Sophomore Biology Final

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List the 8 parts of the classification system.

1. Domain 2. Kingdom 3. Phylum 4. Class 5. Order 6. Family 7. Genus 8. Species

Each organism has [four] factors that control each of its traits.

2

How many different gametes can a RRYy parent form?

2

The prefix "di" means ___.

2

amphibians have a ___ chambered heart.

3

Mammals have a [two-chambered] heart.

4

Humans have ___ chromosomes.

46

___ are called extremophiles because they can live in extreme environments.

Archaea

___ developed the first widely accepted system of biological classification.

Aristotle.

___ and ___ analyses are powerful tools for reconstructing phylogenies.

DNA, RNA

___ means the organism cannot regulate their own body temperature.

Ectothermic

What do kidneys allow a mammal to do?

Excrete or retain the proper amount of water in body fluids.

Where does development of the embryo take place in most mammals?

Female uterus

A gene affecting neurological function is defective.

Huntington's disease

[Aristotle's] system of classification was the first formal system of taxonomy.

Linnaeus's

The two separate divisions of meiosis are ___ and ___.

Meiosis I and Meiosis II

A monk named ___ carried out the first important studies of heredity.

Mendel

Extra fingers and toes.

Polydactyly

Orangutan

Pongo pygmaeus

Absence of enzyme that breaks down fatty substances; buildup of fatty tissue in the brain; mental disabilities.

Tay-Sachs disease

How are frogs able to survive the winter at the bottom of a frozen pond?

They breathe through their skin.

Scientists classify modern amphibians into three orders. These are:

a. Anura b. Apoda c. Caudata

Four main characteristics of amphibians are:

a. Ectothermic b. live on land and in water c. reproduce in water d. smooth skin

List the 6 kingdoms.

a. Eubacteria b. archaebacteria c. animalia d. plantae e fungi f. protista

List the 3 domains.

a. Eukarya b. Bacteria c. Archaea

List the classification breakdown for humans.

a. Kingdom - Animalia b. Phylum - Chordata c. Class - Mammalia d. Order - Primates e. Family - Hominidae f. Genus - Homo g. species - sapiens

How do you write the genus - species name for an organism.

a. The first letter of the genus name is always capitalized, while the species name is lowercase. b. It should be italicized or underlined.

List the 4 mammalian trophic categories AND give an example of each.

a. carnivores-wolf b. herbivores-cows c. omnivores-humans d. insectivores-shrews

List 4 characteristics of mammals.

a. having hair or fur b. complex neocortex region of the brain c. mammary glands d. developed lungs and diaphragm

List 4 functions of hair.

a. insulation b. waterproof c. camouflage d. defense

List the 3 types of mammals and give an example of each.

a. monotremes-platypus b. marsupials-kangaroos c. eutherian-humans

What features of pea plant flowers made them suitable for Mendel's studies?

a. self-pollination b. reproduced sexually

A gene that affects bone growth is abnormal; short arms and legs; large head.

achondroplasia

Genes do not produce normal amounts of the pigment melanin; no color in the skin, eyes, and hair; susceptible to skin cancer; vision problems.

albinism

Gene that codes for a membrane protein is defective; excess mucus production; digestive and respiratory failure.

cystic fibrosis

An individual who shows the trait being studied is illustrated by a ___ circle or square.

dark-colored

What does DNA stand for?

deoxyribonucleic acid

An individual who DOES NOT express the trait is illustrated by an ___ circle or square.

empty

Another name for warm-blooded is ___.

endothermic

The ___ develop in the mother's uterus, receiving nutrients across the placenta. Give an example.

eutherian, humans

Another name for the placental mammals is ___.

eutherians

In most amphibians, fertilization is ___.

external

What part of an amphibian's body does the nictitating membrane cover?

eyes

Characterized by the absence of the gene that breaks down galactose; mental disabilities; enlarged liver; kidney failure.

galactosemia

Another name for the sex cells is ___.

gametes

In binomial nomenclature, the first part is the ___ name, and the second part identifies the ___ name.

genus, species

An organism that has a (Tt) genotype is said to be [homozygous].

heterozygous

If an organism has a (TT) genotype, it is said to be ___.

homozygous dominant

In mammals, the egg is fertilized [externally].

internally

Amphibians filter wastes from the blood through their ___.

kidneys

A person who studies mammals is called a ___.

mammalogist

The ___ give birth to underdeveloped embryos, which then climb from the birth canal into a pouch on the front of the mother's body, where it feeds and continues to grow. Give an example.

marsupials, kangaroos

Mendel's first experiments were called [dihybrid] crosses.

monohybrids

Mendel used the [guinea pigs] as his study subject.

pea plant flowers

A ___ uses symbols to illustrate the inheritance of a trait.

pedigree

A ___ is an example of an egg-laying mammal.

platypus

What is the example we talked about of a marsupial in Missouri?

possums

As adult frogs, what are the two methods of breathing?

skin, cavities in their mouths

as larvae, most amphibians exchange gases through their [skin] and [lungs].

skin, gills

What does an amphibian sense with its tympanic membrane?

sound

The symbol on a pedigree that represents a male is a ___ and a female is ___.

square, circle

Males are represented by [circles], females are represented by [squares].

squares, circles

Plants that have two alleles for tallness were ___.

tall

A baby with Down's syndrome will have [47] chromosomes.

true

In the first generation (F1), [all] of the offspring took on the appearance of the dominant parent.

true

Mammals are the only animals to have a diaphragm.

true

Those who do not have a dominant genetic disorder are considered to be recessive for the trait.

true

Viruses do not possess cells, nor are they cells, [and are not considered to be living].

true

When a sperm fertilizes a cell, the resulting cell is called a ___.

zygote


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