Speech Communications Final

Which of the following would be considered a demographic characteristic?

group membership

If one claims membership in a social category, such as LGBTQ, that is part of an encompassing group, he or she is part of a(n) __________.

coculture

A parent who threatens his or her child with a spanking to get him to clean his room would be an example of ____________.

coercion

Individuals who gain identity from their interdependence with other group members likely live in __________.

collective cultures

Cultures that place great value on family, duty, order, and hierarchy are considered ____________.

collectivistic

____________ refers to the speaker's expertise on a topic.

competence

Using acronyms online such as ILYSM or OOMP demonstrates ____________.

convergence

Communicators who want to set themselves apart from others adopt the strategy of ____________.

divergence

____________ evidence is supporting material that evokes fear, anger, pride, sympathy, or reverence in the audience.

emotional

Which is the strongest confirming response?

endorsement

You have sensitive information that you want to remain private. The safest medium for transmitting this information would be ____________.

telephone

____________ govern how words sound when pronounced.

Phonological rules

purpose statement should ____________.

be results-oriented

Low context cultures typically value which type of communication most?

direct communication

Which of the following statements is most likely to contribute to a positive communication climate?

"I feel rejected when you show up late."

Which of the following statements would researchers classify as being the most powerfully expressed?

"I have a question."

You have gone to Japan to meet with another manager to discuss potential directions for the company. The other manager is Japanese and is slightly higher than you on the company ladder. During this meeting, the other manager makes a suggestion that you do not agree with. How should you respond?

"That's an interesting idea, but I think something else might work better."

Personal distance is described in this chapter as the space ____________ away from another person.

18 inches to 4 feet

Most people will accurately identify lying what percentage of the time?

50 percent

After a recruiter gives a presentation in your business class on opportunities in the military, you ask a question. What form of confirming response is this?

Acknowledgment

Which of the following professions would most frequently use memorization as a delivery style?

Actor

____________ is the ancient philosopher who created specific rhetorical criteria for public speaking that are still used today.

Aristotle

Which of the following is true about how women and men use language?

Both men and women talk frequently about work, movies, and television.

____________ is the audience's perception of two factors: enthusiasm and likeability.

Charisma

Which of the following is considered an appearance factor?

Clothing

____________ refers to the emotional tone of a relationship.

Communication climate

Carlos usually spends a lot of time surfing. He values the time he has in the ocean alone with his thoughts and the waves. It's something he really feels like he needs. He recently met a very exciting woman named Amy. He is thrilled by the time they spend together, but he feels surfing, a significant part of his identity, is now being neglected. What type of tension is he most likely feeling?

Connection vs. Autonomy

____________ refers to the believability of a speaker.

Credibility

____________ responses are messages that deny the value of others.

Disconfirming

____________ language contains words that sound as if they are describing something when they are really announcing the speaker's attitude toward something.

Emotive

____________ conflict spirals are the most visible way that disconfirming messages reinforce one another.

Escalatory

Which of the statements below best encapsulates self-fulfilling prophecy?

Expecting a positive outcome causes you to engage in actions, behavior, or thoughts that influence a positive outcome.

Which of the following is true about gendered communication in the area of romance?

Gender roles become more moderate as partners get to know each other better.

Which of the following best describes a characteristic of effective self-disclosure?

In most cases it is not a good idea to disclose your deepest secrets to new contacts.

Which of the following best reflects the relationship between salience and intercultural communication?

Individuals must see themselves as different for intercultural communication to take place.

Which of the following best demonstrates the begging-the-question fallacy?

It's really unfortunate that young people don't exercise their right to vote.

Sheila and Jacob don't like each other very much. From the very beginning, Jacob has resented Sheila for stealing his best friend away from him. At the same time, while Sheila didn't have a problem with Jacob initially, she now ignores him every time they all hang out together. Neither party has done anything overtly offensive toward one another. If that's the case, then which of the following best explains how the animosity between Sheila and Jacob began?

Jacob's resentment manifested itself in negative behavior toward Sheila. This triggered Sheila to behave negatively toward Jacob.

Laura is talking to her grandma on the phone. She says loudly and slowly in a sing-song voice: "Oh, Grammie, you're so cute. Now, make sure to take out the doggie later. You don't want him to have a poopy on the floor. He'll have to go to the bathroom. Remember, take him out." Which of the following best explains why

Laura assumes Grandma has trouble communicating because of her age.

According to researchers, which of the following practices is most likely to help you detect when a person is lying?

Listening actively and suspiciously to the person

Which cultural group is mentioned in this chapter as an example of monochronic use of time?

North American

Which of the following conclusions may be suggested by media depictions of older people?

Older people lack enjoyment in their lives

Which of the following is an unethical practice in persuasive speaking?

Persuading someone for your own benefit

____________ is the process of motivating someone, through communication, to change a particular belief, attitude, or behavior.

Persuasion

Melania asks a woman who is actually just overweight when the baby is due. What language rule did Melania break?

Pragmatic rules

Which one of the following word types gains its meaning by comparison?

Relative

____________ is the process of deliberately revealing information about oneself that is significant and that would not normally be known by others.

Self-disclosure

The significance we attribute to various personal traits depends greatly on which of the following?

Social environment

Which of the following is an accurate statement about culture?

Sometimes greater differences exist within cultures than between cultures.

Jay is running late for an important business meeting. As he is boarding a bus to go to work, a man holding a clipboard runs up to him and says, "Wait! Would you like to sign my petition?" Jay frowns angrily at the man and boards the bus without saying a word. Which function of nonverbal communication is Jay using?

Substituting

__________ means you feel compassion for another person, while __________ means you have a personal sense of what it feels like to be in that person's shoes.

Sympathy; empathy

Which is the most true of love languages?

The best way to express a love language to a partner is in the love language he or she prefers.

Which of the following statements fits the description of a thesis statement as defined in the text?

The life of the typical college student is characterized by time spent studying, attending class, and socializing with peers.

Which of the following statements would best be described as an "attack on the person" or ad hominem fallacy?

The president has blonde hair, and people with blonde hair cannot be trusted.

Forming a thumb and forefinger in a circle with the other three fingers spread out means ____________ in France.

This is worthless

Why do we manage our identities?

To satisfy social rules and meet our personal goals

You are looking for signs as to whether a culture is low context. Which of the following would be an obvious indicator of that fact?

Use of the word, "no"

Which of the following would best be described as the bandwagon appeal ( argumentum ad populum) fallacy?

Using the fact that many people agree with you to validate an argument

Li works for a nonprofit agency that works to create awareness about veteran's issues. Her supervisor wants her to design a brochure about veterans with amputations and who have diminished use of their limbs. Her supervisor has specifically asked that Li use appropriate language when referring to veterans in this category. Which of the following terms should Li utilize?

Veterans with disabilities

Which of the following statements about communication competence is true?

We learn communication competence from our successes and failures.

While you were in Greece for a study-abroad experience, you kept a blog to share your adventures with friends back home The capacity of everyday citizens to upload content in this way is best described as ____________.

Web 2.0

Which of the following options would be the easiest to express through nonverbal communication?

You are attracted to a person who just walked by.

Which of the following delivery aspects would likely have the greatest impact on your facial expressions?

Your level of involvement and enthusiasm

In Western cultures, women are typically expected to be ____________, and men are expected to be ____________.

accommodating; competitive

Brent slurred his words while giving his speech. Which of the following delivery aspects was Brent having difficulty with?

articulation

Attribution refers to __________.

attaching meaning to behavior

Juan comes from an uncertainty-avoiding culture. As a result, he may have difficulty __________.

being away from home for long periods of time

Due to their ____________, during disagreements males tend to experience greater physical arousal than women in the form of increased heart rate and blood pressure.

biology

Dictionary definitions offer ____________ meanings, while implied interpretations that reflect the people, culture, emotions, and situations involved provide ____________ meanings.

denotative, connotative

Facilitative communication apprehension is __________.

desirable

Communicators seek important but inherently incompatible goals throughout virtually all of their relationships. The conflicts that arise when two opposing or incompatible forces exist simultaneously are called ____________.

dialectical tensions.

The lack of face-to-face contact in online communication often causes ____________, which may make it easy to respond aggressively without considering the consequences.

disinhibition

Research indicates that the notion that men and women communicate in dramatically different ways is ____________.

exaggerated

Listeners are required to determine the truth when there is a proposition of ____________.

fact

In an online class, you don't know when you get a question correct until the end of a quiz, when a final score appears. During your favorite video game, each time you reach a new level, the screen bursts into color and music plays. These experiences differ in terms of ____________.

feedback

Using the term firefighter rather than fireman is an example of ____________ language.

gender-neutral

So fundamental are ____________ to communication that people blind since birth use them.

gestures

The study of touch is called

haptics

Mario recently came to the United States through a study abroad program and currently works in the financial aid office at his college. The other day his supervisor asked him for his opinion about the office filing system. Mario felt very uncomfortable with this question and responded by saying, "Whatever way you want it, that's fine by me." It is likely that Mario comes from a __________.

high power distance culture

A speaker's character is determined by the audience's perception of two qualities: ____________ and ____________.

honesty; impartiality

When you use communication strategies to influence others' perceptions of you, you are engaging in __________.

identity management

A conclusion based on an interpretation of evidence is called a(n) ____________.

inference

Eighty percent of cyberbullies admit that their only reason for bullying is because this activity ____________.

is funny

Luis' speech is about methods of stress reduction. He's a little nervous. So, right before giving his speech, Luis says to himself, "I'm glad I have a chance to educate my audience about stress reduction. I am really knowledgeable about this topic, and I hope my audience will use these methods to reduce their own stress." Luis is trying to manage his communication apprehension by ____________.

keeping a positive attitude

Young adults (male and female) who frequently comment on peers' Facebook images are more likely than others to feel __________.

less satisfied with their appearance

Compared to verbal communication, nonverbal communication has ____________.

more ambiguity

Eddy agrees with something his friend Ronald just said about basketball. To nonverbally communicate his agreement through the function of substituting, Eddy should ____________.

nod his head

Nonverbal communication involves messages expressed through ____________ means.

nonlinguistic

In the study of communication, narratives __________.

offer a framework for explaining behavior and shaping future communication

Competent intercultural interaction will be difficult if the communicator is not __________.

open-minded

The process of arranging information from the environment in a meaningful way is called __________.

organization

Noticing the behaviors of members of another culture for the purpose of acquiring culture-specific information is known as ____________.

passive observation

Which of the following methods will help you interpret the behavior of others more accurately?

perception checking

Three important characteristics that affect conflict in online communication are delay, disinhibition, and ____________.

permanence

Sandy really likes talking to Belinda. Every time she speaks with her, Sandy feels calmer and less anxious. Sandy is using her interactions with Belinda to fulfill her __________.

physical needs

Cultures that allow for flexible schedules in which multiple tasks are pursued at the same time are said to be __________.

polychronic

The first panelist speaks so slowly that the audience's attention begins to wander. The second panelist speaks so quickly that people can't understand all of her points. The issue with both speakers is one of ____________.

rate

"My opponent says that she will not raise taxes, but what about her position on gay marriage?" This question is an example of which fallacy?

red herring

A fallacy that unfairly attacks an argument by extending it to ridiculous lengths is ____________.

reductio ad absurdum

Fast or slow, small or large, smart or stupid, and short or long are examples of words of what type?

relative

Math is your weakest subject. On the first day of college algebra, you tell the student next to you, "I bet I'll get a D in this course." At the end of the semester you get a D. This result could be an example of __________.

self-fulfilling prophecy

James is great at talking to his peers but is not so skillful when communicating with authority figures. This illustrates how communication competence is ____________.

situational

Terms such as sick and tight may be interpreted by members of your in-group as compliments, but other people are likely to see them as insults. This is because ____________ differ(s) from group to group.

slang

Most scholars agree that __________ factors more heavily influence how men and women behave than ____________ factors.

social; biological

If you were to say that all older people have trouble hearing, you'd be engaging in __________.

stereotyping

While preparing a speech about sushi, you wonder how many of your audience members eat sushi regularly. The best way to find out such information is to ____________.

survey the audience members in advance

Culture can be best understood as __________.

the language, values, beliefs, and traditions shared and learned by a group of people

__________ individuals in the United States are almost twice as likely to be the victims of physical violence.

transgender

A salesperson lying about the effectiveness of his product would be an example of which of the following?

unethical persuasion

One strategy for managing debilitative communication apprehension is to ____________.

use nervousness to your advantage

Deeply rooted beliefs about a concept's inherent worth or worthiness are known as __________.

values