Speech Chapter 3

While listening to the senator's speech, Jackie pays particular attention to how the senator is using his hands and arms. She is using:

d. discriminative listening

All of the following are techniques that can be used to improve understanding and memory EXCEPT:

e. identify the benefits of attending to the speaker's words

Note taking is not a good technique to use during a public speech.

F

Someone who is good at hearing is definitely good at listening.

F

The goal of appreciative listening is to understand and remember what has been said

F

Attending technique

Get physically ready to listen, resist mental distractions, hear the speaker out, find personal relevance

Understanding technique

Identify the goal and main points, ask questions, paraphrase silently, observe nonverbal cues

Constructive critique statements follow four guidelines:

Specific, begin with what was effective, explain how and why the behavior affected the speech, phrase statements as personal perceptions

Most executives in North America believe that listening is important for the corporate environment.

T

One way to be an effective listener is to resist mental distractions.

T

mnemonic device

a memory technique in which you associate a special word or very short statement with new and longer information

question

a statement designed to clarify information or get additional details

According to research data, about _________ percent of people have had formal training in listening.

a. 2

The process of paying attention to what the speaker is saying, regardless of interferences, is called:

a. attending

Understanding

accurately interpreting a message

constructive critique

an evaluative response that identifies what was effective and what could be improved in a message

Inferences

assertions based on the facts presented

Content-oriented listeners

listeners who focus on and evaluate the facts and evidence

People-oriented listeners

listeners who focus on the feelings their conversational partners may have about what they are saying

Action-oriented listeners

listeners who focus on the ultimate point the speaker is trying to make

time-oriented listeners

listeners who prefer brief and hurried conversations and often use nonverbal and verbal cues to signal that their partner needs to be more concise

To become effective listeners in any situation, we first need to overcome four key challenges:

listening apprehension, our biases, our preferred listening style, and our approach to processing what we hear.

primacy-recency effect

only remembering what is said at the beginning and end of a message

Listening style

our favored and usually unconscious approach to listening

Responding technique

provide feedback

Responding

providing feedback to the speaker; can be verbal or nonverbal

paraphrasing

putting a message into your own words

Remembering technique

repeat the information, use mnemonic devices, take notes

Evaluating technique

separate facts from inferences

facts

statements whose accuracy can be verified as true

Listening apprehension

the anxiety we feel about listening

active listening

the deliberate and conscious process of attending to, understanding, remembering, evaluating, and responding to messages

Passive listening

the habitual and unconscious process of receiving messages

Hearing

the physiological process that occurs when the brain detects sound waves

Attending

the process of intentionally perceiving and focusing on a message

Listening

the process of receiving, attending to, constructing meaning from, and responding to spoken or nonverbal messages

comprehensive listening

when our goal is to understand, remember, and recall information

discriminative listening

when we listen to infer what more a speaker might mean beyond the actual words being spoken

appreciative listening

when we listen to music for enjoyment and to speakers because we like their style

emphatic listening

when we listen to provide emotional support

critical listening

when we want to really understand and critically evaluate the worth of a message; requires more psychological processing than other types of listening

During a public lecture on French history, Edward is listening with the goal of evaluating how accurate the lecture is. He is using:

b. critical listening

Constructive critiques consist of statements about:

content, structure, and delivery

Evaluating

critically analyzing a message to determine its truthfulness, utility, and trustworthiness

Effective active listening is a complex psychological process made up of five steps:

Attending, evaluating, remembering, responding, understanding