sq23, sq22, sq21, sq24, sq19, sq18, sq17, sq16, SQ15, sq14, sq13, SQ12, SQ11, sq09 & sq10, sq08, SQ07, SQ06, SQ05, POLI 102

_____ was indicted, tried, found guilty, and sentenced to six months in jail for violating the Espionage Act. fit turned out to be one of the shortest sentences given in such cases.) _____ appealed, arguing that the Act, by prosecuting speech and writing, violated the First Amendment: "Congress shall make no law ... abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press.. . ."

Schenck; Schenck

Bush attempted (unsuccessfully) to eliminate the Commodity Supplemental Food Program that provided food to the elderly poor and low-income mothers with young children, thereby saving ______, an amount equivalent to what the Pentagon spends or misplaces in three hours.

$107 million

According to the author, A team of Harvard Medical School researchers estimated that a singlepayer national health insurance could save at least ____ annually, enough to cover all the uninsured. Private health insurance companies spend ______ of premiums on administrative and overhead costs, compared to ______ spent for government-managed Medicaid and Medicare, or ______for Canada's single-payer system-which got rid of health insurance companies almost three decades ago. Likewise private drug plans have much higher administrative costs than would be incurred if Medicare administered the plan.

$286 billion; 13 percent; 3.2 percent; 0.9 percent

ARMS TRADE

.

BIOCENTRIC

.

BIOSPHERE

.

CONSUMERISM

.

As early as ______, ____________ complained of an "aristocracy of our monied corporations which...bid defiance to the laws of our country."

1816; Thomas Jefferson

U.S. conquest of California in US-Mexican War was in

1848

It seemed clear by now that the nonviolence of the southern movement, perhaps tactically necessary in the southern atmosphere, and effective because it could be used to appeal to national opinion against the segregationist South, was not enough to deal with the entrenched problems of poverty in the black ghetto. In ___, ___ percent of Negroes lived in the South. But by ___, mechanical cotton pickers harvested ___ percent of Mississippi Delta cotton. Between ___ and ____, ___ million blacks left the country for the city. By __, __ percent of blacks lived in cities and 50 percent of the black people lived in the North.

1910; 90; 1965; 81; 1940; 1970; 4; 1965; 80

In ___, faced with a general strike that began in ___ and spread elsewhere, the U.S. Attorney General arrested more than ___ workers in ____ cities across the nation.

1919; Seattle; 100,000; seventy

Between October ___ and February ____, _________ wrote eight letters to _________, reminding him of the self-determination promises of the Atlantic Charter. One of the letters wassent both to _______ and to the United Nations: I wish to invite attention of your Excellency for strictly humanitarian reasons to following matter. Two million Vietnamese died of starvation during winter of ____ and spring ___ because of starvation policy of French who seized and stored until it controlled all available rice. ... Three fourths of cultivated land was flooded in summer _____, which was followed by a severe drought; of normal harvest five-sixths was lost. ... Many people are starving. .. . Unless great world powers and international relief organizations bring us immediate assistance we face imminent catastrophe .... Truman never replied.

1945; 1946; Ho Chi Minh; President Truman; Truman; 1944; 1945; 1945

In October of _____, the French bombarded Haiphong, a port in northern Vietnam, and there began the eight-year war between the Vietminh movement and the French over who would rule Vietnam. After the Communist victory in China in ____ and the Korean war the following year, the United States began giving large amounts of military aid to the French. By ____, the United States had given ____ small arms and machine guns, enough to equip the entire French army in Indochina, and _______; all together, the U.S. was financing 80 percent of the French war effort.

1946; 1949; 1954; 300,000; $1 billion

In ________ the ________ majority in Congress pass legislation granting a ____________, ___________ tax cut.

2004; Republican; $136 billion; ten-year corporate

As of ___________ the United States had the ________ prison population in the world, _______, nations with far more people.

2009; largest; larger than China or India

With less than 5 percent of the world's population, the United States had almost __________of the world's prison population, about ______________ inmates in federal and state prisons and local jails.

25 percent; 2,311,000

Corporate crime is not a rarity but regularity. The Justice Department found that most giant companies have committed felonies. Many are repeat offenders. Over the years, General Electric was convicted of ________ counts of contract fraud and fined _______. Charged with _____________violations involving toxic substances, WorldCom was fined _______. Over a sixteen-year period, major oil firms cheated the government of nearly ___________ in royalties by understating the value of the oil they pumped from public lands. In none of these instances of grand larceny did anyone go to jail.

282; $20 million; 216; $625,000; $856 million

In the US-Spainish American war over Cuba, the Spanish forces were defeated in

3 months

By exaAccording to DFF 8, The Last Environment, cerbating flooding and drought, global warming causes more than ______________deaths and about $___________ in economic losses each year.

300,000 ; 125 billion

The Constitution contains

7 Articles and 27 Amendments

According to the authors, today the Supreme Court is composed of how many justices?

9

Article 2 gives the president the power

A and B

Who said that "Labor is prior to, and independent of, capital. Capital is only the fruit of labor, and could never have existed if labor had not first existed. Labor is the superior of capital, and deserves much the higher consideration."

Abraham Lincoln

Who said the following in relation to social class relationships concerning property, wealth and power? "The necessity of civil government grows up with the acquisition of valuable property." And "Till there be property there can be no government, the very end of which is to secure wealth, and to defend the rich from the poor."

Adam Smith

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 19: Engage in a concerted effort at conservation and ecological restoration, including water and waste recycling. Stop the development of ethanol and hydrogen cell "alternative" energies; they themselves are environmentally damaging in their production and use. Phase out dams and nuclear plants, and initiate a crash program to develop sustainable alternative energy sources. This is not impossible to do. Sweden has eliminated the use of nuclear power and may soon be completely doing away with fossil fuels, replacing them with wind, solar, thermal, and tidal energies.

Agriculture and Ecology.

The alternative to such a bold program was to continue as before, allowing the cities to fester, forcing rural people to face debt and foreclosures, offering no useful work for the young, creating a marginal population of idle, desperate people, many of them young, many of them people of color, who turn to drugs and crime, constituting a threat to the physical security of the rest of the population. What was this alternative?

Shifting public spending from militarism, war, and defense into public services

Who said the following in relation to social class relationships concerning property, wealth and power? "A permanent check over the populace should be exercised by 'the rich and the well-born'"

Alexander Hamilton

According to Parenti, which of the following are both Democratic and Republican parties committed to that makes similar ?

All of these

According to Parenti, which of the following are both Democratic and Republican parties committed to that makes them similar ?

All of these

Corporate media coverage of the economy tends to reflect which of the following, according to Parenti?

All of these

Corporate media coverage of the elections tends to reflect which of the following, according to Parenti?

All of these

Danes, Swedes, Germans, Britons, Finns, Norwegians, Belgians, French, or Canadians share in common which of the following that the United States does not have?

All of these

Defense contractors enjoy these features of military spending.

All of these

Given the following: Over the past twenty-five years, U.S. corporate giants spent only $2 trillion on research and development but $20 trillion on mergers and acquisitions. According to Parenti, What were the outcomes of these events?

All of these

In recent years prominent firms such as _______________________________ have been investigated for accounting and tax fraud, manipulating stock values, insider trading, and obstructing justice, all of which left tens of thousands of shareholders and employees with huge losses.

All of these

U.S. corporate investments do which of the following?

All of these

Unions have played an important role

All of these

Which of the following is true?

All of these

Which of the following was the Council on Foreign Relations involved in?

All of these

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: The atomic weapons, the invisible radiations, the economic anarchy, do not distinguish prisoners from guards, and those in charge will not be scrupulous in making distinctions. There is the unforgettable response of the U.S. high command to the news that American prisoners of war might be near Nagasaki: "Targets previously assigned for Centerboard remain unchanged."

All of us have become hostages in the new conditions of doomsday technology, runaway economics, global poisoning, uncontainable war.

George W. Bush's 2002 State of the Union address marked a shift in U.S. foreign policy in that

America would act without necessarily consulting its allies.

In the US-Spainish American war over Cuba, _________began taking over railroad, mine, and sugar properties when the war ended. In a few years, ________capital was invested. _______moved into the Cuban sugar industry. It bought 1,900,000 acres of land for about twenty cents an acre. The ________Tobacco Company arrived. By the end of the occupation, in 1901, Foner estimates that at least 80 percent of the export of Cuba's minerals were in ________hands, mostly ________Steel.

Americans; $30 million of American; United Fruit; American; American; Bethlehem

In _________, over one hundred striking cotton pickers were massacred by ____ troops and an armed contingent of ___________.

Arkansas; U.S.; the town's most prosperous citizens

According to the related web lesson on constitutional history, which one referred to Slaves count as 3/5 persons

Article I, Section. 2

According to the related web lesson on constittional history, the followiing passage applies to what? No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service orLabourmay be due. Group of answer choices

Article IV, Section. 2.

According to Anti-Capitalist Diciontary, 'The variability among living organisms from all sources, including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part: this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.' Refers to what?

Biodiversity

According to Anti-Capitalist Dictionary, This term can therefore be used to refer to all places where life is possible, the ecological interactions of the planet as a whole and those parts of the earth — the atmosphere, land and water — which support or are capable of supporting the existence of plants and animals. What is this term?

Biosphere

_________________ have agribusiness investments in the United States that reap upwards of $2 million yearly in subsidies.

Britain's Queen Elizabeth and other members of the royal family

According to Parenti, which nine states-_____________________________________ - contain more than half the nation's population but only 18 of the Senate's 100 seats?

California, New York, Florida, Texas, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Ohio, Minnesota, and New Jersey

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: There are other signs: the high rate of alcoholism, the high rate of divorce (from one of three marriages ending in divorce, the figure was climbing to one of two), of drug use and abuse, of nervous breakdowns and mental illness. Millions of people have been looking desperately for solutions to their sense of impotency, their loneliness, their frustration, their estrangement from other people, from the world, from their work, from themselves. They have been adopting new religions, joining self-help groups of all kinds. It is as if a whole nation were going through a critical point in its middle age, a life crisis of self-doubt, self-examination. All this, at a time when the middle class is increasingly insecure economically. The system, in its irrationality, has been driven by profit to build steel skyscrapers for insurance companies while the cities decay, to spend billions for weapons of destruction and virtually nothing for children's playgrounds, to give huge incomes to men who make dangerous or useless things, and very little to artists, musicians, writers, actors.

Capitalism has always been a failure for the lower classes. It is now beginning to fail for the middle classes.

Acording to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 16: Which administration did the following?: This President engaged U.S. air forces in combat for seventy-eight days over Yugoslavia, never bothering to get congressional approval beyond sixty days. And U.S. military advisors in Colombia engaged in combat actions without benefit of statutory or constitutional mandate.

Clinton

Which country is another country that has a history of U.S.-financed repression, including the systematic murder by army, police, and paramilitary death squads of tens of thousands of workers, students, farmers, and clergy who try to organize against their overlords. From 1986 to today upwards of two thousand labor unionists in his country have been assassinated by CIA-supported death squads. Along with weaponry and helicopters, the U.S. military also provides defoliation chemicals that wreaked havoc on this country's environment and people.

Colombia

The day after ____ declared war, the ___ party met in emergency convention in ____and called the declaration "a crime against the people of the United States." In the summer of 1917, ___meetings in Minnesota drew large crowds-___ thousand, ____ thousand, ____ thousand farmers-protesting the war, the draft, profiteering.

Congress; Socialist; St. Louis ; Socialist antiwar ; five; ten; twenty

US Constitution Created 17 September 1787 Ratified 21 June 1788 US Bill of Rights Created 25 September 1789 Ratified 15 December 1791 What's the historical significance of these two different series of dates?

Dates based on the fights and rebellions over expanding rights to more people

In the US-Spainish American war over Cuba, according to APHUS: In ______of______, the peace treaty was signed with_____, officially turning over to the ______ _____________________, for a payment of________.

December; 1898; Spain; United States; Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines; $20 million

On the other hand, as major corporations gave money to the ______ Party on an unprecedented scale, ____ demonstrated clearly, in the four years of his first term in office, his total confidence in "the market system" and "private enterprise." During the ____ campaign, the chief executive officer of Martin Marietta Corporation noted: "I think the Democrats are moving more toward business and business is moving more toward the ____."

Democratic;Clinton;1992;Democrats

It was the firm of __________that was given a U.S. government contract to float a bond issue of $260 million. The government could have sold the bonds directly; it chose to pay the bankers $5 million in commission.

Drexel, Morgan and Company

In which country did the U.S.-funded Indonesian military slaughter some 200,000 people, more than one-third of the population.

East Timor

Who said the following in relation to social class relationships concerning property, wealth and power? The framers were of the opinion that democracy (rule by the common people) was "the worst of all political evils."

Elbridge Gerry

According to Web Lesson Presentaitons, which energy corporation was responsible for hiding critical research they conducted in the 1970s on the dangers of CO2 pollution causing global warming trends?

Exxon Mobile

The investigation of the _____ disclosed many years of illegal actions to disrupt and destroy radical groups and left-wing groups of all kinds. The ___ had sent forged letters, engaged in burglaries (it admitted to ninety-two between ___ and ____), opened mail illegally, and, in the case of Black Panther leader Fred Hampton, seems to have conspired in murder.

FBI;FBI; 1960;1966

This is not the language that was used by President Kennedy in his explanations to the American public. He talked of Communism and freedom. In a news conference ________, he said; "Yes, as you know, the U.S. for more than a decade has been assisting the government, the people of Vietnam, to maintain their independence." Three weeks after the execution of _____, ____ himself was assassinated, and his Vice-President, ________, took office.

February 14, 1962; Diem; Kennedy; Lyndon Johnson

_________, a veteran ____, became the government's official ___ for the war; he set up a Committee on Public Information to persuade Americans the war was right. It sponsored ____speakers, who gave ____ four-minute speeches in five thousand American cities and towns. It was a massive effort to excite a reluctant public. At the beginning of ___, a member of the National Civic Federation had complained that "neither workingmen nor farmers" were taking "any part or interest in the efforts of the security or defense leagues or other movements for national preparedness.

George Creel; newspaperman; propagandist; 75,000 ; 750,000; 1917

Who said the following in relation to social class relationships concerning property, wealth and power?"To contain the threat of the people rather than to embrace their participation and their competence," lest "the anarchy of the propertyless would give way to despotism."

George Washington

According to Anti-Capitalist Dictionary, _____ is the name and colour adopted by political parties within the broader ecology and environmental movements.

Green

The United States invaded ________ in 1983 and ________ in 1989 to overthrow reformist governments, replacing both with free-market regimes propped up by U.S. force, bringing U.S.-financed elections, along with higher unemployment, lower wages, cutbacks in education and human services, and a dramatic increase in privatization, crime, drugs, and poverty.

Grenada; Panama

For the United States to step forward as a defender of helpless countries matched its image in American high school history textbooks, but not its record in world affairs. It had opposed the _____ revolution for independence from ____ at the start of the nineteenth century. It had instigated a war with _____ and taken half of that country. It bad pretended to help ____ win freedom from ____, and then planted itself in ___ with a military base, investments, and rights of intervention. It had seized _______, and fought a brutal war to subjugate the Filipinos. It had "opened" ____ to its trade with gunboats and threats. It had declared an Open Door Policy in ___ as a means of assuring that the United States would have opportunities equal to other imperial powers in exploiting China. It had sent troops to Peking with other nations, to assert Western supremacy in China, and kept them there for over thirty years.

Haitian; France; Mexico; Cuba; Spain; Cuba; Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam; Japan; China

A deputy director of the CIA testified that ______ and ________ told him it was Nixon's wish that the CIA tell the FBI not to pursue its investigation beyond the Watergate burglary.

Haldeman; Ehrlichman;

Who was thrown into jail for refusing to pay a poll tax as protest of the Mexican war?

Henry David Thoreau

After the war, rather than being prosecuted for aiding the enemy,

ITT collected $27 million, and General Motors over $33 million, from the U.S. government for damages inflicted on their German plants by Allied bombings.

US consumer debt reached a record high by 2002 and doubled in size from 2001 to 2008. A nationwide survey found that a large majority of personal bankruptcies are related to

Illness and costly medical expenses

Acording to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 16: Which administration did the following?: This administration unilaterally reshaped environmental policy for the benefit of logging companies and other developers, offering a generous settlement that weakened environmental and species protections whenever industry sued. "None of the decisions was subject to prior public comment or congressional approval."

Spencer Abraham;Energy;Bush Jr.;Energy;Bush;Harvey Pitt;Bush;Margaret Spelling;Education

Who later testified: "The war opened during a period of hard times. ... Business throughout the country was depressed, farm prices were deflated, unemployment was serious, the heavy industries were working far below capacity and bank clearings were off."?

J. P. Morgan

During the Civil War, whose father had written to him that "a man may be a patriot without risking his own life or sacrificing his health. There are plenty of lives less valuable"?

James Mellon

In the White House now was _________, a Democrat, an expansionist, who, on the night of his inauguration, confided to his Secretary of the Navy that one of his main objectives was the acquisition of Califonia.

James Polk

Who was investigating radiation safety negligence at Kerr-McGee corporation and died suspiciously as a result?

Karen Silkwood

Who said the following in relation to social class relationships concerning property, wealth and power: " The executive of the modern state is nothing but a committee for managing the common affairs of the whole bourgeoisie[i.e. capitalist ruling class]."

Karl Marx

A number of former CIA officials left the agency, and wrote books critical of its activities. John _____, who had headed the CIA operation in ____, resigned, wrote a book exposing the CIA's activities, and lectured all over the country about his experiences. David _____, a historian and former CIA specialist, testified at trials on behalf of people who had protested government policy in _____. FBI Agent Jack ____, a twenty-one-year veteran of the bureau, was fired when he refused to investigate peace groups. He was deprived of his pension and for some time had to live in a shelter for homeless people.

Stockwell;Angola;MacMichael;Central America;Ryan

More than half a century ago this person commented, "We can have democracy in this country, or we can have great wealth concentrated in the hands of a few, but we can't have both."

Louis Brandeis

_________ reaction to the buildup of military power had been the same as his reaction to the Vietnam war. "This madness must cease." And: "... the evils of racism, economic exploitation, and militarism are all tied together...."

Martin Luther King's

Who founded a union-led group that was more democratic and consistently secured better contracts for workers and gave stronger support to minority representation?

Maurice Zeitlin found communist-led unions which were more democratic than anticommunist ones.

In Angola and Mozambique, what did the U.S. do?

Supported wars waged by CIA-backed forces left several million dead and millions more homeless and destitute.

By this time the _______had accepted the argument that corporations were "_______" and their money was property protected by the due process clause of the ____Amendment. Supposedly, the Amendment had been passed to protect _______rights, but of the _______Amendment cases brought before the ________between____________, _________dealt with the______, _______dealt with_________.

Supreme Court; persons; Fourteenth; Negro; Fourteenth; Supreme Court; 1890 and 1910; nineteen; Negro; 288; corporations

In the 2008-2009 recession, major Wall Street financial institutions were caught marketing trillions of dollars of inflated and worthless securities. As a result which of the following happened next?

Millions of employees lost the better part of their company pensions and life savings, yet the CEOs presiding over this crisis gave themselves multimillion dollar bonuses.

Regarding the overbearing role of corporate capitalism upon political and social life, which of the following is TRUE?

Most people who write about the U.S. political system never mention corporate capitalism.

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 15: By definition, incumbents are people who have already demonstrated an ability to muster enough money and votes to win. They maintain an office in their home district to perform services for constituents, doing little favors for little people and big favors for big people, gathering votes from the former and campaign money from the latter.

Name recognition.

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 15: Incumbents generally enjoy a head start over potential challengers in name recognition. They issue press releases and use their franking privileges (free congressional mailings) to correspond with constituents, sending out newsletters that advertise their devoted efforts as lawmakers.

Name recognition.

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 19:End U.S.-sponsored counterinsurgency wars against the poor of the world. Which policy solution area does this passage cover?

National Security State.

The right to health care, education and employment is guaranteed by the ________ Amendment

None of these

At the time of the incident, Secretary of State Rusk was questioned on NBC television: REPORTER: What explanation, then, can you come up with for this unprovoked attack?RUSK: Well, I haven't been able, quite frankly, to come to a fully satisfactory explanation. There is a great gulf of understanding, between that world and our world, ideological in character. They see what we think of as the real world in wholly different terms. Their very processes of logic are different. So that it's very difficult to enter into each other's minds across that great ideological gulf. The Tonkin "attack" brought a congressional resolution, passed unanimously in the House, and with only two dissenting votes in the Senate, giving Johnson the power to take military action as he saw fit in Southeast Asia. Two months before the Gulf of 'Ionkin incident, U.S. government leaders met in Honolulu and discussed such a resolution. Rusk said, in this meeting, according to the Pentagon Papers, that "public opinion on our Southeast Asia policy was badly divided in the United States at the moment and that, therefore, the President needed an affirmation of support."The Tonkin Resolution gave the President the power to initiate hostilities without the declaration of war by Congress that the Constitution required. The Supreme Court, supposed to be the watchdog of the Constitution, was asked by a number of petitioners in the course of the Vietnam war to declare the war unconstitutional. Again and again, it refused even to consider the issue. Immediately after the Tonkin affair, American warplanes began bombarding _____ Vietnam. During _____, over_____American soldiers were sent to _____ Vietnam, and in ____, _____ more. By early ___, there were more than _____ American troops there, and the U.S. Air Force was dropping bombs at a rate unequaled in history. Tiny glimmerings of the massive human suffering under this bombardment came to the outside world.

North; 1965; 200,000; South; 1966; 200,000; 1968; 500,000

A former official observed: "In my 30-year history in the Drug Enforcement Administration [DEA] and related agencies, the major targets of my investigations almost invariably turned out to be working for the CIA." In ____________, a former DEA director and a DEA agent both appeared on CBS's 60 Minutes and detailed the CIA's massive theft of cocaine from DEA warehouses. The cocaine was later sold on the streets in the United States. Likewise DEA efforts at thwarting the drug outflow from ________; Burma; have been stymied by the CIA and State Department on behalf of____________corporation-loving, drug-running dictatorship.

November 1993; Burma; Burma's

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 15: Many states and districts are demographically inclined toward one party or another, and many districts are gerrymandered to concentrate party strength in lopsided ways, so much so that it is sometimes difficult to recruit a challenger. Those who face tough reelection challenges and have problems raising funds are more inclined to retire than those who occupy safe and well-financed seats.

One-party dominance

Which president cut Supplemental Security income (SSI), the "safety net" for low-income disabled persons, including children?

Reagan

That and the long-time U.S. wish to have a decisive voice in the control of Middle East oil resources were the crucial elements in the decision to go to war against Iraq. Shortly after the war, as representatives of the thirteen oil-producing nations were about to gather in Geneva, the business correspondent of the New York Times wrote: "By virtue of its military victory the United States is likely to have more influence in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries than any industrial nation has ever exercised." What does this refer to?

The Gulf War

What scandal does this refer to?

The Watergate Scandal

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 19:This is the single most urgent problem the world faces (or refuses to face). Unless we move swiftly, changing direction 180 degrees, we will face a future so catastrophic that it defies description, and it may come much sooner than we think.What is the single most urgent problem the world faces?

The dangers of global warming are so immense, so compounding and fast acting that an all-out effort is needed to reverse the ecological apocalypse of flood, drought, and famine.

Which of the following is TRUE?

The level of inequality in the United States is higher than in any other industrialized nation, and it continues to grow.

Wages in the United States compare favorably to wages in

Third World countries that have very weak or nonexistent unions.

According to PHUS, the US war with Mexico ended with

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Legend has it that many U.S. presidents rose from humble origins. In fact, since the beginning of the Republic, the top leadership positions-including the presidency, the cabinet, and the Supreme Court-have gone predominantly to

White males from affluent families, with most of the remainder coming from the top 5 or 10 percent of the population.

"Individualism" in this corpoate-dominated culture refers to_____________

acquisitiveness and careerism.

According to DFF4, who said that "labor...is alone the ultimate and real standard by which the value of all commodities can at all times and places be estimated and compared. It is their real price; money is their nominal price only"?

adam smith

The Bill of Rights was ratified

after the Constitution

One test survey conducted by the Transportation Security Administration itself "found that fake guns, bombs, and other weapons got past security screeners almost one-fourth of the time" which revealed that

airport security remains something of an inconvenient joke

According to Parenti, unlike the Democratic Party, the Republican Party

all of these

According to Parenti, unlike the Republican Party, the Democratic Party

all of these

According to Web Lesson Presentaiton, Last Environment on a very Lonely Planet, case study: The Energy Industry Pushes an Energy Policy Act, what happened?

all of these

According to the author, company bosses have used

armed thugs to break union organizing efforts by creating a climate of violence and intimidation.

According to the related web lesson on constittional history, the followiing passage applies to what?...No Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article.

article v

According to DFF chp.2 & PHUS chp. 5 , the Framers of the Constitution viewed slavery

as a form of political representation when calculating a state's representation in the lower house or House of Representatives

According to Parenti, the mainstream media tends to be which of the following

biased toward corporate state policies, large corporations which tend to be lapdogs of plutocracy

In the 1940s and 1950s government witch-hunting purged the labor movement of

communists. The Reds were among the most effective and dedicated organizers.

During the 1950s the U.S. Army did which of the following?

conducted germ warfare experiments in American cities, causing numerous civilian illnesses and deaths, a rare epidemic of infections.

public support of labor unions

continues to be strong by substantial majorities of almost two to one

The Court continued to hold that states could not prohibit ____________ from spending unlimited amounts to influence the outcome of public referenda, because such expenditures were a form of "speech" and business firms were to be considered "persons."

corporations

One of the major goals of the Founders at the Constitutional Convention was to

create the foundations for a national, free capitalist enterprise economy

A strong labor movement correlates not only with prosperity but with _________.

democracy

According to the author, Direct action is industrial________.

democracy

According to DFF chp.2 & PHUS chp. 5 , the phrase "all men are created equal" in the Declaration of Independence

did not settle the issue of slavery

article vi

establishes the supreme law of the land

The United States Constitution has the word 'Democracy' in it.

false

Was The United States Constitution was created with open direct participatory democracy in mind?

false

The person shall be held to answer for a capital crime, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on presentment of Grand Jury....nor shall a person suffer double jeopardy, self-incrimination....nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law is guaranteed by the ________ Amendment

fifth

Owners most dislike unions run by

honest and dedicated leaders who fight hard to protect the interests of their rank and file.

Who said the following in relation to social class relationships concerning property, wealth and power? "The people who own the country ought to govern it."

john jay

Contrary to a widely propagated myth, this country is not composed mostly of a broad affluent ____________.

middle class

Under these electoral rules legislative seats are allotted to parties based on their percentages of the vote, multiparty systems flourish. Parties receiving less than a plurality receive some representation in the legislature. This electoral system is called

proportional representation

The most popular voting system in the world is

proportional representation system

In November 1993, an Associated Press dispatch reported the phasing out of economic aid to thirty-five countries, most of them very poor. The administrator for the Agency for International Development, J. Brian Atwood, explained: "We no longer need an A.I.D. program to _____."

purchase influence

According to Parenti, the United States

ranks among the lowest in the world in voter turnout.

For members of Congress getting reelected is a major concern; for some it is their only concern. In any case, the great majority of them are quite successful at it. The turnover in Congress is ___________percent. In the _____________of the incumbents who chose to run again were reelected.

rarely more than 5 to 8; 2000 election 98 percent

A number of former CIA officials left the agency, and wrote books critical of its activities. John Stockwell, who had headed the CIA operation in Angola, resigned, wrote a book exposing the CIA's activities, and lectured all over the country about his experiences. David MacMichael, a historian and former CIA specialist, testified at trials on behalf of people who had protested government policy in Central America. FBI Agent Jack Ryan, a twenty-one-year veteran of the bureau, was fired when he refused to investigate peace groups. He was deprived of his pension and for some time had to live in a shelter for homeless people. What do all these cases refer to?

resignations from government and open criticism by former employees

Acording to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 16: At least _______ presidents employed illegal FBI wiretaps to gather incriminating information on rival political figures.

six

Article IV of the Constitution

states' power and limits

According to DFF4, the source of the owner's wealth is called

surplus value or value added in manufacture

In San Diego, who financed a cryptofascist outfit called the Secret Army Organization, whose operations ranged from burglary and arson to kidnapping and attempted murder?

the FBI

In the 1970s a paramilitary "peacekeeping" force under whose direction carried out a terrorist campaign on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation that was directly responsible for hundreds of assaults and for the deaths of more than sixty supporters of the American Indian Movement?

the FBI

In the first Battle of __________, the __________succeeded in blocking the _______ advance on ____. Each side had ___________casualties.

the Marne; British and French ; German; 500,000 ; Paris

In an address before "______________" in ____, a worker lamented: "We find ourselves oppressed on every hand--we labor hard in producing all the comforts of life for the enjoyment of others, while we ourselves obtain but a scanty portion."

the Mechanics and Working Classes; 1827

article v

the amendment process

The first ten amendments to the Constitution are known as

the bill of rights

Organized labor has been at the forefront of

the fight against child labor and for the eight-hour day and safer work conditions.

Within the government there exists a loose grouping of authorities that some have called the national security state which consists of_______________

the president, the secretaries of State and Defense, the National Security Council, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and numerous intelligence agencies like the FBI and CIA.

According to Parenti, which of the following tend discriminate against third political party competition in U.S. national congressional elections?

the winner-take-all, single-member-district plurality system

According to the author, the automobile is one of the greatest causes of air pollution in urban areas and of global warming throughout the world. An estimated ________deaths yearly are caused by automotive emissions. Rubber tire and oil slick runoffs and the tons of salt poured on winter roads cause trees and vegetation to wither while damaging bays and rivers. The average vehicle generates ________of air pollution and ______of carbon just in its manufacture. Auto companies have done little to develop zero-emission vehicles, falsely claiming there is insufficient demand. If anything, car dealers and the general public have long been asking for affordable zero-emission vehicles.

thirty thousand; seven hundred pounds; four tons

Contrary to a widely propagated myth,

this country is not composed mostly of a broad affluent middle class.

Over the last half century, U.S. leaders deployed _________ of nuclear weapons and ______________ of military personnel to over ________ major bases and hundreds of minor installations spanning the globe.

thousands; hundreds of thousands; 350

During union election drives, management can

threaten to close the plant or move it elsewhere if a union is voted in.

U.S. wages compare unfavorably

to better-unionized nations such as Canada and Western Europe.

These _______ , these land _________, laid the basis for the ______, the ________. Every time a treaty was signed, pushing the Creeks from one area to the next, promising them security there, whites would move into the new area and the Creeks would feel ______ to sign another treaty, ______ more land in return for security elsewhere.

treaties; grabs; cotton kingdom; slave plantations; compelled; giving up

According to Parenti, the corporate mass media ideology tends to reflect

ultraconservative near monopoly

According to Parenti, the entertainment media

undergo a rigorous political censorship

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: At the turn of the century, the ____________ pacification of blacks and Indians and the use of elections and war to absorb and divert white rebels were not enough, in the conditions of modem industry, to prevent the great upsurge of __________, the massive labor struggles, before the _______ World War. Neither that war nor the partial prosperity of the _____, nor the apparent destruction of the _____ movement, could prevent, in the situation of economic crisis, another radical awakening, another labor upsurge in the ____.

violent; socialism; First; twenties; socialist; thirties

Article IV of the Constitution concerns

full faith and credit given to each state state citizenship privileges covered in the several states a provision wherein all escaped slaves had to be returned to their original owners Correct: all of the above

What Nicaragua, Angola, Mozambique, East Timor, Grenada, and Panama had in common were

governments that were redirecting some portion of their countries' labor and resources toward the needs of the people, putting them very much out of step with the rigors of free-market global profiteers.

IMF imposes a "structural adjustment program" (SAP), requiring debtor countries to do what?

grant tax breaks to the transnational corporations, reduce wages, and make no attempt to protect local enterprises from foreign imports and foreign takeovers.

International free-trade agreements like GATT, NAFTA, and the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) have

hastened the corporate acquisition of local markets, squeezing out smaller businesses and worker collectives.

Union membership has declined

not because unions are so unpopular but because of the repressive, one-sided conditions under which organized labor has been forced to operate.

CIA operatives _________ in the multibillion-dollar savings and loan swindles. Monies gained from such deals, along with drug money laundered through various banks and other financial institutions, were____________________

participated; illegally used to finance CIA covert activities.

The Constitution was

created in closed secret session

Article III of the Constitution concerns

establishment of the Courts

Article II of the Constitution concerns

establishment of the Presidency

Article I of the Constitution concerns

establishment of the congress

Throughout the nineteenth century and well into the twentieth, who attacked strikers and other protestors, killed hundreds, and injured and jailed thousands more?

police, militia, company thugs, and federal troops

In the US-Spainish American war over Cuba, the American military

pretended that the Cuban rebel army did not exist.

The corporate struggle against labor in nineteenth-century America, with its farmers' rebellions and massive rail and industrial strikes, _______ any in the industrial world.

was as fierce as

Formally amending the Constitution

was made extremely difficult by the Founders in order to control the spread of popular democracy.

According to the author, meanwhile the government gives significantly more financial aid to the _______ universities than to _____ community colleges and evening schools.

wealthiest private; needy

According to DFF chp.2 & PHUS chp. 5 , most of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention were generally

wealthy and highly educated

According to DFF chp.2 & PHUS chp. 5 , Charles Beard's assessment of the intentions of the Framers of the Constitution was that the Framers

were engaged in a conspiracy to protect their immediate and personal economic interests.

KYOTO PROTOCOL

.

MILITARY INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX

.

MULTINATIONAL CORPORATION

.

Neoliberalism

.

STATE conflicts and wars of empire

.

STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT

.

Socialism

.

Structural poverty

.

WORLD SOCIAL FORUM

.

Workers' rights

.

arms trade

.

empire

.

global inequality

.

liberation

.

struggle over control

.

BIOPIRACY

..

According Zinn, in World War I, ______were to die on the battlefield; ___________were to die the of hunger and disease related to the war.

10 million; 20 million

The US Bill of Rights was ratified 15 December 1791

15 December 1791

According to DFF 8, The Last Environment, Fast-buck exploitation of the planet's resources and population explosion have brought more toxic effusion, ecological disruption, and an extinction rate of ___________species of plants and animals every year.

17,500

The United States government's support of slavery was based on an overpowering practicality. In _____, a thousand tons of cotton were being produced every year in the South. By ____, it was a million tons. In the same period, ______ slaves grew to 4 million. A system harried by slave rebellions and conspiracies (Gabriel Prosser, 1800; Denmark Vesey, 1822; Nat Turner, 1831) developed a network of controls in the southern states, hacked by the laws, courts, armed forces, and race prejudice of the nation's political leaders.

1790; 1860; 500,000

Statistics tell the story. We find these in Michael Rogin's Fathers and Children: In ____, there were ___________ Americans, and most of them lived within 50 miles of the Atlantic Ocean. By ___, there were _____ Americans, and by ___, _________ had crossed the Appalachian Mountains into the Mississippi Valley-that huge expanse of land crisscrossed by rivers flowing into the Mississippi from east and west. In ____, ______Indians lived east of the Mississippi. By ____, fewer than ______ were left. Most of them had been forced to migrate westward. But the word "force" cannot convey what happened.

1790; 3,900,000; 1830; 13 million; 1840; 4,500,000; 1820; 120,000; 1844; 30,000

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: However, the unexpected victories-even temporary ones-of insurgents show the vulnerability of the supposedly powerful. In a highly developed society, the Establishment cannot survive without the obedience and loyalty of millions of people who are given small rewards to keep the system going:... Who are these people?

the soldiers and police, teachers and ministers, administrators and social workers, technicians and production workers, doctors, lawyers, nurses, transport and communications workers, garbage men and firemen -the employed, the somewhat privileged

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: Who are the guards of the system that the Establishment cannot survive withoutthe obedience and loyalty to keep the systemgoing and who become the guards of the system, buffers between the upper and lower classes. If they stop obeying, the system falls?

the soldiers and police, teachers and ministers, administrators and social workers, technicians and production workers, doctors, lawyers, nurses, transport and communications workers, garbage men and firemen -the employed, the somewhat privileged

Was The United States Constitution created simultaneously with the Bill of Rights.?

no

The goal of the transnational corporation is to become truly transnational, poised above the sovereign power of any particular nation while being serviced by all nations. Cyril Siewert, a Colgate Palmolive executive, could have been speaking for all transnationals when he remarked,

"The United States doesn't have an automatic call on our [corporation's] resources. There is no mindset that puts this country first."

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: Perhaps much of the general distrust of government reported in recent years comes from a growing recognition of the truth of what the U.S. Air Force bombardier Yossarian said in the novel Catch-22 to a friend who had just accused him of giving aid and comfort to the enemy.

"The enemy is anybody who's going to get you killed, no matter which side he's on. And don't you forget that, because the longer you remember it the longer you might live." The next line in the novel is: "But Clevinger did forget, and now he was dead."

Acording to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 16: To sum up, the purpose of executive power is to advance the process of ________. There is not likely to be much progressive change from the top, no matter who is in the White House, unless there is also mass social unrest and mobilization for fundamental reforms at the base. Until then, presidents will pursue their prerogatives and their wars.

"free-market" capital accumulation

The fear of ________was that this would jeopardize powerful American economic interests. ______ in Nicaragua or Cuba or El Salvador or Chile were threats to United Fruit, Anaconda Copper, International Telephone and Telegraph, and others. Thus, foreign interventions presented to the public as _____were really undertaken for special interests, for which the American people were asked to sacrifice their sons and their tax dollars.

"independent nationalism";Revolutions;"in the national interest"

According to the author, with regard to repressing popular struggles against war and racial segregation in the late 1960s, who one police official declared that there were more law officers throughout the country

"on political intelligence assignments than are engaged in fighting organized crime."

Goldman Sachs was a big seller of mortgage-backed securities at the height of th real estate bubble and when the economic crash came in 2008-2009, it received how much ______________ in taxpayer bailout money?

$10 billion

Political donations can represent some of the most profitable investments a business can make. For________ in campaign donations, the banking industry was granted deregulation and savings and loan bailout legislation that would cost the U.S. public at least _____.

$36.5 million; $1 trillion

The government gave away the entire [public] broadcasting spectrum valued at $____ billion (in 1989 dollars)--instead of leasing or auctioning it off.

$37 billion

The Pentagon was storing _____ in excess supplies gathering dust or rusting away. The U.S. Army allocated ________ to develop a heavy-lift helicopter, even though it already had heavy-lift helicopters and the Navy was building an almost identical one.

$41 billion; $1.5 billion

The direct yearly military appropriations rose to about ________by 2010, really closer to_______ if we count the indirect costs of war and empire, such as veterans benefits and medical costs, annual debt payments due to military spending (over $100 billion), covert military and intelligence operations, the ______ percent of federal research and development funds that goes to the military, "supplementary appropriations" for specific wars as in Iraq and Afghanistan (about ____________ in 2010), and defense expenses picked up by nonmilitary agencies including "defense related activities" of the General Services Administration, along with the Energy Department's nuclear weapons programs, which consumes _________ of that department's budget.

$534 billion; $850 billion; 70; $130 billion; more than half

ENVIRONMENTALISM

.

GLOBAL COMMONS

.

Globalization

.

INTERNATIONAL DEBT

.

Capitalism

.

Class

.

DEEP ECOLOGY

.

DEVELOPING COUNTRY

.

There was more than thinking; the American armed forces had made forays overseas. A State Department list, "Instances of the Use of United States Armed Forces Abroad ______" (presented by Secretary of State ______to a Senate committee in _____to cite precedents for the use of armed force against____), shows _____interventions in the affairs of other countries between______.

1798-1945; Dean Rusk; 1962; Cuba; 103; 1798 and 1895

When the great railroad strikes of _____ were over, a hundred people were dead, a thousand peoplehad gone to jail, _______ workers had gone on strike, and the strikes had roused into actioncountless unemployed in the cities. More than half the freight on the nation's ______ miles of trackhad stopped running at the height of the strikes.

1877; 100,000; 75,000

When and where were thirty-five striking African American sugar workers massacred?

1886; Thibodaux, Louisiana

In ________, _________ gun thugs hired by a steel company killed nine striking steel workers in ____________. The strike was eventually broken by the _________.

1892; Pinkerton; Homestead, Pennsylvania; National Guard

In ______ troops killed ____r railroad workers who were among those on strike against the___.

1894; U.S. Army; thirty-four; Pullman Company

In _____the gold reserve of the United States was depleted, while twenty-six New York City banks had ________in gold in their vaults. A syndicate of bankers headed by J. P. Morgan & Company, August Belmont & Company, the National City Bank, and others offered to give the government gold in exchange for bonds. President _______agreed. The bankers immediately resold the bonds at higher prices, making ___ profit.

1895; $129 million; Grover Cleveland; $18 million

It was a system well fitted for the new auto industry. In___, Ford sold _____autos; in____,________; in___, ___(45 percent of all autos produced). The profit: $____million.With immigrants a larger proportion of the labor force (in the Carnegie plants of Allegheny Countyin____, of the _____common laborers, ____were Eastern Europeans), Taylorism, with itssimplified unskilled jobs, became more feasible.

1909; 10,607; 1913; 168,000; 1914; 248,000; 30; 1907; 14,359; 11,694

But by ___, war orders for the Allies (mostly ___) had stimulated the economy, and by ____ more than ______ worth of goods had been sold to the Allies. As _______ says: "America became bound up with the Allies in a fateful union of war and prosperity."

1915; England; April 1917; $2 billion; Hofstadter

Women had finally, after long agitation, won the right to vote in ____ with the passage of the ___ Amendment, but voting was still a middle-class and upper-class activity. ____, recounting the history of the movement, says the effect of female suffrage was that "women have shown the same tendency to divide along orthodox party lines as male voters."

1920; Nineteenth; Eleanor Flexner

But prosperity was concentrated at the top. While from ____real wages in manufacturing went up per capita ___ percent a year, the holders of common stocks gained __ percent a year. ____families (42 percent of the total) made less than __ a year. One-tenth of 1 percent of the families at the top received as much income as __ percent of the families at the bottom, according to a report of the Brookings Institution. Every year in the 1920s, about ___ workers were killed on the job and ____permanently disabled. Two million people in New York City lived in tenements condemned as rattraps.

1922 to 1929 ; 1.4; 16.4; Six million ; $1,000; 42; 25,000; 100,000

But the stock market is not a pension program; it is a form of gambling that could prove risky to many unpracticed retirees (and even to seasoned investors). Stock markets can crash without quickly bouncing back. After the crash of the Great Depression, stocks did not regain their ___ highs until _____. If retirement funds were transferred into millions of private accounts on the stock market, Wall Street brokerage firms would make billions of dollars in fees every year, but Social Security as a pooled system of payments, a collective insurance fund and safety net, would come to an end.

1929; 1954

In late ____, Roosevelt's personal representative assured French General Henri Giraud: "It is thoroughly understood that French sovereignty will be re-established as soon as possible throughout all the territory, metropolitan or colonial, over which flew the French flag in ____." (These pages, like the others in the Pentagon Papers, are marked "TOP SECRET-Sensitive.") By ____ the "ambivalent" attitude was gone. In May, Truman assured the French he did not question her "sovereignty over Indochina." That fall, the United States urged Nationalist China, put temporarily in charge of the northern part of Indochina by the Potsdam Conference, to turn it over to the French, despite the obvious desire of the Vietnamese for independence.

1942; 1939; 1945

The country was on a permanent war economy which had big pockets of poverty, but there were enough people at work, making enough money, to keep things quiet. The distribution of wealth was still unequal. From ____to ___, it had not changed much: the lowest ___ of the families received __ percent of all the income; the highest ___ received ___ percent of all the income. In ____, ___ percent of the adult population owned more than ___ percent of the corporate stock and nearly ___ percent of the corporate bonds. About ___ giant corporations out of 200,000 corporations-one tenth of 1 percent of all corporations-controlled about ___ percent of the manufacturing wealth of the nation.

1944 ; 1961; fifth; 5; fifth; 45; 1953; 1.6; 80; 90; 200; 60

In China, a revolution was already under way when World War II ended, led by a Communist movement with enormous mass support. A Red Army, which had fought against the Japanese, now fought to oust the corrupt dictatorship of Chiang Kai-shek, which was supported by the United States. The United States, by ____, had given $_____ in aid to Chiang Kai-shek's forces, but, according to the State Department's own White Paper on China, Chiang Kai-shek's government had lost the confidence of its own troops and its own people. In January ____, Chinese Communist forces moved into Peking, the civil war was over, and China was in the hands of a revolutionary movement, the closest thing, in the long history of that ancient country, to a people's government, independent of outside control.

1949; 2 billion; 1949

_____________, a popular propagandist for expansion, greatly influenced _________and other American leaders. The countries with the biggest navies would inherit the earth, he said. "___________."

Captain A. T. Mahan of the U.S. navy; Theodore Roosevelt; Americans must now begin to look outward

Why was the United States supporting the cointinuation of French domination over Vietnam? To the public, the word was that the United States was helping to stop Communism in Asia, but there was not much public discussion. In the secret memoranda of the National Security Council (which advised the President on foreign policy) there was talk in ______ of what came to be known as the "domino theory"-that, like a row of dominoes, if one country fell to Communism, the next one would do the same and so on. It was important therefore to keep the first one from falling. A secret memo of the National Security Council in June ____ also pointed to the chain of U.S. military bases along the coast of China, the Philippines, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea:Communist control of all of Southeast Asia would render the U.S. position in the Pacific offshore island chain precarious and would seriously jeopardize fundamental U.S. security interests in the Far East.And:Southeast Asia, especially _____ and _____, is the principal world source of natural rubber and tin, and a producer of petroleum and other strategically important commodities.... Group of answer choices

1950; 1952; Malaya; Indonesia

The CIA inquiry disclosed that the CIA had gone beyond its original mission of gathering intelligence and was conducting secret operations of all kinds. For instance, back in the ___, it had administered the drug ____ to_____ to test its effects: one American scientist, given such a dose by a CIA agent, leaped from a ___ hotel window to his death.

1950s;LSD; unsuspecting Americans;New York

In ____, the Court finally struck down the "separate but equal" doctrine that it had defended since the ____. The NAACP brought a series of cases before the Court to challenge segregation in the public schools, and now in _______ the Court said the separation of schoolchildren "generates a feeling of inferiority .. . that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone." In the field of public education, it said, "the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place." The Court did not insist on immediate change: a year later it said that segregated facilities should he integrated "with all deliberate speed." By ___, ten years after the "all deliberate speed" guideline, more than 75 percent of the school districts in the South remained segregated.Still, it was a dramatic decision-and the message went around the world in 1954 that the American government had outlawed segregation. In the United States too, for those not thinking about the customary gap between word and fact, it was an exhilarating sign of change.

1954; 1890s; Brown v. Board of Education; 1965;

In ____, the French, having been unable to win Vietnamese popular support, which was overwhelmingly behind Ho Chi Minh and the revolutionary movement, had to withdraw. An international assemblage at _____ presided over the peace agreement between the French and the Vietminh. It was agreed that the French would temporarily withdraw into the southern part of Vietnam, that the Vietminh would remain in the north, and that an election would take place in two years in a unified Vietnam to enable the Vietnamese to choose their own government. The United States moved quickly to ____ the unification and to establish South Vietnam as an American sphere. It set up in Saigon as head of the government a former Vietnamese official named Ngo Dinh Diem, who had recently been living in New Jersey, and encouraged him not to hold the scheduled elections for unification. A memo in early _____ of the joint Chiefs of Staff said that intelligence estimates showed "a settlement based on free elections would be attended by almost certain loss of the Associated States [Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam-the three parts of Indochina created by the ___ Conference] to Communist control." _____ again and again blocked the elections requested by the Vietminh, and with American money and arms his government became more and more firmly established. As the Pentagon Papers put it: "South Viet Nam was essentially the creation of the United States."

1954; Geneva; prevent; 1954; Geneva; Diem

From __________, U.S. forces dropped almost __________of bombs and napalm, and ___________ of chemical defoliants, destroying over ___________of Vietnam's plantations and orchards and over 40 percent of its forest lands and much of its aquatic resources. Several million Vietnamese, Laotians, and Cambodians were killed; millions more were maimed or contaminated by toxic chemicals; almost 10 million were left homeless. Some 58,000 Americans lost their lives and hundreds of thousands more were wounded or permanently disabled.

1955 to 1975; 8.4 million tons; 18 million gallons; 40 percent

In ___, the ___ government sent thousands of marines to ____ to make sure the pro-American government there was not toppled by a revolution, and to keep an armed presence in that oil-rich area.

1958; Eisenhower; Lebanon

Opposition grew quickly in the countryside, where Diem's apparatus could not reach well, and around ____ guerrilla activities began against the regime. The Communist regime in ___ gave aid, encouragement, and sent people south-most of them southerners who had gone north after the ____ accords-to support the guerrilla movement. In ___, the National Liberation Front was formed in the South. It united the various strands of opposition to the regime; its strength came from South Vietnamese peasants, who saw it as a way of changing their daily lives. A U.S. government analyst named Douglas Pike, in his book Viet Cong, based on interviews with rebels and captured documents, tried to give a realistic assessment of what the United States faced:

1958; Hanoi; Geneva; 1960; 2561; South Vietnam

Cuba had changed. The Good Neighbor Policy did not apply. In the spring of ____, President ___ secretly authorized the Central Intelligence Agency to arm and train anti-Castro Cuban exiles in Guatemala for a future invasion of Cuba. When __ took office in the spring of ___ the C1A had ___ exiles, armed and trained. He moved ahead with the plans, and on April 17, ____, the CIA-trained force, with some Americans participating, landed at the Bay of Pigs on the south shore of Cuba, ____ miles from Havana, They expected to stimulate a general rising against Castro. But it was a popular regime. There was no rising. In three days, the CIA forces were crushed by Castro's army. The whole Bay of Pigs affair was accompanied by hypocrisy and lying. The invasion was a violation recalling ____'s "rule of law"- of a treaty tbe U.S. had signed, the Charter of the Organization of American States, which reads: "No state or group of states has the right to intervene, directly or indirectly, for any reason whatever, in the internal or external affairs of any other state."

1960; Eisenhower; Kennedy; 1961; 1,400; 1961; 90; Truman

In the fall of ____, _____ Secretary of Defense, _____, announced the results of a "bottom-up review" of the military budget, envisioning the spending of over_____ for the next five years. It called for virtually no reduction in major weapons systems. A conservative analyst with the Woodrow Wilson International Center (Anthony Cordesman) commented: "There are no radical departures from the ___ Base Force, or even from earlier U.S. strategy."

1993;Clinton's;Les Aspin; $1 trillion;Bush

International Telephone and Telegraph was an old hand at giving money on both sides. In ____ it had made illegal contributions to Bobby ____, who worked with _____ Senators, including Lyndon _____. A senior vice-president of ITT was quoted by one of his assistants as saying the board of directors "have it set up to 'butter' both sides so we'll be in good position whoever wins." And in _____, an ITT director, John _____, who also had been head of the CIA, told Henry _____, Secretary of State, and Richard ___, CIA director, that ITT was willing to give $1 million to help the U.S. government in its plans to overthrow the Allende government in Chile.

1960;Baker;Democratic;Johnson;1970;McCone;Kissinger;Helms

Pike estimated that the NLF membership by early ____ stood at around _____. The ______ Papers said of this period: "Only the _____ had any real support and influence on a broad base in the countryside."

1962; 300,000; Pentagon; Viet Cong

By ____, based on a series of invented scares about Soviet military build-ups, a false "___ gap" and a false "___ gap," the United States had overwhelming nuclear superiority. It had the equivalent, in nuclear weapons, of _____ Hiroshima-size atomic bombs, far more than enough to destroy every major city in the world-the equivalent, in fact, of ___tons of TNT for every man, woman, and child on earth. To deliver these bombs, the United States had more than ___ intercontinental ballistic missiles, __ missiles on nuclear submarines, ___ missiles on stations overseas, ___ bombers capable of reaching the Soviet Union, ___ fighter-bombers on aircraft carriers, able to carry atomic weapons, and 1,000 land-based supersonic fighters able to carry atomic bombs.

1962; bomber; missile; 1,500; 10; 50; 80; 90; 1,700;

Earlier in ______, _____'s Undersecretary of State, ______, was speaking before the Economic Club of _________:What is the attraction that Southeast Asia has exerted for centuries on the great powers flanking it on all sides? Why is it desirable, and why is it important? First, it provides a lush climate, fertile soil, rich natural resources, a relatively sparse population in most areas, and room to expand. The countries of Southeast Asia produce rich exportable surpluses such as rice, rubber, teak, corn, tin, spices, oil, and many others....

1963; Kennedy; U. Alexis Johnson; Detroit; Southeast Asia

From ___ to ___, the wealthiest and most powerful nation in the history of the world made a __________ military effort, with everything short of atomic bombs, to defeat a nationalist revolutionary movement in a tiny, peasant country-and failed. When the United States fought in Vietnam, it was organized modern technology versus organized human beings, and the human beings won.In the course of that war, there developed in the United States the greatest ____ movement the nation had ever experienced, a movement that played a critical part in bringing the war to an end.It was another startling fact of the _____.

1964; 1972; maximum; antiwar; sixties

By early ___, the cruelty of the war began touching the conscience of many Americans. For many others, the problem was that the United States was unable to win the war, while ___American soldiers were dead by this time, ____ wounded, with no end in sight. (The Vietnam casualties were many times this number.) ______ had escalated a brutal war and failed to win it. His popularity was at an all-time low; he could not appear publicly without a demonstration against him and the war. The chant "LBJ, LBJ, how many kids did you kill today?" was heard in demonstrations throughout the country. In the spring of 1968 Johnson announced he would not run again for President, and that negotiations for peace would begin with the Vietnamese in ____.

1968; 40,000; 250,000; Lyndon Johnson; Paris

Students were heavily involved in the early protests against the war. A survey by the Urban Research Corporation, for the first six months of _____ only, and for only ____ of the nation's two thousand institutions of higher education, showed that at least ______ students had participated in campus protests, that ____ had been arrested, that ____ had been suspended or expelled. Even in the high schools, in the late sixties, there were five hundred underground newspapers. At the Brown University commencement in 1969, two-thirds of the graduating class turned their backs when Henry Kissinger stood up to address them.

1969; 232; 215,000; 3,652; 956

In the spring of ____, _____ and Secretary of State Henry ____ launched an invasion of ______, after a long bombardment that the government never disclosed to the public. The invasion not only led to an outcry of protest in the United States, it was a military failure, and Congress resolved that _____ could not use American troops in extending the war without congressional approval. The following year, without American troops, the United States supported a _____ Vietnamese invasion of _____. This too failed. In ____, ______ tons of bombs were dropped by the United States on Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam. Meantime, the Saigon military regime, headed by President Nguyen Van Thieu, the last of a long succession of Saigon chiefs of state, was keeping thousands of opponents in jail.

1970; Nixon; Kissinger; Cambodia; Nixon; South; Laos; 1971; 800,000

When calculating the bountiful returns that retirees allegedly would glean from stock investments, privateers use rosy projections about a continually booming market. But when predicting bankruptcy for Social Security, they switch to pessimistic projections of a low-growth economy with abnormally low payments into the fund. In fact, far from going broke, Social Security produces enormous surpluses. From __ to ____, Americans paid _____ more in Social Security taxes than were paid out in benefits. According to the Congressional Budget Office, the Social Security Trust Fund will remain solventuntil at least ____ Social Security is the only federal program that produces about $150 billion yearly surplus, the only program that shows every sign of being selfsupporting and solvent for over thirty years to come yet is repeatedly described by its enemies as being in danger of insolvency.

1983; 2005; $1.8 trillion; 2052

Randall Forsberg, an expert on military expenditures, had suggested during the presidential campaign of ____ that "a military budget of ___, to be achieved over a number of years, would support a demilitarized U.S. foreign policy, appropriate to the needs and opportunities of the post-Cold War world." However, the military budget kept _____, even after the fall of the supposed target of the military buildup, and by the end of ____ term was about _____ a year.

1992;$60 billion;increasing;Clinton's;$300 billion

By early 1997, the United States was selling more arms abroad than all other nations combined. Lawrence Korb, a Department of Defense official under Reagan but later a critic of arms sales, wrote: "It has become a money game: an absurd spiral in which we export arms only to have to develop more sophisticated ones to counter the those spread out all over the world." 656

1993;Clinton's;Les Aspin; $1 trillion;Bush

According to the author, a decade of efforts in Congress (_______) to increase the $___-an-hour minimum wage were stymied largely by Republican lawmakers and business groups who argued that a _____ minimum wage would drive away jobs. Opinion polls showed widespread support for an increase in the federal minimum wage. With the advent of a Democratic Congress, in ____ the federal minimum-wage law was advanced to $___ an hour, with time-and-a-half pay for any hours over forty a week.

1997—2006; 5.15; higher; July 2009; 7.25

The top ___ percent own between_____________ percent of the nation's total wealth (stocks, bonds, investment funds, land, natural resources, business assets, and so on), more than the combined wealth of the bottom ____ percent.

1; 40 and 50; 90

According to the author, Nursing homes care for nearly ____elderly and disabled, ringing up from _ to ______ in business each year, with more than ___ cents of every dollar picked up by the taxpayer through Medicaid and Medicare. The less the nursing home spends on patient care, the more it keeps for its _____________ . ______-driven nursing homes have become the shame of the nation, with their insufficient and poorly trained staffs, filthy conditions, and neglect and abuse of patients.

2 million ; $80 billion; $90 billion; 75; managers and shareholders; Profit

There are some _______ radioactive and toxic chemical sites on military bases and nuclear weapons plants and laboratories across the United States. Many of these have repeatedly released radioactive and other harmful wastes into the air and waterways, including millions of gallons dumped illegally into makeshift evaporation pits and seepage basins.

20,000

According to the author, in_____ and____,the________ administration cut hundreds of millions ofdollars from the education budget, including funds for vocational training andprograms for disadvantaged students.

2005; 2006; Bush Jr

In ______ a ___________-controlled NLRB ruled that an employer can ______ workers from fraternizing on or off duty, which makes it ___________ for workers to gather and talk about forming a union, ______ of being fired. Such a ruling ________ the very intent of the National Labor Relations Act: the worker's right to collective action, not to mention the constitutional right to lawfully associate with whomever one pleases.

2005; Republican; prohibit; nigh on impossible; for fear; violates

In the ______ presidential and congressional campaigns, spending by all advocacy groups and candidates and party committees totaled __________, a record amount that did not include the many millions spent on hundreds of state and local contests.

2008; $5.3 billion

The war came shortly after the opening of the _______century, in the midst of _________ (perhaps only among the elite in the Western world) about progress and modernization.

20th; exultation

The United States Constitution was ratified

21 June 1788

According to the author, the same government that had not a dollar for the indigent (poverty being a matter best left to private charity) gave away ____ acres of land and _____ in government bonds to a few ------------

21 million; $51 million; railroad magnates

According to Parenti, the Central Intelligence Agency has owned more than

240 media operations around the world

Unionized workers average ___________ than _________ in this country, and are more likely to have ________work conditions.

26 percent higher wages; non-union workers; better benefits and safer

According to DFF 8, The Last Environment, The costs of industrial effluents (which compose _________ percent of the loads treated by municipal sewage plants) and the costs of developing new water sources (while industry and agribusiness consume ______________ percent of the nation's daily water supply) are passed on to the public.

40 to 60 percent; 80 percent

According to the business magazine Forbes, the ___ richest families owned ____ in ___, but thirteen years later this had jumped to ____. In the nineties, the wealth of the ____ corporations of the Standard and Poor's Index had increased by ____ percent. The Dow Jones average of stock prices had gone up ___ percent between ___ and ____, while the average wage of workers had declined in purchasing power by __ percent.

400;$92 billion;1982;$480 billion;500;335;400;1980;1995;15

According to the author, in the United States about ______people are killed in motor vehicle accidents every year and well over ____ million are injured, many of them seriously incapacitated for the remainder of their lives. Auto accidents are the leading cause of death for people between the ages of fifteen and thirty-four. As of_____, upwards of ____million Americans have perished on the roads, more than twice the number killed in all the wars fought in the nation's history, about _____a day. This figure does not usually include deaths that occur several days or weeks later from injuries originally sustained in the auto accident. Motor vehicles also kill 1 million animals each day. More deer are slaughtered by cars than by hunters.

42,000; 3; 2009; 3.6; 120

According to DFF 8, The Last Environment, More than _________Americans are drinking and bathing in water that is ridden with parasites and toxic chemicals.

45 million

The U.S. military is a major polluter, using vast amounts of ozone-depleting materials, and generating _____________ of toxins yearly. The Pentagon admitted to Congress that some _____________ military sites violate federal environmental laws.

500,000 tons; 17,500

The people elected to Congress are not demographically representative of the nation. Women are _____ percent of our population but composed only ______ of the 435 members of the House of Representatives in the 111th Congress in 2010, and _____ of 100 U.S. senators. African Americans and Latinos together are a quarter of the nation's population, yet African Americans held only _____ seats in the House, while Latinos occupied _______; the Senate had only one African American senator and three Latinos.

52; 92; 17; 42; 25

The United States was the richest country in the world, with ___ percent of the earth's population yet consuming ___ percent of what was produced worldwide. But only a tiny portion of the American population benefited; this ____ 1 percent of the population saw its wealth increase enormously starting in the late ___. As a result of changes in the tax structure, by ____ that ___ 1 percent had gained over a ____ dollars and now owned over ____ percent of the nation's wealth.

5;30;richest;1970s;1995;richest;trillion;40

According to DFF 8, The Last Environment, Renewable nonpolluting energy provides about _________ percent of this country's energy production.

7.5 percent

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: The fact of that discontent is clear. The surveys since the early seventies show ___ to ___ percent of Americans _____ of government, business, the military. This means the ____ goes beyond blacks, the poor, the radicals. It has spread among skilled workers, white-collar workers, professionals; for the first time in the nation's history, perhaps, both the _____ classes and the ____ classes, the prisoners and the guards, were disillusioned with the system.

70; 80; distrustful; distrust; lower; middle

The standard view is that people go heavily into debt because they are addicted to shopping and overspending. In fact, a nationwide survey found that a large majority of personal bankruptcies are related to illness and costly medical expenses. About _________ of these had private health insurance that provided inadequate coverage. Other major causes of personal debt include loss of job, small-business failure, and loss of the family breadwinner. Facing financial emergencies, people with poor credit standing often turn to corporate lenders who charge predatory fees and usurious interest rates, amounting to _________ and higher. Debt itself creates more debt. As soon as a monthly payment is missed, penalty fees are piled on and the debt is compounded. New bankruptcy laws in _______ made it virtually impossible for debtors to wipe the slate clean by declaring bankruptcy. Instead they face a "debtor's prison without walls," with heavy garnishment on future earnings, consigning them to decades of financial hardship.

75 percent; 40 percent; 2005

Franklin D. Roosevelt did not share this frenzy, but he calmly signed Executive Order ___, in ___, giving the army the power, without warrants or indictments or hearings, to arrest every Japanese-American on the West Coast-_____ men, women, and children-to take them from their homes, transport them to camps far into the interior, and keep them there under prison conditions. Three-fourths of these were Nisei-children horn in the United States of Japanese parents and therefore American citizens. The other fourth-the Issei, born in Japan-were barred by law from becoming citizens. In ____ the Supreme Court upheld the forced evacuation on the grounds of military necessity. The Japanese remained in those camps for over three years.

9066; February 1942; 110,000; 1944

While perhaps ____ percent of the white male population were literate around ___, only ___ percent of the women were. Working-class women had little means of communicating, and no means of recording whatever sentiments of rebelliousness they may have felt at their subordination. Not only were they bearing children in great numbers, under great hardships, but they were working in the home. Around the time of the Declaration of Independence, four thousand women and children in Philadelphia were spinning at home for local plants under the "putting out" system. Women also were shopkeepers and innkeepers and engaged in many trades. They were bakers, tinworkers,

90; 1750; 40

According to PHUS: In March 1847 the US Army reported how many deserters?

9207

Who said the following? "Fellow workers.. . . This is the Continental Congress of the working-class. We are here to confederate the workers of this country into a working-class movement that shall have for its purpose the emancipation of the working class from the slave bondage of capitalism. ... The aims and objects of this organization shall he to put the working-class in possession of the economic power, the means of life, in control of the machinery of production and distribution, without regard to the capitalist masters."

Big Bill Haywood

His other cabinet appointees had strong corporate connections. A financial writer wrote, not long after _____ election: "So far, Mr. _____ actions, commentary, and particularly his Cabinet appointments, have been highly reassuring to the business community." Veteran Washington correspondent Tom ____ wrote: "The available evidence is that Mr. _____ so far is opting for _____ Street's confidence."

Carter's; Carter's;Wicker;Carter;Wall

When the Scottsboro case unfolded in the 1930s in ______, it was the ___ party that had become associated with the defense of these young black men imprisoned, in the early years of the Depression, by southern injustice.The party was accused by liberals and the NAACP of exploiting the issue for its own purposes, and there was a half-truth in it, but black people were realistic about the difficulty of having white allies who were pure in motive. The other half of the truth was that black _____ in the South had earned the admiration of blacks by their organizing work against enormous obstacles. There was Hosea __, the black organizer of the unemployed in Birmingham, for instance. And in Georgia, in 1932, a nineteen-year-old black youth named Angelo __, whose father died of miners pneumonia, who had worked in mines as a boy in Kentucky, joined an Unemployment Council in Birmingham organized by the ___ party, and then joined the party. ____ became a ______ party organizer in Atlanta. He and his fellow _____ organized block committees of Unemployment Councils in 1932 which got rent relief for needy people. They organized a demonstration to which a thousand people came, six hundred of them white, and the next day the city voted $6,000 in relief to the jobless. But soon after that Herndon was arrested, held incommunicado, and charged with violating a Georgia statute against insurrection.

Alabama; Communist; Communists; Hudson; Herndon; Communist; Herndon; Communist; Communists

The right of slave owners to reclaim their slaves is mentioned in which of the following?

Article IV, Section. 2

In early ________, President ___ used a murky set of events in the Gulf of ____, off the coast of ___ Vietnam, to launch full-scale war on Vietnam. _____ and Secretary of Defense Robert _______ told the American public there was an attack by ______ Vietnamese torpedo boats on American destroyers. "While on routine patrol in international waters," _____ said, "the U.S. destroyer Maddox underwent an unprovoked attack." It later turned out that the Gulf of _____ episode was a fake, that the highest American officials had lied to the public-just as they had in the invasion of Cuba under Kennedy. In fact, the CIA had engaged in a secret operation attacking __ Vietnamese coastal installations-so if there had been an attack it would not have been "unprovoked." It was not a "routine patrol," because the Maddox was on a special electronic spying mission. And it was not in international waters but in Vietnamese territorial waters. It turned out that no torpedoes were fired at the Maddox, as McNamara said. Another reported attack on another destroyer, two nights later, which Johnson called "open aggression on the high seas," seems also to have been an invention.

August 1964; Johnson; Tonkin; North; Johnson; McNamara; North; McNamara; Tonkin; North

Accoring to PHUS: It was a separate war that went on in _______, where Anglo-Americans raided Spanish settlements, stole horses, and declared _____ separated from Mexico--the 'Bear Flag Republic.'

California; California;

"___________" had, in fact, begun with the Founding Fathers, who deliberately set up a ____ central government to protect the interests of the _____, the ____, the land speculators, the ____. For the next two hundred years, the American government continued to serve the interests of the wealthy and powerful, offering millions of acres of free land to the railroads, setting high tariffs to protect manufacturers, giving tax breaks to oil corporations, and using its armed forces to suppress strikes and rebellions. It was only in the twentieth century, especially in the thirties and sixties, when the government, besieged by protests and fearful of the stability of the system, passed social legislation for the poor that political leaders and business executives complained about "big government.

Big government;strong;bondholders;slave owners;manufacturers

According to Anti-Capitalist Dictionary, 'The variability among living organisms from all sources, including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part: this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.' This refers to what?

Biodiversity

According to Anti-Capitalist Dictionary, ________ refers to the use of life in the form of animals and humans, microorganisms and plants, including their cells, genes and organs, without the knowledge or consent of their originators or owners. As such, the concept assumes a right to own and use biological resources through the patenting process.

Biopiracy

In political entertainment, In war movies like_____________________, the U.S. military is almost always portrayed sympahtetically, locked in battle against some pernicious foe, never serving as an instrument of U.S. empire building.

Black Hawk Down, Stripes, and Heartbreak Ridge

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: After the Civil War, a new coalition of southern and northern elites developed, with southern whites and blacks of the lower classes occupied in racial conflict, native workers and immigrant workers clashing in the North, and the farmers dispersed over a big country, while the system of capitalism consolidated itself in industry and government.

But there came rebellion among industrial workers and a great opposition movement among farmers.

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: Every time it looked as if it had succeeded, the very people it thought seduced or subdued, stirred and rose. Blacks, cajoled by Supreme Court decisions and congressional statutes, rebelled. Women, wooed and ignored, romanticized and mistreated, rebelled. Indians, thought dead, reappeared, defiant. Young people, despite lures of career and comfort, defected. Working people, thought soothed by reforms, regulated by law, kept within bounds by their own unions, went on strike. Government intellectuals, pledged to secrecy, began giving away secrets. Priests turned from piety to protest.

But with all the controls of power and punishment, enticements and concessions, diversions and decoys, operating throughout the history of the country, the Establishment has been unable to keep itself secure from revolt.

_____, in his book of the fifties, The Power Elite, counted the military as part of the top elite, along with politicians and corporations. These elements were more and more intertwined. A Senate report showed that the one hundred largest defense contractors, who held____percent of the military contracts, employed more than two thousand former high-ranking officers of the military.

C. Wright Mills; 67.4

The ________has stolen elections and waged disinformation campaigns abroad. It has bribed officials, incited ethnic enmities, and funded and trained secret armies, paramilitary forces, saboteurs, torture teams, and death squads. It has pursued destabilization and assassination campaigns against government leaders, labor unions, and peasant, religious, and student organizations in numerous nations.

CIA

____________ training manuals unearthed by a _________________ lawsuit revealed that the agency taught methods of torture to Third World militaries, such as electric shock, water torture, sleep, food, and sensory deprivation, and psychological torture such as forcing victims to witness the torture of loved ones, including one's children or parents.

CIA; Freedom of Information

It was also learned from the investigation that the ____-with the collusion of a secret Committee of Forty headed by Henry ______ - had worked to "destabilize" the Chilean government headed by ____, a Marxist who had been elected president in one of the rare free elections in Latin America. ____, with large interests in Cuba, played a part in this operation. When in ___ the American ambassador to Chile, David _____, suggested to the Chilean junta (which, with U.S. aid, had overthrown ___) that they were violating human rights, he was rebuked by Kissinger, who sent word: "Tell ____ to cut out the political science lectures."

CIA;Kissinger;Salvadore Allende;ITT;1974;Popper;Allende;Popper

Thus, ____ asked Congress in the spring of ____ for ____in credits for the military junta fighting off a peasant rebellion in______. In the _____, after the 1978 National Assembly elections, President Ferdinand _____ imprisoned ten of the twenty-one losing opposition candidates; many prisoners were tortured, many civilians were killed. Still, ____ urged Congress to give ____ ______ in military aid for the next five years.

Carter;1980;$5.7 million; El Salvador;Philippines;Marcos;Carter;Marcos;$300 million

The CIA had also been involved in assassination plots against ______ of ______ and other heads of state. It had introduced African swine fever virus into ____ in ____, bringing disease and then slaughter to 500,000 pigs. A CIA operative told a reporter he delivered the virus from an army base in the Canal Zone to ____.

Castro; Cuba;Cuba;1971;anti-Castro Cubans

The _________ started on the West Coast going east; it spent $200,000 in Washington on bribes to get 9 million acres of free land and $24 million in bonds, and paid $79 million, an overpayment of $36 million, to a construction company which really was its own. The construction was done by three thousand Irish and ten thousand Chinese, over a period of four years, working for one or two dollars a day.

Central Pacific

Hundreds of thousands of _____ Americans who had fled death squads in ____ and ______ while the United States was giving military aid to those governments now faced deportation because they had never been deemed "_____" refugees. To admit that these cases were political would have given the lie to U.S. claims at the time that those repressive regimes were improving their human rights record and therefore deserved to continue receiving military aid.

Central;Guatemala;El Salvador;political

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: The new conditions of technology, economics, and war, in the atomic age, make it less and less possible for the guards of the system - the intellectuals, the home owners, the taxpayers, the skilled workers, the professionals, the servants of government - to remain immune from the violence (physical and psychic) inflicted on the black, the poor, the criminal, the enemy overseas. The internationalization of the economy, the movement of refugees and illegal immigrants across borders, both make it more difficult for the people of the industrial countries to be oblivious to hunger and disease in the poor countries of the world.

Certain new facts may, in our time, emerge so clearly as to lead to general withdrawal of loyalty from the system

Rather than showing judicial restraint by deferring to the elected branch, the conservative justices displayed disdain for Congress's attempts to limit campaign spending. Instead conservative activists overthrew the Court's lown prior rulings limiting campaign spending. "What the conservatives seemed most concerned about, " wrote one editorialist "was protecting the interests of corporations." This Supreme Court ruling was called

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2009)

But miliutary power continued to domiante policy, and the United States often stood along in refusing to cut back on its weaponry. Through a hundred nations signed an agreement to abolish land mines, which were killing tens of thousands of people each year, the United States refused to go along. Though the Red Cross urged governments to suspend the use of cluster bombs (which spewed out thousands of tiny pellets, killing indiscriminately), the United States, which had used them in Vietnam and in the Gulf War, refused to desist. Which presidential administration is the author referring to?

Clinton

In ____ presidency, the government was continuing to spend at least _____ a year to maintain the military machine. The assumption was that the nation must be ready to fight "two regional wars" simultaneously. However, after the ______collapsed in ____, Bush's Secretary of Defense, ____ (hardly a dove), said, "The threats have become remote, so remote that they are difficult to discern." General ____ spoke similarly (reported in Defense News, April 8, 1991): "I'm running out of demons. I'm running out of villains. I'm down to Castro and Kim Il Sung."

Clinton's;$250 billion;Soviet Union;1989;Dick Cheney;Colin Powell

_____ foreign economic policy was in keeping with the nation's history, in which both major parties were more concerned for _____ interests than for the rights of working people, here and abroad, and saw foreign aid as a political and economic tool more than as a ______ act

Clinton's;corporate;humanitarian

That pattern continued through the ____ presidency. In the summer of 2000, the New York Times reported that in the previous year the United States had sold over ____of arms, ____of all weapons sold worldwide. _____of all arms were sold to poor countries. In ____ the _____ administration lifted a ban on advanced weapons to ____ America. The Times called it "a victory for the big military contractors, like the Lockheed-Martin Corporation and the McDonnell Douglas Corporation."In fact, Article ___ of the UN Charter permits unilateral military action only in defense against an armed attack, and only when there is no opportunity to convene the Security Council. None of these factors were present in the ____ bombing.

Clinton;$11 billion ;one-third;Two-thirds;1999;Clinton;Latin;51;Baghdad

_______ was willing to recall King's "dream" of racial equality, but not his dream of a society rejecting violence. Even though the Soviet Union was no longer a military threat, he insisted that the United States must keep its armed forces dispersed around the globe, prepare for "two regional wars," and continue the military budget at cold war levels, _____ had become the ______ Party candidate in ____ with a formula not for social change but for electoral victory: Move the party closer to the center. This meant doing just enough for blacks, women, and working people to keep their support, while trying to win over white conservative voters with a program of toughness on crime and a strong military.

Clinton;Clinton;Democratic;1992

_____ and the ____, in joining against "big government," were aiming only at ____ services. The other manifestations of big government-huge contracts to ____ contractors and generous subsidies to corporations-continued at exorbitant levels.

Clinton;Republicans;social;military

Both major political parties joined to pass legislation, which _____ then signed, to remove ____ benefits (food stamps, payments to elderly and disabled people) from not only illegal but legal immigrants. By early ___, letters were going out to close to 1 million legal immigrants, who were poor, old, or disabled, warning them that their food stamps and cash payments would be cut off in a few months unless they became citizens.

Clinton;welfare;1997

This was the _____coal strike that began in ______and culminated in the "______ Massacre" of_____. Eleven thousand miners in southern Colorado, mostly foreign-born-Greeks, Italians, Serbs-worked for the Colorado Fuel & Iron Corporation, which was owned by the ______family. Aroused by the murder of one of their organizers, they went on strike against low pay, dangerous conditions, and feudal domination of their lives in towns completely controlled by the mining companies._____, at this time an organizer for the United Mine Workers, came into the area, fired up the miners with her oratory, and helped them in those critical first months of the strike, until she was arrested, kept in a dungeon like cell, and then forcibly expelled from the state.

Colorado; September 1913; Ludlow; April 1914; Rockefeller; Mother Jones

Pike wrote: "The _______ have brought to the villages of ____ Vietnam significant social change and have done so largely by means of the communication process." That is, they were organizers much more than they were warriors. "What struck me most forcibly about the ______ was its totality as a social revolution first and as a war second." Pike was impressed with the mass involvement of the peasants in the movement. "The rural Vietnamese was not regarded simply as a pawn in a power struggle hut as the active element in the thrust. He was the thrust." Pike wrote: The purpose of this vast organizational effort was ... to restructure the social order of the village and train the villages to control themselves. This was the _____'s one undeviating thrust from the start. Not the killing of ______ (Saigon) soldiers, not the occupation of real estate, not the preparation for some great pitched battle . . - but organization in depth of the rural population through the instrument of self-control.

Communists; South; NLF; NLF; ARVN

According to Anti-Capitalist Dictionary, ____ is a pejorative term used to indicate a level of consumption that exceeds the satisfaction of basic needs.

Consumerism

According to Anti-Capitalist Dictionary,________ is a pejorative term used to indicate a level of consumption that exceeds the satisfaction of basic needs and wants. All human beings maintain and reproduce themselves — mentally and physically — through the consumption of air, food, water and, depending on the climate, clothing and shelter from extremes of weather. Intellectually, people also make use of various educational opportunities, enjoy art, literature and other forms of CULTURE.

Consumerism

_____ leaders want to eliminate ____ spending programs not because they don't work but because they often do. And when they do, they demonstrate that not-for-profit public-owned services (______) can outperform for-profit public-owned services (_____) at least in many basic areas. Conrail, a government-owned rail system, gave better service at less cost than the investor owned lines it replaced. But this very success was intolerable to those who correctly see nonprofit public ownership as a threat to the private-profit system. So, Conrail was "________" (sold back to private investors) at a giveaway price. Likewise the rail systems in Europe are government owned and are superior to anything we have.

Corporate;social;socialism;capitalism;privatized

There was mounting evidence that the assassination had been ordered by Roberto ______, a leader of the right wing. But _____ had the protection of Nicolas _____, a deputy minister of defense, who at the time was receiving ____ a year from the ___. And Elliot ____, ironically Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights, declared that_____"was not involved in murder." When ____ became President, military aid to the El Salvador government rose steeply. From ___, total military aid to El Salvador was ____. In Reagan's first year in office, the figure rose to ____.

D'Aubuisson;D'Aubuisson;Carranza;$90,000;CIA;Abrams; D'Aubuisson;Reagan;1946 to 1979;$16.7 million;$82 million;

The U.S. Defense Department study of the Vietnam war, intended to be "top secret" but released to the public by _______and ________ in the famous ________ case, described Ho Chi Minh's work:...Ho had built the Viet Minh into the only Vietnam-wide political organization capable of effective resistance to either the Japanese or the French. He was the only Vietnamese wartime leader with a national following, and he assured himself wider fealty among the Vietnamese people when in August-September, ___, he overthrew the Japanese . .. established the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, and staged receptions for in-coming allied occupation forces.. .. For a few weeks in September, ___, Vietnam was-for the first and only time in its modern history-free of foreign domination, and united from north to south under Ho Chi Minh....

Daniel Ellsberg ; Anthony Russo; Pentagon Papers; 1945; 1945

Veterans back from Vietnam formed a group called Vietnam Veterans Against the War. In _____, hundreds of them went to _____ to what was called the "Winter Soldier" investigations, to testify publicly about atrocities they had participated in or seen in Vietnam, committed by Americans against Vietnamese. In _____more than a thousand of them went to _____, to demonstrate against the war. One by one, they went up to a wire fence around the Capitol, threw over the fence the medals they had won in Vietnam, and made brief statements about the war, sometimes emotionally, sometimes in icy, bitter calm. In the summer of ___, twenty-eight commissioned officers of the military, including some veterans of Vietnam, saying they represented about ____ other officers, announced formation of the Concerned Officers Movement against the war. During the fierce bombings of Hanoi and Haiphong, around Christmas ____, came the first defiance of B-52 pilots who refused to fly those missions.On ______, the New York Times reported dropouts among West Point cadets. Officials there, the reporter wrote, "linked the rate to an affluent, less disciplined, skeptical, and questioning generation and to the anti-military mood that a small radical minority and the Vietnam war had created."

December 1970; Detroit; April 1971; Washington, D.C.; 1970; 250; 1972; June 3, 1973;

The generals who succeeded _____ could not suppress the National Liberation Front. Again and again, American leaders expressed their bewilderment at the popularity of the ____, at the high morale of its soldiers. The Pentagon historians wrote that when Eisenhower met with President-elect ____ in January 1961, he "wondered aloud why, in interventions of this kind, we always seemed to find that the morale of the Communist forces was better than that of the democratic forces." And General ________ reported in late ___: The ability of the Viet-Cong continuously to rebuild their units and to make good their losses is one of the mysteries of the guerrilla war.. .. Not only do the Viet-Cong units have the recuperative powers of the phoenix, but they have an amazing ability to maintain morale. Only in rare cases have we found evidences of had morale among Viet-Cong prisoners or recorded in captured Viet-Cong documents.

Diem; NLF; Kennedy; Maxwell Taylor; 1964

_______saw the ingenuity of capitalism in uniting exploiter and exploited-creating a safety valve for explosive class conflict. "It is no longer simply the merchant prince, or the aristocratic monopoly, or even the employing class, that is exploiting the world: it is the nation, a new democratic nation composed of united capital and labor."

Du Bois

_________saw more than that. He was writing several years before ___ Imperialism,, which noted the new possibility of giving the ______ of the imperial country a share of the ______. He pointed to the paradox of greater "_____________" in America alongside "increased ______ and hatred toward ____." He explained the paradox by the fact that "the white workingman has been asked to share the spoil by exploiting '________."' Yes, the average citizen of ____________, had a higher standard of living than before. But: "Whence comes this new wealth? ... It comes primarily from the _______of the world-Asia and Africa, South and Central America, the West Indies, and the islands of the South Seas."

Du Bois ; Lenin's; working class; loot; democracy; aristocracy; darker races; chinks and ____; England, France, Germany, the United States; darker nations

Africa, ___said, is "_________," because of the gold and diamonds of ___, the cocoa of ______ and ______, the rubber and ivory of the ____, the palm oil of ________.

Du Bois ; the Land of the Twentieth Century; South Africa; Angola; Nigeria; Congo; the West Coast

The United States fitted that idea of ____. American ____ needed international rivalry-and periodic war-to create an artificial community of interest between _________, supplanting the genuine community of interest among the _____ that showed itself in sporadic movements. How conscious of this were individual entrepreneurs and statesmen? That is hard to know. But their actions, even if half-conscious, instinctive drives to survive, matched such a scheme.

Du Bois; capitalism; rich and poor; poor;

One of the more egregious instances of corporate malfeasance involved ____________________ and other companies whose factories in Germany produced tanks, planes, and synthetic fuels used by the Nazi military to kill American troops during World War II.

DuPont, Ford, GM, ITT, Boeing,

According to Anti-Capitalist Dictionary, _____ is quite literally a concern about the importance and influence of surroundings within and for society. The concept developed in the nineteenth century as Charles Darwin (1809—1882), On the Origin of Species (1859), noted the effect of environment on the development and evolution of species and German geographers introduced the notion of umwelt as an explanation for economic and cultural differences between peoples. Not until the 1960s and 1970s, however, was the term used to describe concern about the fragility of the environment in ecological terms and to describe a critique of policies and practices deemed to have a detrimental impact on human society. In its broadest sense, this involves a recognition that the ultimate survival of humanity and that of other species are interdependent and require the conservation and protection of all our environs; an approach that is related to _____.

ENVIRONMENTALISM; ECOLOGY

According to Web Lesson Presentaitons, Public concern with nuclear pollution, air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, solid waste disposal, dwindling energy resources, radiation, pesticide poisoning, and other environmental problems engaged a broadening number of sympathizers and culminated in the _____demonstrations of April 22, 1970.

Earth Day

What happened to elections in Jamaica, Chile, El Salvador, Panama, Yugoslavia, and elsewhere?

Elections were manipulated by U.S. interventionists with the use of enormous sums, dishonest counts, and well-directed terror.

_______ was a ____-trained economist, a former marine officer, employed by the RAND Corporation, which did special, often secret research for the U.S. government. ____ helped write the Department of Defense history of the war in Vietnam, and then decided to make the top secret document public, with the aid of his friend, Anthony ______, a former RAND Corporation man. The two had met in Saigon, where both had been affected, in different experiences, by direct sight of the war, and had become powerfully indignant at what the United States was doing to the people of Vietnam. Ellsberg and Russo spent night after night, after hours, at a friend's advertising agency, duplicating the _____-page document. Then ___ gave copies to various Congressmen and to the New York Times. In ____the Times began printing selections from what came to be known as the Pentagon Papers. It created a national sensation.

Ellsberg; Harvard; Ellsberg; Russo; 7,000; Ellsberg; June 1971

_________, a _______ leader, who had earlier been brought back from China by U.S. warships to lead soldiers against Spain, now became leader of the insurrection fighting the United States. He proposed __________ independence within a U.S. protectorate ,_____________

Emilio Aguinaldo; Filipino; Filipino; but this was rejected.

This person was sentenced to prison for opposing the draft.and spoke to the jury: "Verily, poor as we are in democracy how can we give of it to the world? ... a democracy conceived in the military servitude of the masses, in their economic enslavement, and nurtured in their tears and blood, is not democracy at all. It is despotism-the cumulative result of a chain of abuses which, according to that dangerous document, the Declaration of Independence, the people have the right to overthrow...." Who was it?

Emma Goldman

People could be put to work producing goods and services in competition with the private market, creating more income and more buying power. The New Deal's WPA engaged in the production of goods, manufacturing clothes and mattresses for relief clients, surgical gowns for hospitals, and canned foods for the jobless poor. This kind of not-for-profit public production to meet human needs brings in revenues to the government both in the sales of the goods and in taxes on the incomes of the new jobs created.

Employment Conditions.

With World War I, ______ became more and more a market for _______ goods and for loans at interest. _____ and Company acted as agents for the Allies, and when, in 1915, _____ lifted the ban on private bank loans to the Allies, _____ could now begin lending money in such great amounts as to both make great profit and tie _______ finance closely to the interest of a ____ victory in the war against Germany.

England; American; J. P. Morgan; Wilson; Morgan; American; British

The Western powers were already at work to change this. ____ occupied the southern part of Indochina and then turned it back to the ____. ___ China (this was under _________, before the _______ revolution) occupied the northern part of _____, and the United States persuaded it to turn that back to the ____. As Ho Chi Minh told an American journalist: "We apparently stand quite alone.. .. We shall Have to depend on ourselves."

England; French; Nationalist; Chiang Kai-shek; Communist; Indochina; French

According to Web Lesson Presentaitons, According to Web Lesson Presentaitons, ________ questions the logic of private investment decisions and the conventional models of production expansion to generate economic growth and profit.

Environmentalism

Congress passed, and Wilson signed, in June of 1917, the ____________. From its title one would suppose it was an act against spying. However, it had a clause that provided penalties up to twenty years in prison for "Whoever, when the United States is at war, shall willfully cause or attempt to cause insubordination, disloyalty, mutiny, or refusal of duty in the military or naval forces of the United States, or shall willfully obstruct the recruiting or enlistment service of the U.S. .. ." Unless one had a theory about the nature of governments, it was not clear how the Espionage Act would be used. It even had a clause that said "nothing in this section shall be construed to limit or restrict . . . any discussion, comment, or criticism of the acts or policies of the Government. .. ." But its double-talk concealed a singleness of purpose.

Espionage Act

The _____ was used to imprison Americans who spoke or wrote against the war.

Espionage Act

Huntington further said that the President, to win the election, needed the support of a broad coalition of people. However: "The day after his election, the size of his majority is almost-if not entirely- irrelevant to his ability to govern the country. What counts then is his ability to mobilize support from the leaders of key institutions in a society and government.... This coalition must include key people in Congress, the executive branch, and the private-sector ________.

Establishment

According to the author, "___" around the country confine livestock in cages for the entire duration of their lives, where they are fed everything from ground-up animal parts to _____. Antibiotics are regularly pumped into these creatures to keep them from sickening, and to increase their weight through water retention. Antibiotics also create virulently resistant strains of bacteria for which there is no treatment. Over ___human deaths occur each year in the United States due to food-borne illnesses.

Factory farms; sewage sludge; nine thousand

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 15: The author offers several ways to reform Congress. in order to create a Congress that is more responsive to voters and less responsive to moneyed interests and legislative manipulators. In order of importance, which is the following recommendation? Campaign times are too long. Candidates start announcing their candidacy and jockeying for position more than a year before election day. Longer campaigns create bigger campaign bills, more dependency on those with money, more mass-marketing of a candidate's image with less time given to actual issues and policies.

Fifth

When _____________ pled guilty to filing false tax returns concealing ____________ in income, it was fined _________, and no one went to jail. Over seven hundred people a year are imprisoned for tax evasion, almost all of them for sums smaller than the amount __________ concealed.

Firestone; $12.6 million; $10,000; Firestone

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 15: The author offers several ways to reform Congress. in order to create a Congress that is more responsive to voters and less responsive to moneyed interests and legislative manipulators. In order of importance, which is the following recommendation?We need honest elections, not ones that are stolen by those who control the registration and voting, or who are in an unanswerable position to fix the final tally (see the discussion in Chapter 14). Group of answer choices

First

According to your lessons and readings, who played a key role in deregulating the financial services market while in Congress and then later became an executive board member of UBS Swiss bank which helped fifty thousand of America's wealthiest individuals to commit tax evasion by sheltering more than $14 billion in assets? [Sources: DFF 5; Online MNC lesson; DVD: "Inside Job"]

Former Republican Texas Senator Phil Gramm

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 15: The author offers several ways to reform Congress. in order to create a Congress that is more responsive to voters and less responsive to moneyed interests and legislative manipulators. In order of importance, which is the following recommendation?Broadcast media should be required to set aside free and equal time for all candidates during campaigns. The airwaves are the property of the American people, part of the public domain. Broadcasters are granted licenses to operate stations, but that does not mean they own the air waves to use as they choose. It is no infringement on their free speech to oblige them, as a public service, to make some portion of broadcast time available to office seekers who want to discuss public issues.

Fourth

Who said "the present disgraceful, cruel, and iniquitous war with our sister republic. Mexico seems a doomed victim to Anglo Saxon cupidity and love of dominion"?

Frederick Douglass

According to Anti-Capitalist Dictionary, ________ can be areas that, like the high seas, fall outside the control of any single nation, but they also include information commons such as the Internet, the human genome and traditional knowledge and are anathema to private and intellectual property rights. The global commons are also those parts of the earth's ___ that do not belong to any particular country or individual and are therefore held in common. These include things that affect the climate system, such as air space, forests, the open oceans and ______ in general. They are also commonly owned land and water, as well as the resources contained therein, such as much of the Arctic and Antarctica. As commons, especially natural resources — such as air, fisheries, forests, gas, oil, public land, water and wildlife — are not inexhaustible, the Global Commons Institute and others argue that they should be protected for the benefit of all, including future generations, and not left to the mercy of the profit motive.

GLOBAL COMMONS; BIOSPHERE; BIODIVERSITY

In which of the following countries did the U.S. overthrow popular governments that pursued egalitarian policies for the benefit of the destitute classes and later supported military oligarchs-largely trained and financed by the Pentagon and the CIA?

Greece, the Philippines, Indonesia, and at least ten Latin American nations

"In the face of the facts that modern man lives more wretchedly than the cave-man, and that his producing power is a thousand times greater than that of the cave-man, no other conclusion is possible than that the capitalist class has mismanaged .. . criminally and selfishly mismanaged." ..... "Let us not destroy those wonderful machines that produce efficiently and cheaply. Let us control them. Let us profit by their efficiency and cheapness. Let us run them for ourselves. That, gentlemen, is socialism... ."

Jack London

Which president did and said the following?: His chief adviser was William Whitney, a millionaire and corporation lawyer, who married into the Standard Oil fortune and was appointed Secretary of the Navy by this President. He immediately set about to create a "steel navy," buying the steel at artificially high prices from Carnegie's plants. This president himself assured industrialists that his election should not frighten them: "No harm shall come to any business interest as the result of administrative policy so long as I am President ... a transfer of executive control from one party to another does not mean any serious disturbance of existing conditions."

Grover Cleveland

When_______, a _______, ran for President in _____, the general impression in the country was that he opposed the power of monopolies and corporations, and that the ________ party, whose candidate was_____, stood for the wealthy. But when ____defeated___, _____wired him: "I feel ... that the vast business interests of the country will be entirely safe in your hands." And he was right.

Grover Cleveland; Democrat; 1884; Republican; James Blaine; Cleveland; Blaine; Jay Gould

At one time or another U.S. leaders, both Democratic and Republican, have supported brutal wars of attrition against popular insurgencies in which of the following countries where all these instances, torture and death squad killings were common methods of counterinsurgency?

Guatemala, El Salvador, Haiti, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos.

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 19: Allow all Americans to receive coverage similarto the Medicare now enjoyed by seniors, but including alternative health treatments.Funding might come from the general budget as in the single-payer plan used in Canada and elsewhere, providing comprehensive service to all. Which policy solution area does this passage cover?

Health Care and Safety.

Plutocratic interests are served also by well-financed conservative think tanks. They produce studies showing that America's main ailment is government regulations, and the cure is laissez-faire economics, globalization, abolition of human services, and no taxes on business and wealthy investors. Which think tanks are these?

Heritage Foundation and Project for a New American Century

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: By traditional definitions, whoever possesses military strength, wealth, command of official ideology, cultural control, has power. Measured by these standards, popular rebellion never looks strong enough to survive.

History which keeps alive the memory of people's resistance suggests new definitions of power.

___________ wrote of "economic necessities" behind Wilson's war policy. In 1914 a serious recession had begun in the United States. ________later testified: "The war opened during a period of hard times. ... Business throughout the country was depressed, farm prices were deflated, unemployment was serious, the heavy industries were working far below capacity and bank clearings were off."

Hofstadter; J. P. Morgan

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: World War ____ created a new unity, followed by an apparently successful attempt, in the atmosphere of the ____ war, to extinguish the strong ______ temper of the war years. But then, surprisingly, came the surge of the _____, from people thought long subdued or put out of sight blacks, women, Native Americans, prisoners, soldiers-and a new _______, which threatened to spread widely in a population disillusioned by the _____ war and the politics of ___.

II; cold; radical; sixties; radicalism; Vietnam; Watergate

Who spoke of "direct action" in the following passage: Direct action means industrial action directly by, for, and of the workers themselves, without the treacherous aid of labor misleaders or scheming politicians. A strike that is initiated, controlled, and settled by the workers directly affected is direct action. . ..

IWW Wobblies

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: The threat of unemployment, always inside the homes of the poor, has spread to white-collar workers, professionals. A college education is no longer a guarantee against joblessness', and a system that cannot offer a future to the young coming out of school is in deep trouble. If it happens only to the children of the poor, the problem is manageable; there are the jails. ........The poor are accustomed to being squeezed and always short of money, but in recent years the middle classes, too, have begun to feel the press of high prices, high taxes.

If it happens to the children of the middle class, things may get out of hand.

According to Parenti: "Among the self-enriching individuals in the corporate world are the chief executive officers (CEOs) of giant companies." Given this, which of the following is TRUE?

In 1973 CEOs earned about 30 to 40 times more than their workrs. By 2009 they were making 317 times more. In one year the nation's top five hundred companies handed out $10.4 billion in stock options alone, mostly to their CEOs. The ten highest-paid CEOs in 2008 pocketed from $72 million to $193 million in salaries, not counting millions more from various perks.

_____ was a land speculator, merchant, slave trader, and the most aggressive enemy of the Indians in early American history. He became a hero of the War of _____, which was not (as usually depicted in American textbooks) just a war against England for survival, but a war for the _______ of the new nation, into ______, into ____, into ______ territory.

Jackson; 1812; expansion; Florida; Canada; Indian

In 1990—1991, _______ asked for a larger share of the oil market to the annoyance of the giant petroleum companies. In retaliation for the slant drilling of its oil fields by the feudal rulers of _____________, __________________(a former CIA client) invaded ___________.

Iraq; Kuwait; Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein; Kuwait

During the Civil War he bought five thousand rifles for $3.50 each from an army arsenal, and sold them to a general in the field for $22 each. The rifles were defective and would shoot off the thumbs of the soldiers using them. Who did this?

J.P. Morgan

In 2005 the most notorious of these was lobbyist ___________who was charged with bribing members of Congress and the Bush administration in exchange for official favors.

Jack Abramoff

______ himself described how the treaties were obtained: "... we addressed ourselves feelingly to the predominant and governing passion of all Indian tribes, i.e., their ________." He encouraged _________ to move into ________ lands, then told the Indians the government ______ remove the ____ and so they had better cede the lands or be wiped out. He also, ____ says, "practiced extensive bribery."

Jackson; avarice or fear; white squatters; Indian; could not; whites; Rogin

Twelve days after the public hearing, three civil rights workers, ____, a young black Mississippian, and two white volunteers, ____ and ____, were arrested in Philadelphia, Mississippi, released from jail late at night, then seized, beaten with chains, and shot to death. Ultimately, an informer's testimony led to jail sentences for the sheriff and deputy sheriff and others. That came too late. The Mississippi murders had taken place after the repeated refusal of the national government, under _____ or ___, or any other President, to defend blacks against violence.Dissatisfaction with the national government intensified. Later that summer, during the Democratic National Convention in Washington, Mississippi, blacks asked to be seated as part of the state delegation to represent the ___ percent of the state's population who were black. They were turned down by the liberal Democratic leadership, including vice-presidential candidate ___.

James Chaney; Andrew Goodman; Michael Schwerner; Kennedy; Johnson; 40; Hubert Humphrey

Who said the following in relation to social class relationships concerning property, wealth and power? "The most common and durable source of faction has been the various and unequal distribution of property [that is, wealth]." Those who hold and those who are without property have ever formed distinct interests in society" and "the first object of government" is "the protection of different and unequal faculties of acquiring property."

James Madison

_____________told a visitor shortly after the American Revolution that he made $____ a year on every slave he owned and spent only $__ or $__ for the slave's yearly keep.

James Madison; $257; $12 or $13

It was also noted that _______ depended on the rice of _______, and Communist victory there would "make it extremely difficult to prevent Japan's eventual accommodation to communism."In _____, a congressional study mission reported: "The area of Indochina is immensely wealthy in rice, rubber, coal and iron ore. Its position makes it a strategic key to the rest of Southeast Asia." That year, a State Department memorandum said that the _____ were losing the war in Indochina, had failed "to win a sufficient native support," feared that a negotiated settlement "would mean the eventual loss to Communism not only of _____ but of the whole of "Southeast Asia," and concluded: "If the _____ actually decided to withdraw, the U.S. would have to consider most seriously whether to take over in this area.

Japan; Southeast Asia; 1953; French; Indochina; French

_______ underscored his phrase "all men are created equal" by his statement that American women would be "too wise to wrinkle their foreheads with politics." And after the Revolution, none of the new state constitutions granted women the right to vote, except for New Jersey, and that state rescinded the right in 1807. New York's constitution specifically disfranchised women by using the word "male."

Jefferson

When _____ doubled the size of the nation by purchasing the Louisiana territory from ______ in _____-thus extending the western frontier from the Appalachians across the Mississippi to the Rocky Mountains-he thought the Indians could move there. He proposed to Congress that Indians should be encouraged to settle down on smaller tracts and do farming; also, they should be encouraged to trade with whites, to incur ___, and then to pay off these ____ with tracts of land. ".. . Two measures are deemed expedient. First to encourage them to ____ hunting... - Secondly, To Multiply trading houses among them ... leading them thus to agriculture, to manufactures, and civilization...."

Jefferson; France; 1803; debts; debts; abandon

Who did the following? Started as a bookkeeper in Cleveland, became a merchant, accumulated money, and decided that, in the new industry of oil, who controlled the oil refineries controlled the industry. He bought his first oil refinery in 1862, and by 1870 set up Standard Oil Company of Ohio, made secret agreements with railroads to ship his oil with them if they gave him rebates-discounts on their prices, and thus drove competitors out of business.

John D. Rockefeller

In the US-Spainish American war over Cuba, who, later called a "splendid little war."

John Hay, the American Secretary of State

According to the related web lesson, the following in relation to social class relationships concerning property, wealth and power is expressed here by John Locke, Two Treaties of Government which forms basis for liberal political theory: Political equality is possible based on property ownership rights Economic inequality is acceptable to preserve economic freedom, for example, slavery is acceptable since slaves are "property" that an individual can be owned and exploited Basis for early American political economic theory based on property rights authorized voting rights based on property ownership by "propertied" white males. Which of the following agreed with this theory and applied it?

John Jay; Elbridge Gerry James Madison; Alexander Hamilton George Washington ; Thomas Jefferson all of these

According to the related web lesson, who said the following in relation to social class relationships concerning property, wealth and power?__________ argued in his Two Treatises of Government that political society existed for the sake of protecting "property," which he defined as a person's "life, liberty, and estate."_________: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain inalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness [originally "Property]."

John Locke; Thomas Jefferson

Who said "Our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions"?

John O'Sullivan

In __________ ordered _____ divisions of ____ soldiers to climb out of their trenches and move toward the ____ lines. The six ______ divisions opened up with their machine guns. Of the _____who attacked, ______ were killed, ____more wounded-all those bodies strewn on no man's land, the ghostly territory between the contending trenches. On _______.

July 1916, British General Douglas Haig; eleven; German; German; 110,000; 20,000; 40,000; January 1, 1917, Haig was promoted to field marshal.

According to Anti-Capitalist Dictionary, ______, adopted in December 1997, is the main international agreement on how to deal with climate change (____). The Protocol represents the culmination of a process that began in 1979 with the first World Climate Conference and included the creation of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1990. Based on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) — signed at the 1992 Earth Summit in Brazil — signatories agree to start reducing greenhouse gas emissions — carbon dioxide (CO2) methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N20), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6). In the first instance, signatories are expected to show that they have made 'demonstrable progress' by 2005. After that, developing countries are not obliged to take any action, but industrialized countries are required to reduce their carbon emissions between 2008 and 2012 by an amount equal to 5.2 per cent of their 1990 emissions.

KYOTO PROTOCOL; GLOBAL WARMING

Socialist ______, speaking in North Dakota in July of 1917, said, it was reported, that "the women of the United States were nothing more nor less than brood sows, to raise children to get into the army and be made into fertilizer." She was arrested, tried, found guilty, and sentenced to five years in the Missouri state penitentiary.

Kate Richards O'Hare

By the time _______ was assassinated in 1968, he had come to believe that our economic system was fundamentally unjust and needed radical transformation. He spoke of "the evils of capitalism" and asked for "a radical redistribution of economic and political power."

King

The ______was revived in the 1920s, and it spread into the North. By 1924 it had 4 1/2 million members. The NAACP seemed helpless in the face of mob violence and race hatred everywhere. The impossibility of the black persons ever being considered equal in white America was the theme of the nationalist movement led in the 1920s by Marcus Garvey. He preached black pride, racial separation, and a return to Africa, which to him held the only hope for black unity and survival. But Garvey's movement, inspiring as it was to some blacks, could not make much headway against the powerful white supremacy currents of the postwar decade.

Ku Klux Klan

Desperation led the CIA to enlist the Hmong tribesmen in military campaigns, which led to the deaths of thousands of Hmong. This was accompanied by secrecy and lying, as was so much of what happened in __________. In _________, a former government official in ______, Jerome Doolittle, wrote in the New York Times: The Pentagon's most recent lies about bombing Cambodia bring back a question that often occurred to me when I was press attaché at the American Embassy in Vientiane, ____. Why did we bother to lie?When I first arrived in Laos, I was instructed to answer all press questions about our massive and merciless bombing campaign in that tiny country with; "At the request of the Royal Laotian Government, the United States is conducting unarmed reconnaissance (lights accompanied by armed escorts who have the right to return if fired upon."This was a lie. Every reporter to whom I told it knew it was a lie. Hanoi knew it was a lie. The International Control Commission knew it was a lie. Every interested Congressman and newspaper reader knew it was a lie....After all, the lies did serve to keep something from somebody, and the somebody was us.

Laos; September 1973; Laos; Laos

On __________ ,a company of American soldiers went into the hamlet of ______, in ______province. They rounded up the inhabitants, including old people and women with infants in their arms. These people were ordered into a ditch, where they were methodically shot to death by American soldiers. The testimony of James Dursi, a rifleman, at the later trial of Lieutenant William Calley, was reported in the New York Times: Lieutenant Calley and a weeping rifleman named Paul D. Meadlo-the same soldier who had fed candy to the children before shooting them- pushed the prisoners into the ditch....

March 16, 1968; My Lai 4; Quang Ngai

The massacre at My Lai by a company of ordinary soldiers was a small event compared with the plans of high-level military and civilian leaders to visit massive destruction on the civilian population of Vietnam, Assistant Secretary of Defense John ____ in early ____, seeing that large-scale bombing of ____ Vietnam villages was not producing the desired result, suggested a different strategy. The air strikes on villages, he said, would "create a counterproductive wave of revulsion abroad and at home." He suggested instead: Destruction of locks and dams, however-if handled right-might.. . offer promise. It should be studied. Such destruction doesn't kill or drown people. By shallow-flooding the rice, it leads after a time to widespread starvation (more than a million?) unless food is provided-which we could offer to do "at the conference table." ...The heavy bombings were intended to destroy the will of ordinary Vietnamese to resist, as in the bombings of German and Japanese population centers in World War II-despite President Johnson's public insistence that only "military targets" were being bombed. The government was using language like "one more turn of the screw" to describe bombing. The _______ at one point in ___ recommended a "bombing program of greater intensify," according to the Pentagon Papers, directed against, in the _____'s words, "the will of the regime as a target system."

McNaughton; 1966; North; CIA; 1966; CIA

Expansion overseas was not a new idea. Even before the war against _____carried the United States to the Pacific, the _________looked southward into and beyond the______. Issued in _____when the countries of Latin America were winning independence from Spanish control, it made plain to European nations that the United States considered Latin America_________. Not long after, some Americans began thinking into the Pacific: of _______, ______, and the great markets of ______.

Mexico; Monroe Doctrine; Caribbean; 1823; its sphere of influence; Hawaii; Japan; China

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 19:Prohibit covert actions by intelligence agencies against anticapitalist social movements at home and abroad. Which policy solution area does this passage cover?

National Security State.

Corporate special interests sometimes hide behind pressure-group front organizations that have uplifting, public-service-sounding names. The ______________is really a well-financed lobby of oil and mining companies and real-estate developers with the single mission of undoing the regulations that protect our wetlands and endangered species. The _____________________ is really dedicated to facilitating corporate outsourcing and export of jobs to cheaper labor markets abroad.

National Wetlands Coalition; Coalition for American Growth and American Jobs

After the Watergate burglars were caught, ___ secretly pledged to give them executive clemency if they were imprisoned, and suggested that up to a million dollars be given them to keep them quiet. In fact, ____was given to them, on _________'s orders.

Nixon; $450,000 ; Erlichman

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: The exile of ___, the celebration of the Bicentennial, the presidency of _____, all aimed at restoration. But restoration to the old order was no solution to the uncertainty, the alienation, which was intensified in the _________ years. The election of _______ in 1992, carrying with it a vague promise of change, did not fulfill the expectations of the hopeful.

Nixon; Carter; Reagan-Bush; Clinton

When Army investigators reached the barren area in _________, in connection with the _________probe in the United States, they found mass graves at _____ sites, as well as a ditch full of bodies. It was estimated that between ____ and ___ people-most of them women, children and old men-had been slain and buried there.The army tried to cover up what happened. But a letter began circulating from a GI named ________, who had heard about the massacre. There were photos taken of the killing by an army photographer, ________. ________, then working for an antiwar news agency in Southeast Asia called Dispatch News Service, wrote about it. The story of the massacre had appeared in _______ in two French publications, one called Sud Vietnam en Lutte, and another published by the North Vietnamese delegation to the peace talks in Paris-but the American press did not pay any attention.

November, 1969; My Lai; three; 450; 500; Ron Ridenhour; Ronald Haeberle; Seymour Hersh; May 1968

Acording to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 16: Which president did the following?: Handed out hundreds of billions of dollars to large financial institutions, while doing next to nothing to help the millions who were losing their homes because of deceptive predatory mortgages sold to them by those same big financial interests, was he serving the national interest or a special interest? Much depends on how the labels are applied. If we believe the national interest entails the needs of industry and other major components of corporate America that have such a ripple effect on the national (and international) economy, then the president was responding to a national interest. By this view, the social needs of homeowners-a constituency of many millions-are defined as a more limited "special" interest.

Obama

Extraordinary rendition means

Only A and B

While demanding an ___ Door in __, it had insisted (with the Monroe Doctrine and many military interventions) on a __ Door in Latin America-that is, closed to everyone but the United States. It had engineered a revolution against ____ and created the "independent" state of ___ in order to build and control the Canal. It sent five thousand marines to ___ in 1926 to counter a revolution, and kept a force there for seven years. It intervened in the ______ for the fourth time in 1916 and kept troops there for eight years. It intervened for the second time in _____ in 1915 and kept troops there for nineteen years. Between 1900 and 1933, the United States intervened in ____ four times, in ___ twice, in ___ six times, in ____ once, in Honduras seven times. By 1924 the finances of half of the twenty Latin American states were being directed to some extent by the United States. By 1935, over half of U.S. steel and cotton exports were being sold in Latin America.

Open; China; Closed; Colombia; Panama; Nicaragua; Dominican Republic; Haiti; Cuba; Nicaragua; Panama; Guatemala

Who wrote the following: "Rise like lions after slumber In unvanquishable number!Shake your chains to earth, like dew. Which in sleep had fallen on you- Ye are many, they are few!"

Percy Bysshe Shelley's "Mask of Anarchy."

According to DFF 7 ________________ research is heavily subsidized by ________________ to the tune of over $________ annually.

Pharmaceuticals; government; 15 billion

The CIA in Vietnam, in a program called "Operation ______," secretly, without trial, executed at least ______ thousand civilians in ____ Vietnam who were suspected of being members of the Communist underground. A pro-administration analyst wrote in the journal Foreign Affairs in __________: Although the Phoenix program did undoubtedly kill or incarcerate many innocent civilians, it did also eliminate many members of the Communist infrastructure."After the war, the release of records of the International Red Cross showed that in South Vietnamese prison camps, where at the height of the war ______ to _____ people were held and often beaten and tortured, American advisers observed and sometimes participated. The Red Cross observers found continuing, systematic brutality at the two principal Vietnamese POW camps-at Phu Quoc and Qui Nhon, where American advisers were stationed. By the end of the Vietnam war, ________ tons of bombs had been dropped on Vietnam, more than twice the total bombs dropped on Europe and Asia in World War II-almost one 500-pound bomb for every human being in Vietnam. It was estimated that there were ______ bomb craters in the country. In addition, poisonous sprays were dropped by planes to destroy trees and any kind of growth-an area the size of the state of Massachusetts was covered with such poison. Vietnamese mothers reported birth defects in their children. Yale biologists, using the same poison (2,4,5,T) on mice, reported defective mice born and said they had no reason to believe the effect on humans was different.

Phoenix; twenty; South; January 1975; 65,000; 70,000; 7 million; 20 million

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 15: With the increasing number of gerrymandered and touch-screen upset victories for ______ candidates, the _____ majority leadership in Congress in 2002—2006 showed a growing disinclination to practice procedural democracy, feeling that it would predominate indefinitely as the legislative majority. Bills were written in secrecy, often by right-wing lobbyists and other special interests, with no hearings called, and no realistic debate allowed in most instances. Omnibus bills, thousands of pages long, were brought to the House floor with no advance notice, in violation of the seventy-two-hour rule. ____ were excluded entirely from conference committees, where the ______ rewrote legislation even after the conference was closed, usually ending up with far more conservative bills than what originally went into conference.

Republican; GOP; Democrats; Republicans

Was the government turning to murder and terror because the concessions-the legislation, the speeches, the intonation of the civil rights hymn "We Shall Overcome" by _________-were not working? It was discovered later that the government in all the years of the civil rights movement, while making concessions through Congress, was acting through the ___ to harass and break up black militant groups. Between ___ and ___ the ___ concluded a massive Counterintelligence Program (known as ______________) that took ____ actions against black groups. Black militancy seemed stubbornly resistant to destruction. A secret FBI report to President _____ in 1970 said "a recent poll indicates that approximately ____ of the black population has a great respect for the Black Panther Party, including ___ of blacks under ___ years of age." Was there fear that blacks would turn their attention from the controllable field of voting to the more dangerous arena of wealth and poverty-of class conflict? In 1966, seventy poor black people in Greenville, Mississippi, occupied an unused air force barracks, until they were evicted by the military. A local woman, Mrs. Unita Blackwell, said: "I feel that the federal government have proven that it don't care about poor people. Everything that we have asked for through these years had been handed down on paper. It's never been a reality. We the poor people of Mississippi is tired. We're tired of it so we're going to build for ourselves, because we don't have a government that represents us."

President Lyndon Johnson; FBI; 1956; 1971; FBI; COINTELPRO; 295; Nixon; 25%; 43%; 21

The Filipinos did not get the same message from God. In February 1899, they rose in revolt against American rule, as they had rebelled several times against the Spanish. Who expressed a "different message from God" as to the United States keeping and controlling the Philippines?

President McKinley

After running on a platform promising sweeping changes, which president went on to appoint a number of establishment policy elites, including Secretary of the Treasury Timothy Geithner, erstwhile Republican, a former director of the IMF and once president of the New York Federal Reserve, a member of the CFR, and a member of the Group of Thirty (a highly selective policy consultative group in Washington, D.C.)?

President Obama

Then, in 1947, a ___________-controlled Congress passed the ___________, which imposed _________ on strikes, boycotts, and labor organizing. Union membership has steadily _______ from __________of the workforce to about __________. If we don't count public employees and consider only the private sector, union membership _________ to ____, _______ than during the 1930s.

Republican; Taft-Hartley Act; restrictions; shrunk; 35 percent; 12 percent; declined; 7.9 percent; lower

Who pleaded guilty to accepting up to $2.4 million in bribes from defense contractors and evading $1 million in taxes, for which he was sentenced to eight years and four months in federal prison, the severest sentence meted out to a member of Congress as of then?

Randy Cunningham (R-Cal.)

___huge military budget was to provoke a national movement against nuclear weapons. In the election of ____ that brought him into the Presidency, local referenda in ___ districts in western _____ permitted voters to say whether they believed in a mutual Soviet-American halt to testing, production, and deployment of all nuclear weapons, and wanted Congress to devote those funds instead to ___ use. Two peace groups had worked for months on the campaign and all __ districts approved the resolution (__________), even those that voted for ___ as President. Similar referenda received ____ votes between ____ in San Francisco, Berkeley, Oakland, Madison, and Detroit.

Reagan's;1980;three;Massachusetts;civilian;three;94,000 to 65,000;Reagan;majority;1978 and 1981

Officeholders who prove especially cooperative toward lobbying interests might later be rewarded with lucrative positions in the corporate world when they return to private life. Barred from lobbying for only one year after leaving public service, they are becoming lobbyists with increasing frequency. A recent example is ____________ who, having played an active role in passing the ________-dollar boondoggle Medicare prescription drug bill, was reportedly offered a _________ job with PhRMA, the pharmaceutical industry's leading lobbying group.

Rep. Billy Tauzin (R-La.); trillion; $2 million-a-year

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 15: The author offers several ways to reform Congress. in order to create a Congress that is more responsive to voters and less responsive to moneyed interests and legislative manipulators. In order of importance, which is the following recommendation? Candidates should win office instead of buying their way in. What is needed is a system of public campaign financing that neutralizes the influence of private contributions. Candidates who accept public funding would have to agree to limit their spending to the amount of the public allocation. Those who decline taxpayer money would be free of that spending limit- but their opponents would then qualify for public funds equal to any amount spent by the privately funded candidate. Limitless private funding would be allowed-but it would be matched and therefore neutralized by public funding. In states like Maine and Arizona that have public financing of elections, the amounts spent by candidates have dropped dramatically.

Second

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 15: The author offers several ways to reform Congress. in order to create a Congress that is more responsive to voters and less responsive to moneyed interests and legislative manipulators. In order of importance, which is the following recommendation? Candidates should win office instead of buying their way in. What is needed is a system of public campaign financing that neutralizes the influence of private contributions. Candidates who accept public funding would have to agree to limit their spending to the amount of the public allocation. Those who decline taxpayer money would be free of that spending limit- but their opponents would then qualify for public funds equal to any amount spent by the privately funded candidate. Limitless private funding would be allowed-but it would be matched and therefore neutralized by public funding. In states like Maine and Arizona that have public financing of elections, the amounts spent by candidates have dropped dramatically. Group of answer choices

Second

Which federal program produces about $150 billion yearly surplus?

Social Security

Two months after the law passed, a _____ named Charles ____ was arrested in Philadelphia for printing and distributing fifteen thousand leaflets that denounced the draft law and the war. The leaflet recited the ____provision against "involuntary servitude" and said the Conscription Act violated this. Conscription, it said, was "a monstrous deed against humanity in the interests of the financiers of Wall Street." And: "Do not submit to intimidation."

Socialist; Schenck; Thirteenth Amendment

If, as they say, power corrupts, it usually gets a helping hand from money. Members of Congress are not the only culprits. In just one six-year period, the number of other public officeholders convicted included 3 cabinet officers, 3 governors, 34 state legislators, 20 judges, 5 state attorneys-general, 28 mayors, 11 district attorneys, 170 police officers, and a U.S. vice president, ___________, who resigned in exchange for the dropping of charges of bribery, extortion, and income-tax evasion. A U.S. president, _________, escaped impeachment and jail by resigning from office and being granted a pardon by his successor, Gerald Ford.

Spiro Agnew; Richard Nixon

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: Madison feared a "majority faction" and hoped the new Constitution would control it. He and his colleagues began the Preamble to the Constitution with the words "We the people ...," pretending that the new government stood for everyone, and hoping that this myth, accepted as fact, would ensure "domestic tranquility."

The 1%

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: Madison feared a "majority faction" and hoped the new Constitution would control it. He and his colleagues began the Preamble to the Constitution with the words "We the people ...," pretending that the new government stood for everyone, and hoping that this myth, accepted as fact, would ensure "domestic tranquility."

The 99%

______________ admitted to carrying out mind-control projects at over eighty institutions, sometimes on unsuspecting persons, and was responsible for the death of at least one government employee.

The CIA

In 1961 the chief of the CIA's Covert Action Staff wrote that books were "the most important weapon of strategic propaganda." The Church Committee found that more than a thousand books were produced, subsidized, or sponsored by the CIA before the end of 1967. This refers to what?

The Church Committee uncovered CIA operations to secretly influence the minds of Americans

Early in the nineteenth century ________ laid the legal basis for a nationally regulated economy by establishing federal control over interstate commerce, and the legal basis for corporate capitalism by making the contract sacred.

The Court

The Nixon administration tried to get the Supreme Court to stop further publication, but the Court said this was "prior restraint" of the freedom of the press and thus unconstitutional The government then indicted Ellsberg and Russo for violating the Espionage Act by releasing classified documents to unauthorized people; they faced long terms in prison if convicted. The judge, however, called off the trial during the jury deliberations, because the Watergate events unfolding at the time revealed unfair practices by the prosecution.Ellsberg, by his bold act, had broken with the usual tactic of dissidents inside the government who bided their time and kept their opinions to themselves, hoping for small changes in policy. A colleague urged him not to leave the government because there he had "access," saying, "Don't cut yourself off. Don't cut your throat." Ellsberg replied: "Life exists outside the Executive Branch." What was the name of this famous freedom of press case called?

The Pentagon Papers

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: What was the scheme that never worked perfectly?

The Revolution and the Constitution, trying to bring stability by containing the class angers of the colonial period-while enslaving blacks, annihilating or displacing Indians-did not quite succeed, judging by the tenant uprisings, the slave revolts, the abolitionist agitation, the feminist upsurge, the Indian guerrilla warfare of the pre-Civil War years.

According to the authors, during the 2000 election, who overruled state courts, state laws, and local canvassing boards in order to reach a verdict that was political congenial?

The Supreme Court

The construction was done by three thousand Irish and ten thousand Chinese, over a period of four years, working for one or two dollars a day. What was constructed?

The Transcontinental Railroad

In East Timor, the U.S. did what?

The U.S.-funded Indonesian military slaughtered some 200,000 people, more than one-third of the population.

Attorney General John Mitchell controlled a secret fund of $350,000 to $700,000-to be used against the Democratic party- for forging letters, leaking false news items to the press, stealing campaign files. What scandal does this refer to?

The Watergate Scandal

By the fall of 1973 eight different resolutions had been introduced in the House of Representatives for the impeachment of President Nixon. The following year a House committee drew up a hill of impeachment to present it to a full House. Nixon's advisers told him it would pass the House by the required majority and then the Senate would vote the necessary two-thirds majority to remove him from office. On August 8, 1974, Nixon resigned. What scandal does tis refer to?

The Watergate Scandal

Gulf Oil Corporation, IIT (International Telephone and Telegraph), American Airlines, and other huge American corporations had made illegal contributions, running into millions of dollars, to the Nixon campaign. What scandal does this refer to?

The Watergate Scandal

In September of 1971, shortly after the New York Times printed Daniel Ellsberg's copies of the top-secret Pentagon Papers, the administration planned and carried out-Howard Hunt and Gordon Liddy themselves doing it-the burglary of the office of Ellsberg's psychiatrist, looking for Ellsberg's records. What scandal does this refer to?

The Watergate Scandal

It was disclosed that for over a year in 1969-1970 the U.S. had engaged in a secret, massive bombing of Cambodia, which it kept from the American public and even from Congress. What scandal does tis refer to?

The Watergate Scandal

One of the Watergate burglars, Bernard Barker, told the Senate committee that he had also been involved in a plan to physically attack Daniel Ellsberg while Ellsberg spoke at an antiwar rally in Washington.What scandal does tis refer to?

The Watergate Scandal

The U.S. can destroy Iraq's highways, but not build its own; create the conditions for epidemic in Iraq, but not offer health care to millions of Americans. It can excoriate Iraqi treatment of the Kurdish minority, but not deal with domestic race relations; create homelessness abroad but not solve it here; keep a half million troops drug free as part of a war, but refuse to fund the treatment of millions of drug addicts at borne. ... We shall lose the war after we have won it.

The government's demand for increased military spending while decreasing public spending

After the disintegration of the Soviet bloc began in 1989, there had been talk in the United States of a "peace dividend," the opportunity to take billions of dollars from the military budget and use it for human needs. The war in the Gulf became a convenient excuse for the government determined to stop such talk. A member of the Bush administration said: "We owe Saddam a favor. He saved us from the peace dividend" (New York Times, March 2, 1991). What does this refer to?

The public's demand for reduced military spending

Which of the following is TRUE?

The real wealth is with the very top superrich stratum, a tiny fraction of 1 percent of the population, some 145,000 individuals, who increased their aggregate income by almost 600 percent in the last three decades.

According to DFF7 _________ has brought additional reductions in human services, creating more hunger, isolation, and unattended illness for those with the fewest economic resources and the least political clout.

The recession of 2008—2009

According to the authori, candidates are selected by which process?

The top politico-economic elites frequently gather to decide what candidates to support and what policies to pursue at home and abroad, so to better secure their common class interests.

According to Democracy for the Few chapter 4 [DFF4] which of the following isTRUE?

The very rich families and individuals who compose the owning class live mostly off investments, which include stocks, bonds, rents, mineral royalties, and other property income. Their employees live mostly off wages, salaries, and fees.

According to Anti-Capitalist Dictionary, _____ (1857—1929) in his The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899). Veblen used the term 'conspicuous consumption' to denote unusual purchasing patterns through which people attempt to enhance their social status according to the amount or expense of the commodities they accumulate or consume. Such action subordinates human individuality and personal development to the purchase of brand names, designer labels and the statements made by the ownership and display of expensive cars, houses, jewellery and other luxury items; possibly in an attempt to remedy feelings of ALIENATION. Personal relationships also become restricted to an interaction between people with similar interests in the pursuit of wealth, luxury and the consumption of similar products .

Thorstein Veblen

According to the related web lesson on constittional history, the followiing applies to what? Article I, Section. 2 Article I,Section. 9, clause 1 Article IV, Section. 2 Article V The Thirteenth Amendment

To the issue of slavery in the US Constitution

Defense contractors enjoy these features of military spending. Which of the following is true and cited in the text?

There is a Pentagon-leased luxury hotel outside Disney World in Florida that requires an annual federal subsidy of $27 million.

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: One percent of the nation owns a third of the wealth. The rest of the wealth is distributed in such a way as to turn those in the 99 percent against one another: small property owners against the propertyless, black against white, native-born against foreign-born, intellectuals and professionals against the uneducated and unskilled.

These groups have resented one another and warred against one another with such vehemence and violence as to obscure their common position as sharers of leftovers in a very wealthy country.

And so it went, in industry after industry-shrewd, efficient businessmen building empires, choking out competition, maintaining high prices, keeping wages low, using government subsidies. . . . By the turn of the century, American Telephone and telegraph had a monopoly of the nation's telephone system, International Harvester made 85 percent of all farm machinery, and in every other industry resources became concentrated, controlled. The banks had interests in so many of these monopolies as to create an interlocking network of powerful corporation directors, each of whom sat on the boards of many other corporations. According to a Senate report of the early twentieth century, Morgan at his peak sat on the board of forty-eight corporations; Rockefeller, thirty-seven corporations. What does this passage tell us according to APHUS?

These industries were the first beneficiaries of the "welfare state."

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: The American system is the most ingenious system of control in world history. With a country so rich in natural resources, talent, and labor power the system can afford to distribute just enough wealth to just enough people to limit discontent to a troublesome minority. It is a country so powerful, so big, so pleasing to so many of its citizens that it can afford to give freedom of dissent to the small number who are not pleased. What is this passage referring to?

These rebellions, so far, have been contained.

In 1997, the House barred outside groups and individuals from lodging ethics complaints against its members. When ___________ was facing felony indictments in 2004, the House GOP pushed through a rule to ensure that such criminal charges would not prevent him from keeping his post as House Majority Leader.

Tom Delay

In a series of moves abroad and at home, it established a climate of fear-a hysteria about Communism-which would steeply escalate the military budget and stimulate the economy with war-related orders. This combination of policies would permit more aggressive actions abroad, more repressive actions at home. Who se policies are related here?

Truman administration

____ made a point of bringing a substantial number of non-partisan soldiers, ______ bankers, and Wall Street lawyers into his Administration. He went to the existing sources of power in the country to get help he needed in ruling the country. _____ in part inherited this coalition and was in part almost its creation... . ______ attempted to re-create a somewhat similar structure of alliances.

Truman; Republican;Eisenhower;Kennedy

One of the biggest users of this convict slave labor was a subsidiary of _______

U.S. Steel Corporation.

The passage "We Take Nothing By Conquest" is related to what?

U.S. conquest of California in US-Mexican War

At one time or another, which various agencies have admitted to maintaining surveillance on millions of private citizens and even members of Congress, planting their operatives in other units of government and plant stories in the U.S. media, secretly enlisting the cooperation of media bosses, journalists, and editors?

U.S. intelligence

The U.S. overthrew reformist governments in Iran, Guatemala, the Congo, the Dominican Republic, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay because

U.S. rulers mainly have been defending the capitalist world from social change-even when the change has been peaceful and democratic.

At a ____ conference in ___ in ____, the United States ___ the establishment of a permanent international war crimes court. There was a ____ that American officials and military leaders who, like ____, had been responsible for policies leading to the deaths of larger numbers of people might be brought before such a court.

UN;Rome;1999;opposed;fear;Henry Kissinger

The __________ started in Nebraska going west. It had been given 12 million acres of free land and $27 million in government bonds. It created the Credit Mohilier company and gave them $94 million for construction when the actual cost was $44 million. Shares were sold cheaply to Congressmen to prevent investigation.

Union Pacific

________novel The Jungle, published in 1906, brought the conditions in the meatpacking plants of Chicago to the shocked attention of the whole country, and stimulated demand for laws regulating the meat industry. But also, through the story of an immigrant laborer, Jurgis Rudkus, it spoke of socialism, of how beautiful life might be if people cooperatively owned and worked and shared the riches of the earth. The Jungle was first published in the Socialist newspaper Appeal to Reason; it was then read by millions as a book, and was translated into seventeen languages.

Upton Sinclair's

Who were writers of the early twentieth century who spoke for socialism or criticized the capitalist system harshly-not obscure pamphleteers, but among the most famous of American literary figures, whose books were read by millions?

Upton Sinclair, Jack London, Theodore Dreiser, Frank Norris.

One of the influences on _________'s thinking was a book, People of the Abyss, by________. _____was a member of the Socialist party. He had come out of the slums of San Francisco, the child of an unwed mother. He had been a newsboy, a cannery worker, a sailor, a fisherman, had worked in a jute mill and a laundry, hoboed the railroads to the East Coast, been clubbed by a policeman on the streets of New York and arrested for vagrancy in Niagara Falls, watched men beaten and tortured in jail, pirated oysters in San Francisco Bay, read ______and the Communist Manifesto, preached socialism in the Alaskan gold camps in the winter of 1896, sailed 2,000 miles back through the Bering Sea, and became a world-famous writer of adventure books. In 1906, he wrote his novel The Iron Heel, with its warning of a fascist America, its ideal of a socialist brotherhood of man. In the course of it, through his characters, he indicts the system.

Upton Sinclair; Jack London; London; Flaubert, Tolstoy, Melville

The general disillusionment with government during the _____ years and the _____ scandals, the exposure of ____actions by the ____ and the _____, led to resignations from government and open criticism by former employees.

Vietnam;Watergate;anti-democratic;FBI;CIA

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: If we understand that, and act on it, not only will life be more satisfying, right off, but our grandchildren, or our great grandchildren, might possibly see a different and marvelous world.

We readers and writers of books have been, for the most part, among the guards.

It became important to develop a set of ideas, taught in church, in school, and in the family, to keep women in their place even as that place became more and more unsettled. Barbara ______ (Dimity Convictions) has shown how powerful was the "cult of true womanhood" in the years after ____. The woman was expected to be pious. A man writing in The Ladies' Repository: "Religion is exactly what a woman needs, for it gives her that dignity that bests suits her dependence. " Mrs. John _____, in her book Woman, in Her Social and Domestic Character, said: "Religion is just what woman needs. Without it she is ever restless or unhappy."

Welter; 1820; Sandford

Not all wealthy persons are engaged in ruling. Most prefer to concentrate on other pursuits. The ruling class consists largely of politically active members of the wealthy corporate class. Most top policymakers are drawn from big corporations, prominent law firms, and, less frequently, from the military and scientific establishments. Many are linked by social ties and common financial investments. Many attend the same elite schools and have worked in the same corporations. This class of people is called

What we have in the United States is a plutocracy (rule by and for the wealthy).

According to the author, during the popular struggles against war and racial segregation in the late 1960s, some activists suffered physical assault and even death at the hands of ______________.

White vigilantes while police and FBI informants either looked the other way or actually assisted.

Historian Jon ____, analyzing the domestic context of the war decision shortly afterward, wrote that "_____ abandoned sanctions and chose war because his time frame was a political one set by the approaching _____ presidential elections."

Wiener;Bush;1992

Several years before his election to the presidency, ________said: "We want a foreign market for our surplus products." ____________in early _______ declared: "American factories are making more than the American people can use; American soil is producing more than they can consume. Fate has written our policy for us; the trade of the world must and shall be ours."

William McKinley; Senator Albert Beveridge of Indiana; 1897

Back in 1907, _____________ had said in a lecture at Columbia University: "Concessions obtained by financiers must be safeguarded by ministers of state, even if the sovereignty of unwilling nations be outraged in the process. . . . the doors of the nations which are closed must be battered down." In his 1912 campaign he said: "Our domestic markets no longer suffice, we need foreign markets." In a memo to Bryan he described his aim as "an open door to the world," and in 1914 he said he supported "the righteous conquest of foreign markets."

Woodrow Wilson

The year of the massacre at_______, _______, it was officially declared by the _________that the internal frontier was closed. The profit system, with its natural tendency for expansion, had already begun to look overseas. The severe depression that began in ______strengthened an idea developing within the political and financial elite of the country: that overseas markets for American goods might relieve the problem of underconsumption at home and prevent the economic crises that in the 1890s brought_______.

Wounded Knee; 1890; Bureau of the Census; 1893; class war

The first principle of environmentalism is that the earth as a whole, for all time, must be seen as '_____.'

a commons

According to Web Lesson Presentaiton, Last Environment on a very Lonely Planet, environmentalism

all of these

According to Web Lesson Presentaitons, The central value assertions of environmentalism are inherently appealing to most reasonable and informed people are which of the following?

all of these

Environmentalism is an ideology and a movement to protest the quality and continuity of human life through

all of these

Some of the problems of environmentalism are which of the following?

all of these

Who had escaped military service in the Civil War by paying a fee to a substitute.

all of these

Despite the overthrow of the USSR and other Eastern European communist nations in 1990—1992, U.S. military allocations continued ______________levels, and U.S. overseas military strength remained deployed in much the same pattern as before, with its Cold War arsenal of long-range nuclear missiles aimed mostly at the former Soviet Union, an enemy that no longer exists. In recent years the list of sites targeted by U.S. nuclear weapons actually ____________, including new targets in Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakstan, China, Iran, Iraq, and North Korea.

at budget-busting stratospheric; grew by 20 percent

The Congress created by the framers of the Constitution is a __________ body, divided into the House of Representatives, whose ________ seats are distributed among the states according to ________, and the Senate, with ________ seats per state regardless of population.

bicameral; 435; population; two

Acording to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 16: Which administration did the following?: When the Congress failed to pass this administraion's faith-based initiatives, he signed an executive order allowing Christian religious groups to receive over $1.1 billion to carry out their own programs. The money came out of the operational budgets of other federal agencies.

billions;70;World War II;seventy;CIA

The CIA is now using several hundred American academics (administrators, faculty members, graduate students engaged in teaching) who, in addition to providing leads and, on occasion, making introductions for intelligence purposes, write _________ and other material to be used for ______ purposes abroad. . . . These academics are located in over ____ American colleges, universities and related institutions. At the majority of institutions, no one other than the individual concerned is aware of the CIA link. At the others, at least one university official is aware of the operational use of academics on his campus.. .. The CIA considers these operational relationships within the U.S. academic community as perhaps its most _____ domestic area and has strict controls governing these operations....

books;propaganda;100;sensitive

Organized labor usually cannot match business in spending power and political muscle. In recent elections, big business outspent labor

by twenty-four to one.

And would not a foreign adventure deflect some of the rebellious energy that went into strikes and protest movements toward an external enemy? Would it not unite people with government, with the armed forces, instead of against them? This was probably not a conscious plan among most of the elite-but a natural development from the twin drives of________.

capitalism and nationalism

If government is corporate _______ provider and protector at home and abroad, and if government and business are so intermingled as to be often indistinguishable, why are businesspeople so critical of "government meddling in the economy"? There are a number of explanations. First, corporate America is not at all against monopolistic ____ that limit entry into a market, weaken smaller competitors, subsidize select industries, set production standards that only big companies can meet, and encourage monopoly pricing. It is public service _____ that big business wants eliminated, such things as antitrust laws, and worker, consumer, and environmental protections. These are anathema to business because they benefit the general public while cutting into the profits of the privileged investor. _____ in the public-service realm leaves business freer to pursue profits without incurring any obligation for the social costs of that pursuit. _____ has given the mining companies a free hand to devastate whole regions without having to pay any restoration costs. _____ allows corporate executives to pad their paychecks with fringe benefits and stock options without having to tell stockholders or tax collectors, an arrangement that one business journalist called "a license to steal."

capitalism's;regulations;regulation;Deregulation;Deregulation;Deregulation

According Zinn, The advanced __________ countries of Europe were fighting over boundaries, colonies, spheres of influence; they were competing for ______________.

capitalist; Alsace-Lorraine, the Balkans, Africa, the Middle East

Which of the following is the international food and agribusiness giant that imposed price-fixing on the food supply it controls causing shortages and riots in low-income communities across the globe?

cargill

Over several years Food Lion ___________ its employees of at least __________by forcing them to work _________ but in a court settlement the company paid back only ___________.

cheated; $200 million; "off the clock,"; $13 million

In 1982, a massive grassroots movement for a bilateral, verifiable freeze on nuclear weapons swept the country, yet the lawmakers continued to vote for major escalations in nuclear weaponry. In 2000, over 80 percent of the U.S. public favored a ban on nuclear weapons testing, yet the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty was _____________ in the Senate by a ________ vote; all ______ were ________ senators.

defeated; 51 to 48; 51; Republican

U.S. national security forces and U.S.-supported mercenary armies have used every means to _______________________and governments or even just reformist ones, and install ______________ regimes that were totally accommodating to U.S. corporate interests.

destroy popular revolutionary movements; repressive

On the other hand, American weaponry was used to support ______ regimes battling left-wing rebels abroad. A report by the _____ administration to Congress in ____ was blunt, saying that "a number of countries with deplorable records of human rights observance are also countries where we have _____ security and foreign policy interests."

dictatorial;Carter;1977;important

Schools and universities ___ opposition to the war.

discouraged

The federal budget is composed of __________ spending (the monies that the Congress allocates each year) and _________ spending (the monies that must be allotted in compliance with already existing authorizations, such as payments on the national debt or Social Security). In the __________ budget, more money is spent on the ________ than on all __________ programs combined.

discretionary; mandatory; discretionary; military; domestic

According to Parenti, corporate media owners

do not hesitate to kill stories they dislike and in other ways inject their own preferences into the news.

The relationship of these global corporations with the poorer countries had long been an _____ one, it was clear from U.S. Department of _____ figures. Whereas U.S. corporations in ___ between _____ and ____ invested ____ and made ____in profits, in _____ America they invested _____ and made _____ in profits, and in ____ they invested ____ and made _____ in profits.

exploiting;Commerce;Europe;1950;1965;$8.1 billion;$5.5 billion;Latin;$3.8 billion;$11.2 billion;Africa;$5.2 billion;$14.3 billion

According to the author, This nation has ________different health insurance programs. These private companies cost hundreds of billions of dollars a year. Private companies lay out huge sums for marketing, for screening out undesirable applicants, and for enormous salaries and bonuses to their top _____.

fifteen hundred; directors

Freedom of religion, speech, press, and assembly are guaranteed by the ________ Amendment

first

Capitalism, despite its attempts at self-reform, its organization for better control, was still in 1929 a sick and undependable system.After the crash, the economy was stunned, barely moving. Over _____hanks closed and huge numbers of businesses, unable to get money, closed too. Those that continued laid off employees and cut the wages of those who remained, again and again. Industrial production fell by ____ and by ___ perhaps ____ (no one knew exactly)- one-fourth or one-third of the labor force-were out of work. The Ford Motor Company, which in the spring of ___ had employed _____workers, was down to ___by August of ___. By the end of ___, almost half the ______textile mill workers in New England were out of work. Former President ____ commented with his customary wisdom: "When more and more people are thrown out of work, unemployment results." He spoke again in early ___, "This country is not in good condition."

five thousand ; 50 percent,; 1933; 15 million; 1929; 128,000; 37,000 ; 1931; 1930; 280,000; Calvin Coolidge; 1931

According to the author, Health care reform is difficult and hugely expensive if left in the hands of the _________. Many of the goals are impossible to attain without a ___system. Only _____would enable us to drastically reduce administrative costs, relieve employers of the burden of carrying insurance, and provide a form of universal coverage that is affordable and available to all.

free marketeers; single-payer; single-payer

The emphasis in foreign economic policy was presumably based on "_____" agreements, most notably those signed with Canada and Mexico. Democrats and Republicans, enthusiastically supported by corporate interests, joined to pass the__________ (NAFTA), which ______ signed. _____ opposed it, because it meant _____ would be free to move across borders to find workers who would work at lower wages, under poor conditions.

free trade North American Free Trade Agreement;Clinton;Labor unions;businesses

The claim of the United States to support "___" was hardly to be believed, since U.S. policy was to interfere with trade when this did not serve the "______ interest," which was a euphemism for ____ interest. Thus, it went to lengths to prevent tomato growers in ______ from entering the _____ market.

free trade;national;corporate;Mexico;U.S.

The national security state's primary function is to defeat movements at home and abroad that seek alternatives to__________________.

free-market globalization

In an even more flagrant violation of the principle of ____ trade, the United States would not allow shipments of food or medicine to ____ or to ____. In ____, on the television program 60 Minutes, U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations _____ was asked about the report that "a half million children have died as a result of sanctions against ____.... That is more children than died in Hiroshima.... Is the price worth it?" ____ replied: "I think this is a very hard choice, but the price, we think the price is worth it."

free;Iraq;Cuba;1996;Madeleine Albright;Iraq;Albright

The United States, instead, was consigning its people to the mercy of the "______ market," forgetting, or choosing to forget, the disastrous consequence of such a policy in the ____. The "___" did not care about the environment or the arts. And it left many Americans without jobs, or health care, without a decent education for their children, or adequate housing. Under _____, the government had reduced the number of housing units getting subsidies from 400,000 to 40,000; in the ______ administration the program ended altogether.

free;twenties;market;Reagan;Clinton

It was therefore possible to say that the U.S. economy was "____" -- but only if you considered the richest part of the population. Meanwhile, ___ million people were without health insurance (the number having risen by ___ percent in the nineties), and infants died of sickness and malnutrition at a rate higher than that of any other ____ country. There seemed to be unlimited funds for the military, but people who performed vital human services, in health and education, had to struggle to barely survive.

healthy;40;33;industrialized

The 1996 Telecommunications Act

helped media corporations increase their control over national public airwaves

Congress has no exact idea how much it allocates for intelligence operations because specific funds are hidden in other budget items-which means that it is

in violation of Article I, Section 9 of the Constitution, which declares that no funds shall be drawn from the treasury except by lawful and publicly accounted appropriation.

The _____________ talked of prosperity as if it were _____, as if everyone gained from ____. True, the war meant more production, more employment, but did the _____ in the steel plants gain as much as U.S. Steel, which made _____ in profit in ___ alone?

industrialists and the political leaders; classless; Morgan's loans; workers; $348 million;1916

The CIA agency has equipped and trained local police forces in the United States, and conducts covert operations against U.S. citizens within this country and abroad which means

it is in violation of the National Security Act of 1947, which states that the CIA "shall have no police, subpoena, law enforcement or internal security functions"

According to the related web lesson, what does the following in relation to social class relationships concerning property, wealth and power infer? For all its persuasiveness, it is still necessary to subject this central contention of political liberalism to scrutiny for its ideological elements--that is, for the preconceptions of a regime of capital that are unknowingly insinuated into the terms of the argument. Here a critical examination must being from the fact that capital itself has no inherent dependence on or affinity to political freedom. Capital is a process oriented to the creation of profit, not to the attainment of freedom. . . . The normal relation of capital to state power is therefore pragmatic, gladly accepting the use of military, bureaucratic, legislative, or other state interventions when they favor accumulation, resisting them when they do not. To put it differently, capitalists have no interests as capitalists in promoting the cause of freedom. They are indeed more likely to have opposed interests, insofar as freedom may create subversive attitudes toward the regime of capital, although it needs to be said that on occasion capitalists have espoused liberties even when these threatened their economic interests.

labor as seen by liberalism

Department of Labor statistics on "labor racketeering" reveal that most of the fines are imposed not on ________ but on ___________ that defraud unions. More often than not, the ______ are the victims not the criminals.

labor leaders; businesses; unions

Large _________profited greatly from slave labor. Slaves were used to lay railroads, construct oil lines, harvest tobacco and cotton, and dig for coal, salt, and marble. ___________sold policies to slaveholders for their human "property."

landowners and corporations ; Insurance companies

In a capitalist society, ____________sells not only particular products but a way of life, a glorification of_______________.

mass advertising ; consumer acquisitiveness

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: The prisoners of the system will continue to rebel, as before, in ways that cannot be foreseen, at times that cannot be predicted. The new fact of our era is the chance that they__________

may be joined by the guards.

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: How skillful to tax the _____ class to pay for the relief of the ____, building resentment on top of humiliation! How adroit to bus _____ black youngsters into ____ white neighborhoods, in a violent exchange of impoverished schools, while the schools of the _____ remain untouched and the wealth of the nation, doled out carefully where children need free milk, is drained for billion-dollar aircraft carriers. How ingenious to meet the demands of blacks and women for ______ by giving them small special benefits, and setting them in competition with everyone else for jobs made scarce by an irrational, wasteful system. How wise to turn the fear and anger of the __________ toward a class of criminals bred - by economic inequity - faster than they can be put away, deflecting attention from the huge thefts of national resources carried out within the law by men in executive offices.

middle; poor; poor; poor; rich; equality; majority

The U.S. Constitution gave Congress the exclusive power to create _____. But the coterie of private bankers who compose the Fed now exercise this sovereign power. Check the money in your wallet; every bill of whatever denomination is labeled "Federal Reserve Note." When the Treasury needs money, it must turn to this private banking institution, the Federal Reserve. The Treasury prints interest-bearing U.S. Government Securities, an issue of, say, _____face value. These securities are IOUs that are given to the Fed. The Fed then enters ______ as a debit, which is given to the Treasury. If Treasury wants it in cash, the Fed has the cash printed at the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, the same place government securities are printed. The Fed then enters _____ on its books as a credit owed to it by the Treasury, and now collects interest on the ___ asset. When the reserve ratio is eight to one, the Fed can lend ___for every ___ dollar it has on reserve. In effect, much of the money it lends is created out of thin air! Instead of issuing interest-free money of its own, the U.S. Treasury is borrowing from a private banking source, the Fed, incurring an enormous debt. Thus the major banks are allowed to create fiat money and collect interest on that money from the government and the taxpayers. The Federal Reserve is a money-making machine, returning ____to ________ a year in profits, a grand source of income that goes directly into the bulging coffers of a tiny financial class.

money;$10 billion;$10 billion;$10 billion;$10 billion;$8;$1;$16 billion; $24 billion

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 15: With term limits , the elected position is seen more than ever as a temporary position. Legislators are sometimes inclined to depart even before their terms are finished in order to take an appointive post or run for some other office. "They don't have much experience; all they have are political futures. Donors are more important than constituents," a public-interest advocate said of the term-limited California lower house. Term limits create a perpetually freshman and sophomore legislature that is "__________," said another.

more amateurish, much more juvenile and much less informed

So by the 1890s, John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil controlled roughly 80 percent of the U.S. oil market. This passage indicates that

most business people showed little inclination to deliver themselves to the exacting imperatives of an untrammeled free market.

The 1996 Telecommunications Act heavily lobbyed by the broadcast industry allowed

most of the nation's thousands of radio stations to be bought up by large conglomerates, the biggest being the right-wing Clear Channel

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: In the early _______, the false _______ of the Soviet system had failed. And the American system seemed out of control - a runaway ________, a runaway technology, a runaway ______, a running away of ______ from the people it claimed to represent. ______ was out of control, cancer and _____ were out of control. _____ and _____ and ______ were out of control. The decay of cities and the breakdown of families were out of control. And people seemed to sense all this.

nineties; socialism; capitalism; militarism; government; Crime; AIDS; Prices; taxes; unemployment

Acording to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 16: Which administration did the following?: This administration continued, like its predecessors, to argue that the state secrets privilege was rooted in the Constitution. The White House maintained that on national security grounds the executive branch could have lawsuits dismissed and evidence kept secret from the courts. Civil libertarians argue that such an untrammeled privilege easily becomes a way of concealing the worst kinds of government misconduct. The White House then attempted to keep the privilege but with limitations upon it. The president's Attorney General Eric Holder decided that military and intelligence agencies would not be free to withhold anything and everything they wanted to; they now needed the approval of the Justice Department to keep classified evidence out of court and out of sight. Holder also initiated an investigation of the CIA's abuse of prisoners.

obama

"free trade" agreements such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) are

one way to elevate the giant transnationals above the sovereign power of democratic constituencies is through

If the government itself made direct loans to college students, it would cost only ________as much--but would mean no profits for the banks and private loan companies. "The White House estimates that it could save about ________________ if it cut out all the middlemen..."

one-fifth ; $94 billion over 10 years

According to the author, If the government itself made direct loans to college students, it would cost only _____ as much-but that would mean no profits for the banks and private loan companies. "The White House estimates that it could save about $____billion over ___ years if it cut out all the middlemen. And it has the basis of a system in place, since the Department of Education already makes a lot of direct loans to students."

one-fifth; 94 ; 10

By displacing local populations from their lands and robbing them of their self-sufficiency, corporations create

overcrowded labor markets of desperate people who are forced to toil for poverty wages, often in violation of the countries' minimum-wage laws.

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: With such continuing malaise, it is very important for the Establishment - that uneasy club of business executives, generals, and politicos - to maintain the historic _________________, in which the government represents all the people, and the common enemy is overseas, not at home, where disasters of economics or war are unfortunate errors or tragic accidents, to be corrected by the members of the same club that brought the disasters. It is important for them also to make sure this artificial unity of highly privileged and slightly privileged is the only unity - that the ____ percent remain split in countless ways, and turn against one another to vent their angers.

pretension of national unity; 99

Acording to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 16: The framers of the Constitution assumed that the Electoral College, as it became known, would generally consist of ______________ who would meet months after the election to deliberate and select a president, acting as a damper on popular passions and misjudgments.

propertied and educated gentlemen

The political voting system that provides a party with legislative seats roughly in accordance with the percntage of votes it wins is called

proportional representation

When the New Deal was over, capitalism ___. The __ still controlled the nation's wealth, as well as its laws, courts, police, newspapers, churches, colleges. Enough help bad been given to enough people to make Roosevelt a hero to millions, but the same system that had brought depression and crisis-the system of waste, of inequality, of concern for profit over human need __.

remained intact; rich; remained

The Roosevelt reforms went far beyond previous legislation. They had to meet two pressing needs: to ______ capitalism in such a way to overcome the crisis and _______ the system; also, to head off the alarming growth of spontaneous ___ in the early years of the Roosevelt administration --organization of tenants and the unemployed, movements of self-help, general strikes in several cities.

reorganize; stabilize; rebellion

According to DFF chp.2 & PHUS chp. 5 , the delegate to Philadelphia wanted a stronger central power that would

resolve trade and duties problems among the 13 original colonies protect overseas and diplomatic interests effectively propagate the financial and commercial interests of the affluent class defend the very wealthy from the competing claims of other classes within the society Correct Answer: all the above

Both public and private bureaucracies have a decided tendency toward ___. The more _____, the more administrators can do what they want without having to answer for it. Most of the ____ in public bureaucracy is on behalf of private business, the military, and intelligence agencies. The government has suppressed information concerning bank bailouts, toxic-waste disposal, hazardous chemical substances in water supplies, and the harmful effects of pesticides and nuclear power plants. The government withheld information regarding the medical problems of tens of thousands of U.S. military personnel exposed to nuclear tests in the ____. Also kept secret was information on the ill effects of defoliants in the _____ War, chemical weaponry during the ____ War (1990—1991), and nuclear tests and germ warfare experiments upon civilian populations in U.S. urban areas.

secrecy;secrecy;secrecy;1950s;Vietnam;Gulf

In Supreme Court's ideological bias is reflected not only in decisions it hands down but the cases it selects or refuses to review. During the last two decades of conservative domination, review access has been ________________________

sharply curtailed for plaintiffs representing labor, minorities, consumers, and individual rights.

According to the author, rents have ____incomes in many parts of the country, further _____the supply of affordable housing. Millions of Americans not classified as homeless double up, or pay more than they can comfortably afford for cramped, substandard quarters. Tens of thousands of _____ Americans have been _______from public housing for minor offenses that may have occurred years ago, or for merely being arrested, though not convicted of anything.

soared far above; shrinking; low-income; excluded

But the New Deal's organization of the economy was aimed mainly at _______ the economy, and secondly at giving enough help to the ____ classes to keep them from turning a rebellion into a real revolution.

stabilizing; lower

According to Democracy for the Few, DFF chapter 15: As one participant, Rep. Sherrod Brown (D-Ohio), described how the GOP secretly passed legislation without the public being aware of it:: "Always in the middle of the night. Always after the press had passed their deadlines. Always after the American people had turned off the news and gone to bed.... What did the public miss? They didn't see the House votes, which normally take no more than 20 minutes, dragging on for as long as an hour as members of the Republican leadership trolled for enough votes to cobble together a majority ... coercing enough Republican members into switching their votes to produce the desired result. In other words, they didn't see the __________."

subversion of democracy.

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: The pretense continued over the generations, helped by all-embracing symbols, physical or verbal: the flag, patriotism, democracy, national interest, national defense, national security. The slogans were dug into the earth of American culture like a circle of covered wagons on the western plain, from inside of which the white, slightly privileged American could shoot to kill the enemy outside - Indians or blacks or foreigners or other whites too wretched to be allowed inside the circle. The managers of the caravan watched at a safe distance, and when the battle was over and the field strewn with dead on both sides, they would _______

take over the land, and prepare another expedition, for another territory.

That first objective-to stabilize the system for its own protection- was most obvious in the major law of Roosevelt's first months in office, ________. It was designed to take control of the economy through a series of codes agreed on by management, labor, and the government, fixing prices and wages, limiting competition.

the National Recovery Act (NRA)

Article VII of the Constitution

the Ratification

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: The pretense continued over the generations, helped by all-embracing symbols, physical or verbal: ____________The slogans were dug into the earth of American culture like a circle of covered wagons on the western plain, from inside of which the white, slightly privileged American could shoot to kill the enemy outside - Indians or blacks or foreigners or other whites too wretched to be allowed inside the circle.

the flag, patriotism, democracy, national interest, national defense, national security.

According to the author, persons from relatively modest economic background such as Presidents Lyndon Johnson, Ronald Reagan, Richard Nixon, and Bill Clinton rise to the top by showing themselves to be faithful guardians of

the upper circles. The question then is not only who governs, but whose interests and whose agenda are served by who governs, who benefits and who does not.

The coming of World War II weakened the old labor militancy of the ____ because the war economy created millions of new jobs at higher wages. The New Deal had succeeded only in reducing unemployment from __ million to __ million. It was the war that put almost everyone to work, and the war did something else: patriotism, the push for unity of all classes against enemies overseas, made it harder to mobilize anger against the corporations. During the war, the __ and __ pledged to call no strikes.

thirties; 13; 9; CIO; AFL

For _______ years the battle lines remained virtually stationary in France. Each side would push forward, then back, then forward again- for a few yards, a few miles, while the corpses piled up. In _____ the _____ tried to break through at Verdun; the _____ and _____ counterattacked along the Seine, moved forward a few miles, and lost ____ men. One day, the 9th Battalion of the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry launched an attack- with _____men. Twenty-four hours later, there were ______ left.

three; 1916; Germans; British; French; 600,000; 800; 84

Whatever Carter's sophistication in foreign policy, certain fundamentals operated in the late sixties and the seventies. American corporations were active all over the world on a scale never seen before. There were, by the early seventies, about _____ hundred U.S. corporations, including the ____ largest banks, which earned ___ percent of their net profits outside the United States. They were called "_____," but actually ____ percent of their top executives were Americans. As a group, they now constituted the third-largest economy in the world, next to the United States and the Soviet Union.

three;seven;40;multinationals;98

According to the author, the reduction in public-housing funds over the last _____years remains the major cause of_____. Many cities are passing ordinances that make it _______to sit or lie in a public place with a sleeping bag or shopping cart. Homeless people are harassed, roughed up and arrested, driven from one town to another, their few possessions confiscated and destroyed, their makeshift campgrounds and other sleeping spaces sealed off. The homeless have an inordinately high rate of untreated physical and psychological illnesses.

twenty-five; homelessness; a crime

According to A People's History of the United States, PHUS chapter 23: But most histories _______ revolt, __________ statesmanship, and thus encourage impotency among citizens. When we look closely at resistance movements, or even at isolated forms of rebellion, we discover that class consciousness, or any other awareness of injustice, has multiple levels. It has many ways of expression, many ways of revealing itself - open, subtle, direct, distorted. In a system of __________ and ____, people do not show how much they know, how deeply they feel, until their practical sense informs them they can do so without being _____.

understate; overemphasize; intimidation; control; destroyed

The Diem regime became increasingly ______. Diem was a Catholic, and most Vietnamese were Buddhists; Diem was close to the ______, and this was a country of ______. His pretenses at land reform left things basically as they were. He replaced locally selected provincial chiefs with his own men, appointed in Saigon; by ____, ____of these provincial chiefs were military men. Diem imprisoned more and more Vietnamese who criticized the regime for corruption, for lack of reform.

unpopular; landlords; peasants; 1962; 88 percent

The "cult of true womanhood" could not completely erase what was visible as evidence of woman's subordinate status: she could not ____, could not ________; when she did work, her wages were ______what men earned in the same job. Women were ______ from the professions of law and medicine, from colleges, from the ministry.

vote; own property; one-fourth to one-half ; excluded

Military contractors generally enjoy what are called cost plus contracts. They get paid ___________ to do the job plus a guaranteed _______. There are ________ for failure. Hence the more _______ the performance, the costlier is the job and the bigger the profit. There is a ________ to get the job done efficiently and economically when _____ is built into the system.

whatever it costs; profit; no penalties; wasteful; disincentive; waste

Long and hard democratic struggles have ___ some real benefits for the ___, yet _____ and social ___ of immense proportions continue and even worsen.

won; pubic; inequities; injustices