history geography
Great Leap Forward
A big advancement when australia and new guinea became one continent and colonization
globe
The most accurate map of the Earth, duplicating its spherical shape and relative size
equator
Zero degrees latitude. The Sun is directly overhead the equator at noon on the two equinoxes (March and Sept. 20 or 21). The equator divides the globe into the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The equator appears halfway between the North and South poles, at the widest circumference of the globe. It is 24,901.55 miles (40,075.16 km) long.
prime meridian
Zero degrees longitude (0°). The prime meridian runs through the Royal Greenwich Observatory in Greenwich, England (the location was established in 1884 by international agreement). The prime meridian divides the globe into the Western and Eastern hemispheres. The Earth's time zones are measured from the prime meridian. The time at 0° is called Universal Time (UT) or Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). With the Greenwich meridian as the starting point, each 15° east and west marks a new time zone. The 24 time zones extend east and west around the globe for 180° to the International Date Line. When it is noon along the prime meridian, it is midnight along the International Date Line.
North America
a continent (the third largest) in the western hemisphere connected to South America by the Isthmus of Panama running north and south
South America
a continent in the western hemisphere connected to North America by the Isthmus of Panama
Isolation
a country's withdrawal from internal politics
Archipelago
a group of islands
Smallpox
a highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever and weakness and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs that slough off leaving scars
Subsistence
a means of surviving ( basic needs)
Native
a place of origin
Artifact
a remaining piece from an extinct culture or place
Chain of Causation
a series of events, each of which was caused by the immediately previous event.
Cortes
a spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of an aztec empire and bought large portions of mainland in Mexico
Diffusion
a spread of ideas
Sedentary
a state where your being a couch potato
Epidemic
a widespread outbreak of an infectious disease
Self-Sufficient
able to provide there own needs
Complex
advanced society with technology and have surpassed other societies have basic needs and much more so they can focus on advancing
Natural Experiment
an experiment showing how environments effect human societies
11,000 BC
beginnings of the village life in a few parts of the world, the end of the last ice age, and the undisputed peopling of America
Infectious disease
diseases that are very contagious and easy spread
6 environmental factors determine complexity of a society
geological type,isolation,island climate, terrain fragmentation, marine resources, Area TAG MII
Mountains
high, steep, rugged land that rises above the surrounding land
Population density
how large or small a population is
Volcanic Island
islands that differ in climate based on elevation
Hawaii
it became a political entity encompassing several populous islands but one confined to a single archipelago because of its extreme isolation
Pizarro
leader of spaniards
Horses
military advantages and transportation
Continental axis
north to south vs east to west
Indigenous
originating where it is found
Literate tradition
pass down customs and traditions to each generation
Environment
refers to all of the surroundings and the conditions that affect living things, such as water, soil, and air.
Neanderthals
skeletons found that represent people of Europe and Western Asia. People who had slightly bigger brains then ours and also were the first to bury dead
Hunter Gatherer societies
societies who hunt and gather and who can only focus on the basic needs not advanced
Simple
societies who only focus on the basic needs
Clovis sites
some of the oldest sites possessing human remains
Variable
something that changes
Ultimate Factors
the big things(big picture)
hemisphere
A hemisphere is half the Earth's surface. The four hemispheres are the Northern and Southern hemispheres, divided by the equator (0° latitude), and the Eastern and Western hemispheres, divided by the prime meridian (0° longitude) and the International Date Line (180°).
Tropic of Cancer
A line of latitude located at 23°30' north of the equator. The Sun is directly overhead the Tropic of Cancer on the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere (June 20 or 21). It marks the northernmost point of the tropics, which falls between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.
Tropic of Capricorn
A line of latitude located at 23°30' south. The Sun is directly overhead the Tropic of Capricorn on the summer solstice in the Southern Hemisphere (Dec. 20 or 21). It marks the southernmost point of the tropics.
Arctic Circle
A line of latitude located at 66°30' north, delineating the Northern Frigid Zone of the Earth.
Antarctic Circle
A line of latitude located at 66°30' south, delineating the Southern Frigid Zone of the Earth.
Settled Farming Societies
An advanced civilization that is settled in one place and has homes, farming ect.
Fertile Crescent
An area of land in the middle east that was geographically lucky because the climate allowed certain crops to grow like wheat and there were animals that were able to be domesticated there
Pigs
The first and only domesticated animal in New Guinea
latitude lines
Imaginary lines running horizontally around the globe. Also called parallels, latitude lines are equidistant from each other. Each degree of latitude is about 69 miles (110 km) apart. Zero degrees (0°) latitude is the equator, the widest circumference of the globe. Latitude is measured from 0° to 90° north and 0° to 90° south—90° north is the North Pole and 90° south is the South Pole.
longitude lines
Imaginary lines, also called meridians, running vertically around the globe. Unlike latitude lines, longitude lines are not parallel. Meridians meet at the poles and are widest apart at the equator. Zero degrees longitude (0°) is called the prime meridian. The degrees of longitude run 180° east and 180° west from the prime meridian.
Maori
Lived in Chatham Islands defeated the moriori
Moriori
Lived in Chatham Islands where their independence ended through invasion of Maori and were killed or made into slaves; small isolated hunter gatherer population
International Date Line
Located at 180° longitude (180° E and 180° W are the same meridian). Regions to the east of the International Date Line are counted as being one calendar day earlier than the regions to the west. Although the International Date Line generally follows the 180° meridian (most of which lies in the Pacific Ocean), it does diverge in places. Since 180° runs through several countries, it would divide those countries not simply into two different time zones, but into two different calendar days. To avoid such unnecessary confusion, the date line dips and bends around countries to permit them to share the same time.
Chatham Islands
the group of islands next to New Zealand
Polynesia
the islands in the eastern part of Oceania
Atahuallpa
the leader of the incas
Proximate Factors
the little things
Agriculture
the practice of farming
Anthropology
the study of human kind
Geography
the study of the earth's surface, climate, continents, countries, peoples, industries, and products.
Chiefdom
when a ruler rules a collection of villages and each one is passed down through the family
Industrialization
when a society , Process of industrial development in which countries evolve economically, from producing basic, primary goods to using modern factories for mass-producing goods.
Domesticated
when humans have conquered and been able to control plants and animals