Speech 1315 Exam 2

define vocalized pause

a pause that occurs when a speaker fills the silence between words with vocalizations such as "uh," "er," and "um"

copyright information

a statement about the legal rights of others to use an original work, such as a song (lyrics and melody), story, poem, photograph, or image

keywords

a term associated with a topic and used to search for information related to that topic

pitch

a tone's experienced highness or lowness; depends on frequency

A speech title should

be brief. encapsulate the main thrust of your speech. attract the attention of your audience.

A ____________ is a list of the sources used in preparing a speech.

bibliography

define vocal variety

changes in a speaker's rate, pitch, and volume that give the voice variety and expressiveness

Relavance

how closely a webpage's content is related to the keywords used in a internet search

An ____________ speech is delivered with little or no immediate preparation.

impromptu

Symbols

something that represents something else

delivery

the presentation of a speech to an audience

What are the guidelines for presenting visual aids?

Display visual aids where listeners can see them. Avoid passing visual aids among the audience. Display visual aids only while discusssing them. Explain visual aids clearly and concisely. Talk to your audience, not to your visual aid. Practice with your visual aids. Check the room and equipment.

euphemisms

A word used in place of another word that is viewed as more disagreeable or offensive.

Alliteration

The repetition of initial consonant sounds, such as "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers."

In a preparation outline, the most important ideas are placed farthest to the left and the less important ideas are placed progressively farther to the right

True

True/False: "Conversational quality" refers to speech delivery that sounds spontaneous no matter how many times it has been rehearsed.

True

True/False: Research shows that speakers in the United States who fail to establish eye contact may be seen by listeners as insincere or even dishonest.

True

Tone

Use of language to set the mood or atmosphere associated with a speaking situation.

Fair Use

Using someone else's original work in a way that does not infringe on the owner's rights, generally for educational purposes, literary criticism, and news reporting.

Paralleslism

Using the same phrase, wording, or clause multiple times to add emphasis.

define monotone

a constant pitch or tone of a voice

interview guide

a list of all the questions and possible probes an interviewer asks in an interview, as well as notes about how the interviewer will begin and end the interview

Document cameras (visual presenters)

a projection device that uses a video camera to capture and display images.

Hedges

a qualifier, such as probably, that makes a statement ambiguous

traditional whiteboard

a smooth whiteboard that can be written or drawn on with markers

oral citations

a source of information that a speaker mentions, or cites, during a speech

bibliographic information

a source's complete citation, including author, date of publication, title, place of publication, and publisher

A preparation outline should include

a specific purpose statement a central idea connectives

define impromptu speech

a speech delivered with little or no immediate preparation

define manuscript speech

a speech that is written out word for word and read to the audience

manuscript speaking

a type of public speaking in which the speaker reads a written script word for word

extemporaneous speaking

a type of public speaking in which the speaker researches, organizes, rehearses, and delivers a speech in a way that combines structure and spontaneity

define nonverbal communication

communication based on a person's use of voice and body, rather than use of words

When preparing a speaking outline, you should

give yourself cues for delivering the speech

call number

the number assigned to each book or bound publication in a library to identify that book in the library's classification system

define rate

the speed at which a person speaks

rate

the speed at which a person speaks

define kinesics

the study of body motions as a systematic mode of communication

Changes in a speaker's rate, pitch, volume, and pauses are referred to as

vocal variety.

webidence

web sources displayed as evidence during a speech, found by using real-time web access or web-page capture software

Gender fair language

words that are not associated with or do not privilege either sex

hate speech

words that attack groups such as racial, ethnic, religious, and sexual minorities

inclusive language

words that don't privilege one group over another

What are the major functions of a speech conclusion? (2)

1) To let the audience know you are ending the speech. 2) To reinforce the audience's understanding of, or commitment to, the central idea

What are the EIGHT aspects of voice usage you should concentrate on in your speeches?

1) Volume. 2) Pitch. 3) Rate. 4) Pauses. 5) Vocal Variety. 6) Pronunciation. 7) Articulation. 8) Dialect.

What are four guidelines for your speaking outline?

1) follow the visual framework used in the preparation outline 2) make sure the outline is legible 3) keep the outline as brief as possible 4) give yourself cues for delivering the speech

True/False: Good delivery does not call attention to itself.

True: Feedback: Good delivery communicates the speaker's ideas without calling attention to itself or otherwise distracting the audience.

define eye contact

direct visual contact with the eyes of another person

One of the advantages of using the extemporaneous method of delivery is that it

encourages conversational quality.

A(n) ____________ speech is a carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes.

extemporaneous

Violating the accepted standard of sound and rhythm for words in a given language is an error in ____________.

pronunciation

A ____________ outline is a brief outline used to jog a speaker's memory during the presentation of a speech.

speaking

define pronunciation

the accepted standard of sound and rhythm for words in a given language

define volume

the loudness or softness of the speaker's voice

define articulation

the physical production of particular speech sounds

Metaphors

A language device that demonstrates the commonalities between two dissimilar things.

vocalized pauses

Ah," "um," "you know," and other verbal fillers that speakers use when they're trying to think of what they want to say.

denotative meaning

An agreed-upon definition of a word found in a dictionary.

____________ is a variety of a language distinguished by variations of accent, grammar, or vocabulary.

Dialect

What are the elements of good speech delivery? (5)

Directness, spontaneity, animation, vocal and facial expressiveness, and a lively sense of communication

Why is nonverbal communication important to effective public speaking?

It influences the impact of a speaker's words

____________ is the lowness or highness of the speaker's voice.

Pitch

Jargon

Technical language used by members of a profession or associated with a specific topic.

The pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline shows the ____________ of the speech.

visual framework

metasearch engine

A search tool that compiles the results from other search engines.

What is a preview statement?

A statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body

Copyright

A type of intellectual property law that protects an author's original work (such as a play, book, song, or movie) from being used by others.

connotative meaning

A unique meaning for a word based on an individual's own experiences.

monotone

A way of speaking in which the speaker does not alter his or her pitch.

What can you do to make sure your ideas don't pass over the heads of your listeners?

Be sure to explain everything thoroughly. As you work on your speech, always consider whether it will be clear to someone who is hearing about the topic for the first time

What is nonverbal communication?

Communication based on a person's use of voice and body, rather than on the use of words

What factors should you consider when planning to use PowerPoint in a speech?

Deciding where you can use PowerPoint to your greatest advantage. Rather than putting everything you say on screen, choose which aspects of your speech to illustrate

In a preparation outline, main points are identified by capital letters.

False

In a preparation outline, you should state your main points in brief phrases.

False

When selecting a title for your speech, you should avoid phrasing it as a question.

False

True/False: The primary rule of using gestures in a speech is to gesture frequently and emphatically so listeners notice what you are doing.

False: Feedback: The primary rule is that whatever gestures you make should not draw attention to themselves or distract from your message.

True/False: The best rate for effective public speaking is 110 words per minute.

False: Feedback: There is no uniform rate for effective public speaking.

____________ are changes in the pitch or tone of a speaker's voice.

Inflections

What are the major advantages of using visual aids in your speeches?

People find a speaker's messge more interesting, grasp it more easily, and retain it longer when it is prepared visually as well as verbally.

What are the guidelines for preparing visual aids?

Prepare visual aids well in advance. Keep visual aids simple. Make sure visual aids are large(visible) enough. Use a limited amount of text. Use fonts effectively. Use Color effectively. Use images strategically.

plagiarism

Presenting someone else's ideas and work, such as speeches, papers, and images, as your own.

Why is it imporant for informative speaker to be creative in thinking about ways to communicate their ideas?

So that the speaker can use language and visual aids imaginatively and resourcefully to get the message to the audience

Why must informative speakers be careful not to overestimate what the audience knows about the topic?

So you avoid going over the audiences head and confusing them

Why should you nearly always include a preview statement in the introduction of your speech?

So you don't leave your audience guessing what the topic of your speech is

Dialect

The vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation used by a specific group of people, such as an ethnic or regional group.

Even though a speaking outline should be kept as brief as possible, you should usually write out quotations in full.

True

A preparation outline should include

a bibliography

define extemporaneous speech

a carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes

Simile

a language device that compares two things that are generally dissimilar but share some common properties, expressed using like or as.

flip chart

a large pad of paper that rests on an easel, allowing a speaker to record text or drawings with markers during a speech

cliches

an expression so overused it fails to have any important meaning

invitation to imagine

asking listeners to create a scene or situation in their minds

In a speaking outline, words such as "pause," "faster here," and "slow down" are ____________ that help a speaker remember how she or he wants to present key parts of the speech.

delivery cues

Antithesis

juxtaposition of two apparently contradictory phrases that are organized in a parallel structure.

tag questions

questions added to the end of a declarative statement that can hurt the speaker's credibility

define pitch

the highness or lowness of the speaker's voice

Volume

the loudness or softness of the speaker's voice

interactive whiteboard

Also called smart board, a device that can maximize active student involvement in learning; can be very useful in certain situations.

Idioms

An expression that has a meaning apart from the meanings of its individual words

speaking outline

An outline that distills a complete-sentence outline, listing only the words and phrases that will guide the speaker through the main parts of the speech and the transitions between them.

vocal variety

Changes in the volume, rate, and pitch of a speaker's voice that affect the meaning of the words delivered.

slang

Informal, nonstandard language, often used within a particular group.

define inflections

changes in the pitch or tone of a speaker's voice

real-time web access

employing a live internet feed as a visual media or information resource during a public speech

presentation media

technical and material resources ranging from presentation software and real-time web access (RWA) to flip charts and handouts that speakers use to highlight, clarify, and complement the information they present orally

What are six tips recommended by your textbook for managing a question-and-answer session?

-Clarify the format of the question-and-answer session. -Approach questions with a positive attitude. -Listen carefully to the questions you are asked. -Direct answers to the entire audience. -Be honest and straightforward in your answers. -Keep the question-and-answer session on track.

What are the two major steps in preparing for a question-and-answer session?

-formulating answers to possible questions. -practicing the delivery of your answers.

What should you conectrate when responding to questions during the session? (5)

1) Approach questions with a positive attitude. 2) Listen carefully. 3) Direct answers to the entire audience. 4) Be honest and straightforward. 5) Stay on track

What are TWO ways you can signal the end or your speech?

1) Crescendo Ending. 2) Dissolve Ending

What are THREE methods you can use to avoid abstractions in your informative speech?

1) Description. 2) Comparison. 3) Contrast.

What steps should you take when preparing for a question-and-answer session? (2 steps)

1) Formulate answers to possible questions. 2) Practice the delivery of your answers

What are the FOUR objectives of a speech introduction?

1) Get the attention and interest of your audience. 2) Reveal the topic of your speech. 3) Establish your credibility and goodwill. 4) Preview the body of the speech

What are the FIVE steps you should follow when practicing you speech delivery?

1) Go through your preparation outline aloud to check how what you have written translates into spoken discourse. 2) Prepare your speaking outline. 3) Practice the speech aloud several times using only the speaking outline. 4) Now begin to polish and refine your delivery. 5) Finally, give your speech a dress rehearsal under conditions as close as possible to those you will face

What are FOUR tips for your conclusion?

1) Keep an eye out for possible concluding materials as you research and develop the speech. 2) Conclude with a bang, not a whimper. 3) Don't be long winded. 4) Don't leave anything in your conclusion to chance

What are SIX tips for your introduction?

1) Keep the introduction relatively brief. 2) Be on the lookout for possible introductory materials as you do your research. 3) Be creative in devising your introduction. 4) Don't worry about the exact wording of your introduction until you have finished preparing the body of the speech. 5) Work out your introduction in detail. 6) When you present the speech, don't start talking so soon.

What TWO things should you watch out for in making sure your speech is not overly technical?

1) Material that is too technical for the ordinary person. 2) Language/terms that are too technical for the ordinary person

What are the FOUR methods of speech delivery?

1) Reading from a manuscript. 2) Reciting from memory. 3) Speaking impromptu. 4) Speaking Extemporaneously

What are the SEVEN methods you can use in the introduction to get the attention and interest of your audience?

1) Relate the Topic to the Audience. 2) State the Importance of Your Topic. 3) Startle the Audience. 4) Arouse the Curiosity of the Audience. 5) Question the Audience. 6) Begin with a Quotation. 7) Tell a Story

What are the FOUR types of informative speeches?

1) Speeches about objects. 2) Speeches about processes. 3) Speeches about events. 4) Speeches about concepts

What are FOUR ways to reinforce the central idea when concluding your speech?

1) Summarize your Speech. 2) End with a Quotation. 3) Make a Dramatic Statement. 4) Refer to the Introduction

What are the eight guidelines discussed in this chapter for writing a preparation outline?

1) state the specific purpose of your speech 2) identify the central idea 3) label the intro, body, and conclusion 4) use a consistent pattern of symbolization and intro 5) state main points and subpoints in full sentences 6) label transitions, internal summaries, and internal previews 7) attach a bibliography 8) give your speech a title, if one is desired

search engine

A sophisticated software program that hunts through documents to find those associated with particular keywords.

When you end your speech, you should (3 answers)

A) maintain eye contact for a few moments after you stop talking. B) collect your notes and any visual aids you may have used. C) maintain a cool, collected demeanor as you return to your seat.

primary source

An original document containing the observations, ideas, and conclusions of an individual. It is a firsthand account presented by someone present or actively participating in the event. Examples include manuscripts, photographs, oral histories, and personal journals.

When practicing your speech delivery, you should do all the following except A) record the speech to see how you sound. B) include delivery cues on your speaking outline. C) try to learn your speech word for word. D) practice in front of friends or family.

C) try to learn your speech word for word.

In which of the following situations will the personal appearance of the speaker have an impact on the audience's perception of the speaker? A) a police officer presenting an educational talk B) a concerned citizen being interviewed on the news C) a lawyer addressing a jury D) all of the above

D) all of the above

_______________ is based on a person's use of voice and body, rather than on the use of words.

Nonverbal communication

What kinds of visual aids might you use in a speech?

Objects and Models. Photographs and drawings. Graphs. Charts. Video. The Speaker (Your body). PowerPoint.

Why is it important to establish your credibility at the beginning of your speech?

So that your audience perceives you as qualified to speak on the subject

What should you do as an informative speaker to relate your topic directly to the audience?

Tie the topic of your speech with the audiences interests and concerns.

What does it mean to say that informative speakers should personalize their ideas?

To present one's ideas in human terms that relate in some fashion to the experience of the audience

In a preparation outline, main points and subpoints should be written as full sentences.

True

define pause

a momentary break in the vocal delivery of a speech

define dialect

a variety of language distinguished by variations of accent, grammar, or vocabulary

web directories

an online list that organizes web pages and websites hierarchically by category; also called a search index

Sloppy ____________ is the failure to form particular speech sounds crisply and distinctly.

articulation

Why is it important to outline your speeches?

it means putting your speech together- intro, body, and conclusion

As your textbook explains, upon reaching the lectern to start a speech, you should

make eye contact with your listeners.

When accuracy is essential and a speech must be delivered word for word, ____________ delivery is most appropriate.

manuscript

Speakers who lack vocal variety are said to speak in a ___________.

monotone

define gestures

motions of a speaker's hands or arms during a speech

secondary source

others' interpretations or adaptations of a primary source

As Mark Twain noted, "The right word may be effective, but no word was ever as effective as a rightly timed ____________."

pause

A ____________ outline is a detailed outline developed during the process of speech preparation

preparation

define conversational quality

presenting a speech so it sounds spontaneous no matter how many times it has been rehearsed