Sound Unit Review

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factors affect sound

1. distance(intensity) 2. amplitude(loudness) 3. surface area(increase surface area louder sound)

3 factors affect speed of sound

1. elasticity(more elastic; faster travels) 2. density(more dense; slower travels) 3. temperature(lower; slower travels)

Doppler Effect

1. motion of sound source; motion added to sound wave 2. frequency of sound wave changes

function of middle ear

transmits the waves to inner ear

decibel

used to measure the loudness of a sound

eardrum

vibrations transferred to middle ear

elasticity

ability of a medium to bounce back

intensity

amount of energy a sound wave carries

function of hearing aids

amplify sounds

echolocation and animals

bats-send out pulses of ultrasound waves; reflect back letting animal know distance of object dolphins-sense reflected waves through jawbones

disturbance of sound wave

begins as a vibration; waves carried along with energy through a medium causing particles to vibrate; vibrations are heard

function of outer ear

collect sound waves

2 types of interference

constructive-good sound destructive-bad sound

function of inner ear

converts sound wave vibrations into message which are sent to the brain

loudness

describes what you hear

factors affect pitch

diameter of rubber band; tension and length of rubber band(increase diameter = lower pitch) (increase tension = higher pitch)

interactions of sound waves #2

diffraction-sound waves bend

ear canal

directs sound waves

sound

disturbance that travels through a medium as a longitudinal wave

amplitude

energy of the sound; how loud

infrasound

frequencies below 20 Hz

ultrasound

frequencies beyond 20,000 Hz

H A S

hammer, anvil, stirrup

high/increasing frequency

high pitch

pitch

how high or low sound seems

causes of hearing loss

injury, infections, loud sounds, age

interactions of sound waves #3

interference

low/decreasing frequency

low pitch

M I S

malleus, incus, stapes

density

mass in a given volume

hertz

measurement of the frequency of a sound wave

use of ultrasound technologies

medicine-health of an unborn baby or detect gallstones in the gallbladder

speed of sound in solid medium

molecules closer together; sound travels faster

larynx

muscular organ in the throat that changes the pitch of sound

compression

particles of medium pushed together

rarefraction

particles of medium spread out

echo

reflected sound wave

echolocation

reflected sounds waves determine the distance and or to locate objects

sonar

reflected sounds waves to detect objects under water

sonogram

reflected ultrasound waves to create picture

interactions of sound waves #1

reflection(harder/smoother surface) greater the reflection

cochlea

sends messages to the brain

diffraction

sound waves bend; around corners or through doorways

sonic boom

sound waves build up; once object reaches a speed faster than sound breaks through build up causes boom


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