Sophomore Biology Final
List the 8 parts of the classification system.
1. Domain 2. Kingdom 3. Phylum 4. Class 5. Order 6. Family 7. Genus 8. Species
Each organism has [four] factors that control each of its traits.
2
How many different gametes can a RRYy parent form?
2
The prefix "di" means ___.
2
amphibians have a ___ chambered heart.
3
Mammals have a [two-chambered] heart.
4
Humans have ___ chromosomes.
46
___ are called extremophiles because they can live in extreme environments.
Archaea
___ developed the first widely accepted system of biological classification.
Aristotle.
___ and ___ analyses are powerful tools for reconstructing phylogenies.
DNA, RNA
___ means the organism cannot regulate their own body temperature.
Ectothermic
What do kidneys allow a mammal to do?
Excrete or retain the proper amount of water in body fluids.
Where does development of the embryo take place in most mammals?
Female uterus
A gene affecting neurological function is defective.
Huntington's disease
[Aristotle's] system of classification was the first formal system of taxonomy.
Linnaeus's
The two separate divisions of meiosis are ___ and ___.
Meiosis I and Meiosis II
A monk named ___ carried out the first important studies of heredity.
Mendel
Extra fingers and toes.
Polydactyly
Orangutan
Pongo pygmaeus
Absence of enzyme that breaks down fatty substances; buildup of fatty tissue in the brain; mental disabilities.
Tay-Sachs disease
How are frogs able to survive the winter at the bottom of a frozen pond?
They breathe through their skin.
Scientists classify modern amphibians into three orders. These are:
a. Anura b. Apoda c. Caudata
Four main characteristics of amphibians are:
a. Ectothermic b. live on land and in water c. reproduce in water d. smooth skin
List the 6 kingdoms.
a. Eubacteria b. archaebacteria c. animalia d. plantae e fungi f. protista
List the 3 domains.
a. Eukarya b. Bacteria c. Archaea
List the classification breakdown for humans.
a. Kingdom - Animalia b. Phylum - Chordata c. Class - Mammalia d. Order - Primates e. Family - Hominidae f. Genus - Homo g. species - sapiens
How do you write the genus - species name for an organism.
a. The first letter of the genus name is always capitalized, while the species name is lowercase. b. It should be italicized or underlined.
List the 4 mammalian trophic categories AND give an example of each.
a. carnivores-wolf b. herbivores-cows c. omnivores-humans d. insectivores-shrews
List 4 characteristics of mammals.
a. having hair or fur b. complex neocortex region of the brain c. mammary glands d. developed lungs and diaphragm
List 4 functions of hair.
a. insulation b. waterproof c. camouflage d. defense
List the 3 types of mammals and give an example of each.
a. monotremes-platypus b. marsupials-kangaroos c. eutherian-humans
What features of pea plant flowers made them suitable for Mendel's studies?
a. self-pollination b. reproduced sexually
A gene that affects bone growth is abnormal; short arms and legs; large head.
achondroplasia
Genes do not produce normal amounts of the pigment melanin; no color in the skin, eyes, and hair; susceptible to skin cancer; vision problems.
albinism
Gene that codes for a membrane protein is defective; excess mucus production; digestive and respiratory failure.
cystic fibrosis
An individual who shows the trait being studied is illustrated by a ___ circle or square.
dark-colored
What does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid
An individual who DOES NOT express the trait is illustrated by an ___ circle or square.
empty
Another name for warm-blooded is ___.
endothermic
The ___ develop in the mother's uterus, receiving nutrients across the placenta. Give an example.
eutherian, humans
Another name for the placental mammals is ___.
eutherians
In most amphibians, fertilization is ___.
external
What part of an amphibian's body does the nictitating membrane cover?
eyes
Characterized by the absence of the gene that breaks down galactose; mental disabilities; enlarged liver; kidney failure.
galactosemia
Another name for the sex cells is ___.
gametes
In binomial nomenclature, the first part is the ___ name, and the second part identifies the ___ name.
genus, species
An organism that has a (Tt) genotype is said to be [homozygous].
heterozygous
If an organism has a (TT) genotype, it is said to be ___.
homozygous dominant
In mammals, the egg is fertilized [externally].
internally
Amphibians filter wastes from the blood through their ___.
kidneys
A person who studies mammals is called a ___.
mammalogist
The ___ give birth to underdeveloped embryos, which then climb from the birth canal into a pouch on the front of the mother's body, where it feeds and continues to grow. Give an example.
marsupials, kangaroos
Mendel's first experiments were called [dihybrid] crosses.
monohybrids
Mendel used the [guinea pigs] as his study subject.
pea plant flowers
A ___ uses symbols to illustrate the inheritance of a trait.
pedigree
A ___ is an example of an egg-laying mammal.
platypus
What is the example we talked about of a marsupial in Missouri?
possums
As adult frogs, what are the two methods of breathing?
skin, cavities in their mouths
as larvae, most amphibians exchange gases through their [skin] and [lungs].
skin, gills
What does an amphibian sense with its tympanic membrane?
sound
The symbol on a pedigree that represents a male is a ___ and a female is ___.
square, circle
Males are represented by [circles], females are represented by [squares].
squares, circles
Plants that have two alleles for tallness were ___.
tall
A baby with Down's syndrome will have [47] chromosomes.
true
In the first generation (F1), [all] of the offspring took on the appearance of the dominant parent.
true
Mammals are the only animals to have a diaphragm.
true
Those who do not have a dominant genetic disorder are considered to be recessive for the trait.
true
Viruses do not possess cells, nor are they cells, [and are not considered to be living].
true
When a sperm fertilizes a cell, the resulting cell is called a ___.
zygote