Speech Chapter 3
While listening to the senator's speech, Jackie pays particular attention to how the senator is using his hands and arms. She is using:
d. discriminative listening
All of the following are techniques that can be used to improve understanding and memory EXCEPT:
e. identify the benefits of attending to the speaker's words
Note taking is not a good technique to use during a public speech.
F
Someone who is good at hearing is definitely good at listening.
F
The goal of appreciative listening is to understand and remember what has been said
F
Attending technique
Get physically ready to listen, resist mental distractions, hear the speaker out, find personal relevance
Understanding technique
Identify the goal and main points, ask questions, paraphrase silently, observe nonverbal cues
Constructive critique statements follow four guidelines:
Specific, begin with what was effective, explain how and why the behavior affected the speech, phrase statements as personal perceptions
Most executives in North America believe that listening is important for the corporate environment.
T
One way to be an effective listener is to resist mental distractions.
T
mnemonic device
a memory technique in which you associate a special word or very short statement with new and longer information
question
a statement designed to clarify information or get additional details
According to research data, about _________ percent of people have had formal training in listening.
a. 2
The process of paying attention to what the speaker is saying, regardless of interferences, is called:
a. attending
Understanding
accurately interpreting a message
constructive critique
an evaluative response that identifies what was effective and what could be improved in a message
Inferences
assertions based on the facts presented
Content-oriented listeners
listeners who focus on and evaluate the facts and evidence
People-oriented listeners
listeners who focus on the feelings their conversational partners may have about what they are saying
Action-oriented listeners
listeners who focus on the ultimate point the speaker is trying to make
time-oriented listeners
listeners who prefer brief and hurried conversations and often use nonverbal and verbal cues to signal that their partner needs to be more concise
To become effective listeners in any situation, we first need to overcome four key challenges:
listening apprehension, our biases, our preferred listening style, and our approach to processing what we hear.
primacy-recency effect
only remembering what is said at the beginning and end of a message
Listening style
our favored and usually unconscious approach to listening
Responding technique
provide feedback
Responding
providing feedback to the speaker; can be verbal or nonverbal
paraphrasing
putting a message into your own words
Remembering technique
repeat the information, use mnemonic devices, take notes
Evaluating technique
separate facts from inferences
facts
statements whose accuracy can be verified as true
Listening apprehension
the anxiety we feel about listening
active listening
the deliberate and conscious process of attending to, understanding, remembering, evaluating, and responding to messages
Passive listening
the habitual and unconscious process of receiving messages
Hearing
the physiological process that occurs when the brain detects sound waves
Attending
the process of intentionally perceiving and focusing on a message
Listening
the process of receiving, attending to, constructing meaning from, and responding to spoken or nonverbal messages
comprehensive listening
when our goal is to understand, remember, and recall information
discriminative listening
when we listen to infer what more a speaker might mean beyond the actual words being spoken
appreciative listening
when we listen to music for enjoyment and to speakers because we like their style
emphatic listening
when we listen to provide emotional support
critical listening
when we want to really understand and critically evaluate the worth of a message; requires more psychological processing than other types of listening
During a public lecture on French history, Edward is listening with the goal of evaluating how accurate the lecture is. He is using:
b. critical listening
Constructive critiques consist of statements about:
content, structure, and delivery
Evaluating
critically analyzing a message to determine its truthfulness, utility, and trustworthiness
Effective active listening is a complex psychological process made up of five steps:
Attending, evaluating, remembering, responding, understanding
