history geography

Great Leap Forward

A big advancement when australia and new guinea became one continent and colonization

globe

The most accurate map of the Earth, duplicating its spherical shape and relative size

equator

Zero degrees latitude. The Sun is directly overhead the equator at noon on the two equinoxes (March and Sept. 20 or 21). The equator divides the globe into the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The equator appears halfway between the North and South poles, at the widest circumference of the globe. It is 24,901.55 miles (40,075.16 km) long.

prime meridian

Zero degrees longitude (0°). The prime meridian runs through the Royal Greenwich Observatory in Greenwich, England (the location was established in 1884 by international agreement). The prime meridian divides the globe into the Western and Eastern hemispheres. The Earth's time zones are measured from the prime meridian. The time at 0° is called Universal Time (UT) or Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). With the Greenwich meridian as the starting point, each 15° east and west marks a new time zone. The 24 time zones extend east and west around the globe for 180° to the International Date Line. When it is noon along the prime meridian, it is midnight along the International Date Line.

North America

a continent (the third largest) in the western hemisphere connected to South America by the Isthmus of Panama running north and south

South America

a continent in the western hemisphere connected to North America by the Isthmus of Panama

Isolation

a country's withdrawal from internal politics

Archipelago

a group of islands

Smallpox

a highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever and weakness and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs that slough off leaving scars

Subsistence

a means of surviving ( basic needs)

Native

a place of origin

Artifact

a remaining piece from an extinct culture or place

Chain of Causation

a series of events, each of which was caused by the immediately previous event.

Cortes

a spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of an aztec empire and bought large portions of mainland in Mexico

Diffusion

a spread of ideas

Sedentary

a state where your being a couch potato

Epidemic

a widespread outbreak of an infectious disease

Self-Sufficient

able to provide there own needs

Complex

advanced society with technology and have surpassed other societies have basic needs and much more so they can focus on advancing

Natural Experiment

an experiment showing how environments effect human societies

11,000 BC

beginnings of the village life in a few parts of the world, the end of the last ice age, and the undisputed peopling of America

Infectious disease

diseases that are very contagious and easy spread

6 environmental factors determine complexity of a society

geological type,isolation,island climate, terrain fragmentation, marine resources, Area TAG MII

Mountains

high, steep, rugged land that rises above the surrounding land

Population density

how large or small a population is

Volcanic Island

islands that differ in climate based on elevation

Hawaii

it became a political entity encompassing several populous islands but one confined to a single archipelago because of its extreme isolation

Pizarro

leader of spaniards

Horses

military advantages and transportation

Continental axis

north to south vs east to west

Indigenous

originating where it is found

Literate tradition

pass down customs and traditions to each generation

Environment

refers to all of the surroundings and the conditions that affect living things, such as water, soil, and air.

Neanderthals

skeletons found that represent people of Europe and Western Asia. People who had slightly bigger brains then ours and also were the first to bury dead

Hunter Gatherer societies

societies who hunt and gather and who can only focus on the basic needs not advanced

Simple

societies who only focus on the basic needs

Clovis sites

some of the oldest sites possessing human remains

Variable

something that changes

Ultimate Factors

the big things(big picture)

hemisphere

A hemisphere is half the Earth's surface. The four hemispheres are the Northern and Southern hemispheres, divided by the equator (0° latitude), and the Eastern and Western hemispheres, divided by the prime meridian (0° longitude) and the International Date Line (180°).

Tropic of Cancer

A line of latitude located at 23°30' north of the equator. The Sun is directly overhead the Tropic of Cancer on the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere (June 20 or 21). It marks the northernmost point of the tropics, which falls between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.

Tropic of Capricorn

A line of latitude located at 23°30' south. The Sun is directly overhead the Tropic of Capricorn on the summer solstice in the Southern Hemisphere (Dec. 20 or 21). It marks the southernmost point of the tropics.

Arctic Circle

A line of latitude located at 66°30' north, delineating the Northern Frigid Zone of the Earth.

Antarctic Circle

A line of latitude located at 66°30' south, delineating the Southern Frigid Zone of the Earth.

Settled Farming Societies

An advanced civilization that is settled in one place and has homes, farming ect.

Fertile Crescent

An area of land in the middle east that was geographically lucky because the climate allowed certain crops to grow like wheat and there were animals that were able to be domesticated there

Pigs

The first and only domesticated animal in New Guinea

latitude lines

Imaginary lines running horizontally around the globe. Also called parallels, latitude lines are equidistant from each other. Each degree of latitude is about 69 miles (110 km) apart. Zero degrees (0°) latitude is the equator, the widest circumference of the globe. Latitude is measured from 0° to 90° north and 0° to 90° south—90° north is the North Pole and 90° south is the South Pole.

longitude lines

Imaginary lines, also called meridians, running vertically around the globe. Unlike latitude lines, longitude lines are not parallel. Meridians meet at the poles and are widest apart at the equator. Zero degrees longitude (0°) is called the prime meridian. The degrees of longitude run 180° east and 180° west from the prime meridian.

Maori

Lived in Chatham Islands defeated the moriori

Moriori

Lived in Chatham Islands where their independence ended through invasion of Maori and were killed or made into slaves; small isolated hunter gatherer population

International Date Line

Located at 180° longitude (180° E and 180° W are the same meridian). Regions to the east of the International Date Line are counted as being one calendar day earlier than the regions to the west. Although the International Date Line generally follows the 180° meridian (most of which lies in the Pacific Ocean), it does diverge in places. Since 180° runs through several countries, it would divide those countries not simply into two different time zones, but into two different calendar days. To avoid such unnecessary confusion, the date line dips and bends around countries to permit them to share the same time.

Chatham Islands

the group of islands next to New Zealand

Polynesia

the islands in the eastern part of Oceania

Atahuallpa

the leader of the incas

Proximate Factors

the little things

Agriculture

the practice of farming

Anthropology

the study of human kind

Geography

the study of the earth's surface, climate, continents, countries, peoples, industries, and products.

Chiefdom

when a ruler rules a collection of villages and each one is passed down through the family

Industrialization

when a society , Process of industrial development in which countries evolve economically, from producing basic, primary goods to using modern factories for mass-producing goods.

Domesticated

when humans have conquered and been able to control plants and animals