Sound Unit Review
factors affect sound
1. distance(intensity) 2. amplitude(loudness) 3. surface area(increase surface area louder sound)
3 factors affect speed of sound
1. elasticity(more elastic; faster travels) 2. density(more dense; slower travels) 3. temperature(lower; slower travels)
Doppler Effect
1. motion of sound source; motion added to sound wave 2. frequency of sound wave changes
function of middle ear
transmits the waves to inner ear
decibel
used to measure the loudness of a sound
eardrum
vibrations transferred to middle ear
elasticity
ability of a medium to bounce back
intensity
amount of energy a sound wave carries
function of hearing aids
amplify sounds
echolocation and animals
bats-send out pulses of ultrasound waves; reflect back letting animal know distance of object dolphins-sense reflected waves through jawbones
disturbance of sound wave
begins as a vibration; waves carried along with energy through a medium causing particles to vibrate; vibrations are heard
function of outer ear
collect sound waves
2 types of interference
constructive-good sound destructive-bad sound
function of inner ear
converts sound wave vibrations into message which are sent to the brain
loudness
describes what you hear
factors affect pitch
diameter of rubber band; tension and length of rubber band(increase diameter = lower pitch) (increase tension = higher pitch)
interactions of sound waves #2
diffraction-sound waves bend
ear canal
directs sound waves
sound
disturbance that travels through a medium as a longitudinal wave
amplitude
energy of the sound; how loud
infrasound
frequencies below 20 Hz
ultrasound
frequencies beyond 20,000 Hz
H A S
hammer, anvil, stirrup
high/increasing frequency
high pitch
pitch
how high or low sound seems
causes of hearing loss
injury, infections, loud sounds, age
interactions of sound waves #3
interference
low/decreasing frequency
low pitch
M I S
malleus, incus, stapes
density
mass in a given volume
hertz
measurement of the frequency of a sound wave
use of ultrasound technologies
medicine-health of an unborn baby or detect gallstones in the gallbladder
speed of sound in solid medium
molecules closer together; sound travels faster
larynx
muscular organ in the throat that changes the pitch of sound
compression
particles of medium pushed together
rarefraction
particles of medium spread out
echo
reflected sound wave
echolocation
reflected sounds waves determine the distance and or to locate objects
sonar
reflected sounds waves to detect objects under water
sonogram
reflected ultrasound waves to create picture
interactions of sound waves #1
reflection(harder/smoother surface) greater the reflection
cochlea
sends messages to the brain
diffraction
sound waves bend; around corners or through doorways
sonic boom
sound waves build up; once object reaches a speed faster than sound breaks through build up causes boom
