That changed one fall Saturday afternoon in 1976. I was reading a book about World War II and the tough Allied ground campaign in Italy, when I stumbled across an incredible story. On Sept. 13, 1943, a Private William Crawford from Colorado, assigned to the 36th Infantry Division, had been involved in some bloody fighting on Hill 424 near Altavilla, Italy. The words on the page leapt out at me: in the face of intense and overwhelming hostile fire ... with no regard for personal safety on his own initiative, Private Crawford single-handedly attacked fortified enemy positions. It continued, for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at risk of life above and beyond the call of duty, the President of the United States ... "Holy cow," I said to my roommate, "you're not going to believe this, but I think our janitor is a Medal of Honor winner." We all knew Mr. Crawford was a WWII Army vet, but that didn't keep my friend from looking at me as if I was some sort of alien being. Nonetheless, we couldn't wait to ask Bill about the story on Monday. We met Mr. Crawford bright and early Monday and showed him the page in question from the book, anticipation and doubt on our faces. He stared at it for a few silent moments and then quietly uttered something like, Yep, that's me. Mouths agape, my roommate and I looked at one another, then at the book, and quickly back at our janitor. Almost at once we both stuttered, Why didn't you ever tell us about it? He slowly replied after some thought, "That was one day in my life and it happened a long time ago." I guess we were all at a loss for words after that. We had to hurry off to class and Bill, well, he had chores to attend to. However, after that brief exchange, things were never again the same around our squadron. Word spread like wildfire among the cadets that we had a hero in our midst - Mr. Crawford, our janitor, had won the Medal! Cadets who had once passed by Bill with hardly a glance, now greeted him with a smile and a respectful, Good morning, Mr. Crawford. Those who had before left a mess for the janitor to clean up started taking it upon themselves to put things in order. Most cadets routinely stopped to talk to Bill throughout the day and we even began inviting him to our formal squadron functions. He'd show up dressed in a conservative dark suit and quietly talk to those who approached him, the only sign of his heroics being a simple blue, star-spangled lapel pin. Almost overnight, Bill went from being a simple fixture in our squadron to one of our teammates. Mr. Crawford changed too, but you had to look closely to notice the difference. After that fall day in 1976, he seemed to move with more purpose, his shoulders didn't seem to be as stooped, he met our greetings with a direct gaze and a stronger good morning in return, and he flashed his crooked smile more often. The squadron gleamed as always, but everyone now seemed to notice it more. Bill even got to know most of us by our first names, something that didn't happen often at the Academy. While no one ever formally acknowledged the change, I think we became Bill's cadets and his squadron. As often happens in life, events sweep us away from those in our past. The last time I saw Bill was on graduation day in June 1977. As I walked out of the squadron for the last time, he shook my hand and simply said, Good luck, young man. With that, I embarked on a career that has been truly lucky and blessed. Mr. Crawford continued to work at the Academy and eventually retired in his native Colorado where he resides today, one of four Medal of Honor winners living in a small town. A wise person once said, "It's not life that's important, but those you meet along the way that make the difference." Bill was one who made a difference for me. While I haven't seen Mr. Crawford in over twenty years, he'd probably be surprised to know I think of him often. Bill Crawford, our janitor, taught me many valuable, unforgettable leadership lessons. Here are ten I'd like to share with you.

What message or request is the speaker giving?

Yes, serve your country with honor, but specifically, "take up our quarrel with the foe." Finish what we started. Don't let us down.

alliteration

repetition of sounds at the beginning of words Example: Timmy talks too much.

What kind of poem is this?

sonnet

onomatopoeia

the formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named. Example: POW! CLAP! CRASH! SMACK!

How would you describe the tone of this poem? What does Wilfred Own think of war?

think that the tone of this poem is that Wilfred Owen actually may have fought in a war and got to see what it was like. I think that his attitude is he wants to do everything that he can do to help the people he is protecting. He had a good attitude towards everyone around him.

metaphor

you compare two unlike things use the form of "to be" Example: She is a pretty picture.

simile

you compare two unlike things using "like" or "as" Example: She is as pretty as a picture.